A summary of new knowledge on embryo implantation in dependence on quality of the endometrium.
Literature review from August 2022 of the relevant publications in Web of Science, Scopus and ...PubMed/Medline databases, focused on “endometrial receptivity”, “polycystic ovary syndrome”, “endometriosis”, “SARS-CoV-2”.
The receptive state of the endometrium is a result of physiological remodeling and immune system activity modulated by the microbio-me. This balance can be disturbed by myomas, polyps, sactosalpings, adenomyosis, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, infections. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection is being discussed. For a successful implantation, timing of transfer is crucial. The ultrasound examination is used conventionally. In specific cases, hysteroscopy and endometrium bio-psy are recommended. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation is performed together with examination of microbio-me or transcriptome. To support the implantation, gestagenes are used, or metformin in the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. In cases of a repeated implantation failure, the intrauterine infusion of mononuclear cells or platelet rich plasma is used, subcutaneous application of granulocyte colony stimulating growth factor, intravenous application of atosiban or intrauterine application of human chorionic gonadotropin.
Recent research in the field of transcriptomics, proteomics and reproductive immunology uncovers the process of implantation more deeply and opens a new stage of the assisted reproduction.
The subject of this thesis was creating of teaching material for an interactive whiteboard using ActivInspire program. The material was created in a form of interactive presentations designed to be ...used in chemistry lessons at secondary schools. The theme of these presentations was the 15th group of the periodic table of elements. The thesis also includes a description of the way the presentations were made and instructions for teachers how to work with them.
Matušková, E.: Innovation within the framework of the commodity vertical line of tomatoes on the French market Master's thesis. Brno, 2015 This Diploma thesis deals with the sector of fresh tomatoes ...on the French market. The thesis is focused on the issue of tomato quality and describes various factors having an impact on the quality of tomatoes. The theoretical part presents the fundamental characteristics of the industry and examines the structure of investigated commodity chain and the relationship between the individual factors. Last but not least, the first part also looks into tomato quality and various procedures of its certification. The second part of the thesis deals with the characteristics of the structure of cultivars currently proposed at the French market's supply. Furthermore, it explains various factors influencing the quality of the final product and describes different chains of events that may occur throughout the entire production process. The investigation of the chosen issue was based on a series of interviews with experts in the field. The collected data were analyzed through a framework of the analytical grid. The main conclusion of this study is that the problem of collective reputation of the product reveals itself to be crucial in this matter. The last part of this thesis examines the application of the labeling policy as a possible solution for making the French tomato market more transparent and to limit the decrease of tomato quality. The collected data can be further used to assess the future development as well as anticipate the possible forthcoming mutations of the fresh tomato market in France.
An all atomic, non-restrained molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in explicit water was used to study in detail the structural features of the highly conserved glycine-rich loop (GRL) of the α-subunit ...of the yeast mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP) and its importance for the tertiary and quaternary conformation of MPP. Wild-type and GRL-deleted MPP structures were studied using non-restrained MD simulations, both in the presence and the absence of a substrate in the peptidase active site. Targeted MD simulations were employed to study the mechanism of substrate translocation from the GRL to the active site. We demonstrate that the natural conformational flexibility of the GRL is crucial for the substrate translocation process from outside the enzyme towards the MPP active site. We show that the α-helical conformation of the substrate is important not only during its initial interaction with MPP (i.e. substrate recognition), but also later, at least during the first third of the substrate translocation trajectory. Further, we show that the substrate remains in contact with the GRL during the whole first half of the translocation trajectory and that hydrophobic interactions play a major role. Finally, we conclude that the GRL acts as a precisely balanced structural element, holding the MPP subunits in a partially closed conformation regardless the presence or absence of a substrate in the active site.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Mitochondrial processing peptidases are heterodimeric enzymes (alpha/betaMPP) that play an essential role in mitochondrial biogenesis by recognizing and cleaving the targeting presequences of ...nuclear-encoded mitochondrial proteins. The two subunits are paralogues that probably evolved by duplication of a gene for a monomeric metallopeptidase from the endosymbiotic ancestor of mitochondria. Here, we characterize the MPP-like proteins from two important human parasites that contain highly reduced versions of mitochondria, the mitosomes of Giardia intestinalis and the hydrogenosomes of Trichomonas vaginalis. Our biochemical characterization of recombinant proteins showed that, contrary to a recent report, the Trichomonas processing peptidase functions efficiently as an alpha/beta heterodimer. By contrast, and so far uniquely among eukaryotes, the Giardia processing peptidase functions as a monomer comprising a single betaMPP-like catalytic subunit. The structure and surface charge distribution of the Giardia processing peptidase predicted from a 3-D protein model appear to have co-evolved with the properties of Giardia mitosomal targeting sequences, which, unlike classic mitochondrial targeting signals, are typically short and impoverished in positively charged residues. The majority of hydrogenosomal presequences resemble those of mitosomes, but longer, positively charged mitochondrial-type presequences were also identified, consistent with the retention of the Trichomonas alphaMPP-like subunit. Our computational and experimental/functional analyses reveal that the divergent processing peptidases of Giardia mitosomes and Trichomonas hydrogenosomes evolved from the same ancestral heterodimeric alpha/betaMPP metallopeptidase as did the classic mitochondrial enzyme. The unique monomeric structure of the Giardia enzyme, and the co-evolving properties of the Giardia enzyme and substrate, provide a compelling example of the power of reductive evolution to shape parasite biology.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Purpose
We investigated associations between neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) and rs10490924 polymorphism of ARMS2 gene (age‐related maculopathy susceptibility 2), rs1061170 ...polymorphism of gene for complement factor H (CFH), rs2230199 polymorphism of gene for complement component C3 and rs11200638 polymorphism of gene for serine protease high‐temperature requirement A1 (HTRA1) in the Czech population.
Methods
We analysed samples of DNA from 307 patients diagnosed with neovascular form of late AMD (average age: 73.7 ± 7.7 years) and 191 control subjects, recruited from patients awaiting cataract surgery (average age, 73.6 ± 8.7 years).
Results
HTRA1, CFH and ARMS2 genes polymorphisms were found to be related to neovascular AMD in the Czech population. All analysed polymorphisms were statistically significantly associated with neovascular AMD, with stronger associations in females than in males. In whole group, CC genotype of CFH gene polymorphism, TT genotype of ARMS2 gene polymorphism and AA genotype of HTRA1 gene polymorphism showed the greatest risk for neovascular AMD with odds ratios equal to 8.43, 10.07, 9.83, respectively (p < 0.0001). Only CG polymorphism of C3 gene showed statistically significant risk for neovascular AMD. In addition, we observed an association between waist circumference and neovascular AMD in both sexes, which further suggests the significance of excessive abdominal fat as a risk factor of AMD. We found a statistically significant association between polymorphisms in HTRA1, CFH and ARMS2 genes and neovascular AMS in the Czech population. The association was stronger in females than in males.
Conclusion
We demonstrated a relationship between neovascular AMD and genes for HTRA1, CFH, ARMS2 and C3 in Czech population. To our knowledge, the relationship between these polymorphisms and neovascular AMD in Czech population has never been investigated before.
The growing interest in the composition and effects of microbiota raised the question how drug pharmacokinetics could be influenced by concomitant application of probiotics. The aim of this study was ...to find whether probiotic E. coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) influences the pharmacokinetics of concomitantly taken antiarrhythmic drug amiodarone (AMI). Live bacterial suspension of probiotic EcN (or non-probiotic E. coli strain ATCC 25922) was applied orally to male Wistar rats for seven days, while a control group of rats was treated with a saline solution. On the eighth day, the amiodarone hydrochloride was administered as one single oral dose (50 mg/kg) to all rats (N = 60). After 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.5, 7, 9, 14, 22, and 30 hours, blood samples were taken from the rat abdominal aorta. The plasma level of AMI and its metabolite N-desethylamiodarone (DEA) was determined using the HPLC with UV detection. Administration of EcN led to a 43% increase of AMI AUC0-30 in comparison with control samples. However, this effect was not observed if EcN was replaced by a reference non-probiotic E. coli strain. Thus, EcN administration was most probably responsible for better drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Plasma levels of DEA were also increased in plasma samples from animals treated with EcN. This change was again not found in the experiment with the reference non-probiotic strain. Higher DEA levels in samples from EcN-treated rats may be explained either by better absorption of AMI and/or by an increased activity of CYP2C forms, known to participate in metabolism of this drug, after EcN administration. In this paper, it is documented that concomitantly taken probiotic EcN may modulate pharmacokinetics of a drug; in this case, it led to an increased bioavailability of AMI.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The wet form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by pathological vascularization of the outer retinal layers. The condition responds to treatment with antibodies against ...vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), but the patients receiving such anti-VEGF therapy sometimes show undesirable acute short-term increases in the intraocular pressure (IOP). The cause of this adverse effect is unknown, and here, we are testing a hypothesis that it is related to CD36 gene polymorphisms.
A group of 134 patients with AMD were given three therapeutic doses of anti-VEGF antibody (ranibizumab) at monthly intervals. Their IOP was measured immediately before and 30 min after each injection. Patients' DNA was analyzed, and the changes in IOP were matched against seven polymorphisms of the CD36 gene.
Three polymorphisms were found to be associated with increases in IOP: rs1049673 (p = 0.006), rs3211931 (p = 0.01), and rs1761667 (p = 0.043) at the time of the third injection only. Pronounced elevations (IOP > 25 mmHg) were associated with rs1049673 polymorphism: GC genotype (p < 0.01) and CC genotype (p < 0.05); both increasing the risk 2.6-fold, the presence of C-allele conferring a 1.5-fold greater risk and with rs3211931 polymorphism: AG genotype (p < 0.01) and GG genotype (p < 0.05); increasing the risk 2.6-fold (AG) and 2.7-fold (GG).
CD36 receptor may be involved in mediating the effects of VEGF on IOP. The findings will help to identify the patients at risk of acutely elevated IOP following the anti-VEGF therapy.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Murid herpesvirus 4 (MuHV 4) strain 68 (MHV-68) is a natural pathogen of murid rodents, which serves as hosts to Dermacentor reticulatus ticks. These ticks are known to transmit multiple pathogens, ...which can cause diseases in humans and animals. Recently, the detection of MHV-68 antibodies in the blood of animals living in the same biotope as virus-infected mice has suggested the role of ticks in pathogen circulation in nature. Herein, to identify MHV-68 in D. reticulatus ticks, DNA samples from 432 adults were collected at two sites in southwestern Slovakia from 2011 to 2014. Samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), targeting ORF50 of MHV-68. Ignoring season and locality, we have found 25.9 % of the male and 44.9 % of the female ticks to be positive. Within ticks collected in Vojka, 40 % (125/312) became positive, at a rate of approximately 6.8 times higher in spring than in autumn (66 vs 9.7 %). In addition, in the spring, 1.4 times more females were positive than males. Within ticks collected in Gabčíkovo, 23.3 % (28/120) became positive, with positive females being twice as frequent. The infecting virus was identified by analyzing amplified products via sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. Using an explantation/co-cultivation procedure, we examined the salivary glands, intestines, and ovaries of five females for live MHV-68. In all organs of two ticks, we identified a virus capable of replication in mammalian cells. This is the first report of MHV-68 detection in D. reticulatus ticks and of a live virus in their organs. Findings encourage further study to determine whether this potential arbovirus, found in salivary glands, is transmissible. It further supports the hypothesis regarding the mediating role of ticks in MHV-68 circulation in nature.
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