A
bstract
We explore the confinement-deconfinement phase transition (PT) of the first order (FO) arising in SU(
N
) pure Yang-Mills theory, based on Polyakov loop models (PLMs), in light of the ...induced gravitational wave (GW) spectra. We demonstrate that the PLMs with the Haar measure term, involving models successful in QCD with
N
= 3, are potentially incompatible with the large
N
scaling for the thermodynamic quantities and the latent heat at around the criticality of the FOPT reported from the lattice simulations. We then propose a couple of models of polynomial form, which we call the 4-6 PLM (with four- and six-point interactions among the basic PL fields which have center charge 1) and 4-8 PLM (with four- and eight-point interactions), and discuss how such models can naturally arise in the presence of a heavy PL with charge 2. We show that those models give the consistent thermodynamic and large
N
properties at around the criticality. The predicted GW spectra are shown to have high enough sensitivity to be probed in the future prospected interferometers such as BBO and DECIGO.
We propose a scale-invariant chiral perturbation theory of the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons of chiral symmetry (pion π) as well as the scale symmetry (dilaton ϕ) for large N(f) QCD. The resultant ...dilaton mass M(ϕ) reads M(ϕ)(2) = m(ϕ)(2)+1/4(3-γ(m))(1+γ(m))(2N(f)F(π)(2)/F(ϕ)(2))m(π)(2)+(chiral log corrections), where m(ϕ), m(π), γ(m), F(π), and F(ϕ) are the dilaton mass in the chiral limit, the pion mass, the mass anomalous dimension, and the decay constants of π and ϕ, respectively. The chiral extrapolation of the lattice data, when plotted as M(ϕ)(2) versus m(π)(2), then simultaneously determines (m(ϕ), F(ϕ)) of the technidilaton in walking technicolor with γ(m) ≃ 1. The chiral logarithmic corrections are explicitly given.
A
bstract
Violation of scale symmetry, scale anomaly, being a radical concept in quantum field theory, is of importance to comprehend the vacuum structure of QCD, and should potentially contribute to ...the chiral phase transition in thermal QCD, as well as the chiral and U(1) axial symmetry. Though it should be essential, direct evidence of scale anomalies has never been observed in the chiral phase transition. We propose a methodology to detect a scale anomaly in the chiral phase transition, which is an electromagnetically induced scale anomaly: apply a weak magnetic field background onto two-flavor massless QCD with an extremely heavy strange quark, first observe the chiral crossover; second, adjusting the strange quark mass to be smaller and smaller, observe the second-order chiral phase transition, and then the first-order one in the massless-three flavor limit. Thus, the second-order chiral phase transition, observed as the evidence of the quantum scale anomaly, is a new critical endpoint. It turns out that this electromagnetic scale anomaly gets most operative in the weak magnetic field regime, rather than a strong field region. We also briefly address accessibility of lattice QCD, a prospected application to dense matter system, and implications to astrophysical observations, such as gravitational wave productions provided from thermomagnetic QCD-like theories.
We propose an inflationary scenario based on a many-flavor hidden QCD with eight flavors, which realizes the almost scale-invariant (walking) gauge dynamics. The theory predicts two types of ...composite (pseudo) Nambu-Goldstone bosons, the pions and the lightest scalar (dilaton) associated with the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and its simultaneous violation of the approximate scale invariance. The dilaton acts as an inflaton, where the inflaton potential is induced by the nonperturbative-scale anomaly linked with the underlying theory. The inflaton potential parameters are highly constrained by the walking nature, which are evaluated by straightforward nonperturbative analyses including lattice simulations. Due to the pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson's natures and the intrinsic property for the chiral symmetry breaking in the walking gauge dynamics, the inflaton coupled to the pions naturally undergoes the small field inflation consistently with all the cosmological and astrophysical constraints presently placed by Planck 2018 data. When the theory is vector-likely coupled to the standard model in part in a way to realize a dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking, the reheating temperature is determined by the pion decays to electroweak gauge bosons. The proposed inflationary scenario would provide a dynamical origin for the small field inflation as well as the light pions as a smoking-gun to be probed by future experiments.
Preeclampsia, a systemic vascular disorder characterized by new-onset hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation, is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. ...Maternal endothelial dysfunction caused by placental factors has long been accepted with respect to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Over the past decade, increased production of placental antiangiogenic factors has been identified as a placental factor leading to maternal endothelial dysfunction and systemic vascular dysfunction. This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction caused by placental antiangiogenic factors, and the novel clinical strategies based on these discoveries.
Increasing evidence suggests a relationship between in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). Some studies have reported a lower rate of antenatal diagnosis ...of PAS after IVF-ET compared to PAS with spontaneous conception. This study aimed to review the diagnostic accuracy of PAS after IVF-ET and to explore the relationship between IVF-ET pregnancy and PAS. According to the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive systematic review of the literature was conducted through August 31, 2020 to determine the effects of IVF-ET on PAS. In addition, a meta-analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between IVF-ET pregnancy and PAS. Twelve original studies (2011-2020) met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 190,139 IVF-ET pregnancies and 248,534 spontaneous conceptions met the inclusion criteria. In the comparator analysis between PAS after IVF-ET and PAS with spontaneous conception (n = 2), the antenatal diagnosis of PAS after IVF-ET was significantly lower than that of PAS with spontaneous conception (22.2% versus 94.7%, P < 0.01; < 12.9% versus 46.9%, P < 0.01). The risk of PAS was significantly higher in women who conceived with IVF-ET than in those with spontaneous conception (odds ratio OR: 5.03, 95% confidence interval CI: 3.34-7.56, P < 0.01). In the sensitivity analysis accounting for the type of IVF-ET, frozen ET was associated with an increased risk of PAS (OR: 4.60, 95%CI: 3.42-6.18, P < 0.01) compared to fresh ET. Notably, frozen ET with hormone replacement cycle was significantly associated with the prevalence of PAS compared to frozen ET with normal ovulatory cycle (OR: 5.76, 95%CI 3.12-10.64, P < 0.01). IVF-ET is associated with PAS, and PAS after IVF-ET was associated with a lower rate of antenatal diagnosis. Therefore, clinicians can pay more attention to the presence of PAS during antenatal evaluation in women with IVF-ET, especially in frozen ET with hormone replacement cycle.
A
bstract
We address the presently reported significant flavor anomalies in the Kaon and
B
meson systems such as the CP violating Kaon decay (
ϵ
′
/ϵ
) and lepton-flavor universality violation in
B
...meson decays
R
K
*
,
R
D
*
, by proposing flavorful and chiral vector bosons as the new physics constitution at around TeV scale. The chiral-flavorful vectors (CFVs) are introduced as a 63-plet of the global SU(8) symmetry, identified as the one-family symmetry for left-handed quarks and leptons in the standard model (SM) forming the 8-dimensional vector. Thus the CFVs include massive gluons, vector leptoquarks, and
W
′
, Z
′-type bosons, which are allowed to have flavorful couplings with left-handed quarks and leptons, and flavor-universal couplings to right-handed ones, where the latter arises from mixing with the SM gauge bosons. The flavor texture is assumed to possess a “minimal” structure to be consistent with the current flavor measurements on the
K
and
B
systems. Among the presently reported significant flavor anomalies in the Kaon and
B
meson systems (
ϵ
′
/ϵ
,
R
K
*
,
R
D
*
), the first two
ϵ
′
/ϵ
and
R
K
*
anomalies can simultaneously be interpreted by the presence of CFVs; the
R
D
*
anomaly is predicted not to survive, due to the approximate SU(8) flavor symmetry. Remarkably, we find that as long as both of the
ϵ
′
/ϵ
and
R
K
*
anomalies persist beyond the SM, the CFVs predict the enhanced
K
+
→
π
+
ν
ν
¯
and
K
L
→
π
0
ν
ν
¯
decay rates compared to the SM values, which will readily be explored by the NA62 and KOTO experiments, and they will also be explored in new resonance searches at the Large Hadron Collider.
Abstract
This study aimed to review the obstetric complications during subsequent pregnancies after uterine artery embolization (UAE) for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) by exploring the relationship ...between prior UAE and obstetric complications through a meta-analysis. We conducted a systematic literature review through March 31, 2021, using PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines and determined the effect of prior UAE for PPH on the rate of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), PPH, placenta previa, hysterectomy, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and preterm birth (PTB). Twenty-three retrospective studies (2003–2021) met the inclusion criteria. They included 483 pregnancies with prior UAE and 320,703 pregnancies without prior UAE. The cumulative results of all women with prior UAE indicated that the rates of obstetric complications PAS, hysterectomy, and PPH were 16.3% (34/208), 6.5% (28/432), and 24.0% (115/480), respectively. According to the patient background-matched analysis based on the presence of prior PPH, women with prior UAE were associated with higher rates of PAS (odds ratio OR 20.82; 95% confidence interval CI 3.27–132.41) and PPH (OR 5.32, 95% CI 1.40–20.16) but not with higher rates of hysterectomy (OR 8.93, 95% CI 0.43–187.06), placenta previa (OR 2.31, 95% CI 0.35–15.22), FGR (OR 7.22, 95% CI 0.28–188.69), or PTB (OR 3.00, 95% CI 0.74–12.14), compared with those who did not undergo prior UAE. Prior UAE for PPH may be a significant risk factor for PAS and PPH during subsequent pregnancies. Therefore, at the time of delivery, clinicians should be more attentive to PAS and PPH when women have undergone prior UAE. Since the number of women included in the patient background-matched study was limited, further investigations are warranted to confirm the results of this study.
We propose new perspective in searching for axionlike particles (ALPs) from quark and lepton flavor physics: measurements of the time-dependent C P asymmetry in B0 → K0Sπ0γ and the branching ratio of ...Bs → e±μ∓ decay possess, along with the anomalous magnetic moment of muon. In the mass range of sub-GeV, accessible by the flavorful ALPs search, the experimental sensitivity for these flavor observables reaches the maximum at around the pion mass scale (called the sweetest spots), where a couple of loopholes (unexplored regions) for the ALP parameter space have heretofore been present, because of an unavoidable contamination with pion background events. The proposed complementary probes can precisely determine the ALP coupling to photon at these sweetest spots/loopholes, and will significantly help cover whole parameter spaces in the ALP search including the present loopholes in the future.
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