AAUS guideline for acute bacterial prostatitis 2021 Matsumoto, Masahiro; Yamamoto, Shingo
Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy,
September 2021, 2021-09-00, 20210901, Letnik:
27, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Macrolide or fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium is spreading worldwide. We aimed to determine the influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the quinolone resistance ...determining regions (QRDR) of parC and gyrA in cultured M. genitalium strains. In addition, we examined the prevalence of macrolide- and fluoroquinolone resistance mediating mutations in specimens collected from Japanese male patients with urethritis in two time-periods between 2005-2009 and 2010-2017, respectively, by sequencing the QRDR of parC and gyrA and domain V of the 23S rRNA gene. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of moxifloxacin, sitafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, doxycycline, minocycline, azithromycin and clarithromycin were determined in 23 M. genitalium strains. Three cultured strains had elevated MICs for moxifloxacin at 16, 4 and 2 mg/L and had SNPs with the amino-acid change Ser83→Ile in ParC (p<0.001) and 3 kinds of SNPs with amino-acid changes Asp99→Asn, Gly93→Cys and Met95→Ile in GyrA, respectively. Among a total of 148 M. genitalium positive urine specimens, the prevalence of A2058G and A2059G SNPs in the 23S rRNA gene and any SNPs in ParC increased from 4.8% and 22.6% in 2005-2009 to 42.2% and 53.1% in 2010-2017, respectively. If M. genitalium is considered multi-drug resistant in clinical specimens carrying SNPs in the 23S rRNA gene and Ser83→Ile in ParC, the prevalence of multi-drug resistance is 12.5% in 2010-2017 in Japan. In conclusion, the SNP resulting in Ser83→Ile in ParC is closely related to moxifloxacin resistance even though other factors may also affect treatment outcomes by moxifloxacin. The prevalence of circulating multi-drug resistant M. genitalium strains with macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-resistance is dramatically increasing in Japan.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
OBJECTIVE The first choice of treatment in cases of vertebral artery dissecting aneurysms (VADAs) is endovascular internal trapping (EIT) of the dissecting segment using coils. However, this ...procedure carries the risk of medullary infarction, and the risk factors for this complication are not well understood. This study investigated the risk factors causing medullary infarction. METHODS One hundred patients who underwent EIT for VADAs were included in this study. Ninety-three patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. In cases involving the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), partial internal trapping targeting the ruptured site was performed to preserve the PICA. The VADAs were classified into the distal VA stump group, proximal VA stump group, and entire VA stump group, according to the location of VA segments without adequate flow-out vessels (such as the PICA VA stump) at risk of delayed thrombosis. The occurrence of medullary infarction was examined in each group using diffusion-weighted MRI and/or clinical symptoms. Various measurements were performed on digital subtraction angiography, and the risk factors for medullary infarction were analyzed. RESULTS Medullary infarction occurred in 30 patients, affecting the posterolateral medulla in 27 patients and the anteromedial medulla in 3 patients. Medullary infarction occurred in 3 of 47 patients (6%) in the distal VA stump group, 10 of 19 patients (53%) in the proximal VA stump group, and 17 of 34 patients (50%) in the entire VA stump group. The length of trapping was significantly longer in the infarction group than in the noninfarction group but did not differ among the 3 groups. Total length (length of trapping plus VA stump) was a risk factor for medullary infarction in the proximal VA stumps. CONCLUSIONS The primary risk factor for medullary infarction after EIT is not the length of trapping; rather, it is the anatomical location of the VADAs. The risk of medullary infarction is low in cases with distal VA stumps, but the symptoms are severe. Preservation of the origin of the anterior spinal artery can reduce the risk of medullary infarction. The risk of medullary infarction is high in cases with proximal VA stumps, but the symptoms are mild. A shorter length of trapping, although less likely to lead to complications, cannot prevent medullary infarction because the total length depends on the anatomical location of the PICA and not on the surgical technique. Reconstructive therapy should be indicated for patients with ruptured VADAs at high risk of severe ischemic complications (e.g., patients with hypoplasia of the contralateral VA or cases involving the PICA or anterior spinal artery, which are inappropriate for partial internal trapping) or for patients with unruptured VADAs.
Tinnitus is proposed to be caused by decreased central input from the cochlea, followed by increased spontaneous and evoked subcortical activity that is interpreted as compensation for increased ...responsiveness of central auditory circuits. We compared equally noise exposed rats separated into groups with and without tinnitus for differences in brain responsiveness relative to the degree of deafferentation in the periphery. We analyzed (1) the number of CtBP2/RIBEYE-positive particles in ribbon synapses of the inner hair cell (IHC) as a measure for deafferentation; (2) the fine structure of the amplitudes of auditory brainstem responses (ABR) reflecting differences in sound responses following decreased auditory nerve activity and (3) the expression of the activity-regulated gene Arc in the auditory cortex (AC) to identify long-lasting central activity following sensory deprivation. Following moderate trauma, 30% of animals exhibited tinnitus, similar to the tinnitus prevalence among hearing impaired humans. Although both tinnitus and no-tinnitus animals exhibited a reduced ABR wave I amplitude (generated by primary auditory nerve fibers), IHCs ribbon loss and high-frequency hearing impairment was more severe in tinnitus animals, associated with significantly reduced amplitudes of the more centrally generated wave IV and V and less intense staining of Arc mRNA and protein in the AC. The observed severe IHCs ribbon loss, the minimal restoration of ABR wave size, and reduced cortical Arc expression suggest that tinnitus is linked to a failure to adapt central circuits to reduced cochlear input.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (DNA FISH) is a powerful method to study chromosomal organization in single cells. At present, there is a lack of free resources of DNA FISH probes and probe ...design tools which can be readily applied. Here, we describe iFISH, an open-source repository currently comprising 380 DNA FISH probes targeting multiple loci on the human autosomes and chromosome X, as well as a genome-wide database of optimally designed oligonucleotides and a freely accessible web interface ( http://ifish4u.org ) that can be used to design DNA FISH probes. We individually validate 153 probes and take advantage of our probe repository to quantify the extent of intermingling between multiple heterologous chromosome pairs, showing a much higher extent of intermingling in human embryonic stem cells compared to fibroblasts. In conclusion, iFISH is a versatile and expandable resource, which can greatly facilitate the use of DNA FISH in research and diagnostics.
Isolating oropharyngeal Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) from oral wash specimens (OWSs) is uncommon. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of the Abbott RealTime CT/NG ...assay and the Cobas 4800 CT/NG assay in detecting NG and CT in OWSs.
This multicenter prospective study included 457 patients from 14 medical facilities suspected of having untreated male urethritis or female cervicitis from November 2014 to December 2015. OWSs were collected and tested using the Abbott and Cobas assays. Finally, the discordant results were confirmed using the APTIMA Combo 2 transcription-mediated amplification assay and retested using each assay.
The sensitivity and specificity of the Abbott assay were 100% and 97.2% for NG and 87.5% and 100% for CT, respectively, and of the Cobas assay were 100% and 98.8% for NG and 93.8% and 99.8% for CT, respectively. Both assays had high negative but low positive predictive values for oropharyngeal NG (Abbott assay: 65.7%, Cobas assay: 82.1%). Based on the definition of “true positive,” the prevalence of oropharyngeal NG and CT were 5.0% and 3.5%, respectively.
The Abbott and Cobas assays using OWSs had high sensitivity and specificity, which can help diagnose oropharyngeal NG and CT. We consider that if a positive result is obtained, the patient should be treated because the negative predictive values were high. However, limited data are available on oropharyngeal NG and CT detection, and further studies are needed to clarify the role of oropharyngeal sexually transmitted infections.
Phylogenetic relationships within the subclass Pteriomorphia (Bivalvia) were examined using sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome
c oxidase subunit I gene. The resultant Minimum Evolution ...phylogenetic tree strongly supports the existing superfamily-level classification with all the members of each superfamily forming clades. At the same time, it is suggested that: (1) Ostreoidea shows a closer relationship to Pinnoidea and Pterioidea than to the other superfamilies; (2) Pectinoidea, Anomioidea, and Limoidea form a clade, (3) Arcoidea and Limopsoidea form a clade; (4) The subclass Anomalodesmata is closer to the subclass Heterodonta than to Mytiloidea; and (5) The subclass Pteriomorphia is monophyletic. Taking these results as well as published data for nuclear 18S ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) and Myosin analyses into consideration, a new order-level classification system for Pteriomorphia is proposed.
Fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2) stimulates periodontal regeneration by a broad spectrum of effects on periodontal ligament (PDL) cells, such as proliferation, migration, and production of ...extracellular matrix. A critical factor in the success of periodontal regeneration is the rapid resolution of inflammatory responses in the tissue. We explored an anti‐inflammatory effect of FGF‐2 during periodontal regeneration and healing. We found that FGF‐2 on mouse periodontal ligament cells (MPDL22) markedly downregulated CD40 expression, a key player of inflammation. In addition, FGF‐2 inhibited CD40 signaling by the non‐canonical nuclear factor‐kappa B2 (NFκB2) pathway, resulting in decreased production of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), which have the potential to recruit immune cells to inflamed sites. Furthermore, in vivo treatment of FGF‐2 enhanced healing of skin wounds by counteracting the CD40‐mediated inflammation. These results reveal that FGF‐2 has an important function as a negative regulator of inflammation during periodontal regeneration and healing.
FGF‐2 inhibited CD40 expressed on periodontal ligament cells and reduced CD40‐mediated inflammation. FGF‐2 has an important function as a negative regulator of inflammation during periodontal regeneration and healing.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have significantly improved the prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, compared with cytotoxic agents. However, the prediction of treatment response is ...often difficult, even after assessing the tumor programmed death-ligand 1 expression. We conducted this observational study to analyze the association between the differentiation of peripheral CD4 + T cells and the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. We enrolled patients who were diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer and received immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy between 2020 and 2022. Blood samples were collected at the start of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, and the expressions of PD-1, CCR7, and CD45RA in peripheral CD4 + T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The association between the findings of flow cytometry and survival after the initiation of the immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy was evaluated. Forty patients with non-small cell lung cancer were enrolled. The Cox proportional hazards model showed that an increased proportion of CD45RA-CD4 + T cells was associated with a reduced risk of progression after adjustment for performance status, tumor programmed death-ligand 1 expression level, mutation status of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene, and combined therapy with cytotoxic agents. The present study showed that the proportion of peripheral CD45RA- CD4 + T cells was associated with progression-free survival after the initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, independent of several clinical factors.
PDF
