We propose a practical parametrization for the line shapes of near-threshold states compatible with all requirements of unitarity and analyticity. The coupled-channel system underlying the proposed ...parametrization includes bare poles and an arbitrary number of elastic and inelastic channels treated fully nonperturbatively. The resulting formulas are general enough to be used for a simultaneous analysis of the data in all available production and decay channels of the (system of) state(s) under consideration for a quite wide class of reactions. As an example, we fit the experimental data currently available for several decay channels for the charged Z super((')) sub(b) states in the spectrum of bottomonia and find a good overall description of the data. We find the present data to be consistent with the Z sub(b)(10610) as a virtual state and with the Z sub(b)(10650) as a resonance, both residing very close to the BB* and B*B* threshold, respectively.
Numerous quarkonium(like) states lying near S-wave thresholds are observed experimentally. We propose a self-consistent approach to these near-threshold states compatible with unitarity and ...analyticity. The underlying coupled-channel system includes a bare pole and an arbitrary number of elastic and inelastic channels treated fully nonperturbatively. The resulting analytical parametrization is ideally suited for a combined analysis of the data available in various channels that is exemplified by an excellent overall description of the data for the charged Z(b)(10610) and Z(b)(10650) states.
A practical parametrisation for the line shapes of near threshold resonance(s) is derived in the framework of a coupled-channel model which includes an arbitrary number of elastic and inelastic ...channels as well as a bare pole term. The parameters have a direct relation to phenomenology and can be employed to study the nature of the near-threshold states. The resulting analytical parametrisation is therefore ideally suited to investigate the full information content provided by the measurements and to establish a link between the experimental data and their theoretical interpretation
In the last decade many states in the spectrum of charmonium and bottomonium have been observed experimentally above the lowest open-flavour threshold. Most of these states reside in the vicinity of ...strong thresholds and show properties that cannot be captured by simple quark models. Description and understanding of such exotic states is a challenge for the phenomenology of strong interactions, since it requires building adequate theoretical tools and approaches. In this work, a practical parametrisation for the line shapes of near threshold resonance(s) is derived in the framework of a coupled-channel model which includes an arbitrary number of elastic and inelastic channels as well as of bare pole terms. Parameters of the distribution have a direct relation to phenomenology and the resulting analytical parametrisation is therefore ideally suited to harvest the full information content provided by the measurements and to establish a link between the experimental data and their theoretical interpretation.
Numerous quarkonium(like) states lying near \(S\)-wave thresholds are observed experimentally. We propose a self-consistent approach to these near-threshold states compatible with unitarity and ...analyticity. The underlying coupled-channel system includes a bare pole and an arbitrary number of elastic and inelastic channels treated fully nonperturbatively. The resulting analytical parametrization is ideally suited for a combined analysis of the data available in various channels that is exemplified by an excellent overall description of the data for the charged \(Z_b(10610)\) and \(Z_b(10650)\) states.
We propose a practical parametrisation for the line shapes of near-threshold states compatible with all requirements of unitarity and analyticity. The coupled-channel system underlying the proposed ...parametrisation includes bare poles and an arbitrary number of elastic and inelastic channels treated fully nonperturbatively. The resulting formulae are general enough to be used for a simultaneous analysis of the data in all available production and decay channels of the (system of) state(s) under consideration for a quite wide class of reactions. As an example, we fit the experimental data currently available for several decay channels for the charged \(Z_b^{(\prime)}\) states in the spectrum of bottomonia and find a good overall description of the data. We find the present data to be consistent with the \(Z_b(10610)\) as a virtual state and with the \(Z_b(10650)\) as a resonance, both residing very close to the \(B\bar{B}^*\) and \(B^*\bar{B}^*\) threshold, respectively.
This paper describes a method to operate a switched reluctance machine (SRM) sensorless with a precise position estimation but without the necessity of a prior known machine characteristic. When a ...machine is connected to the inverter for the first time, an initialization sequence is started to determine the inductance profile of the machine automatically. Within this sequence the machine is started and the inductance of all phases is recorded over time while the machine is rotating. From the data the rotor position is extracted and linked to the recorded inductance values. The data is finally merged to one inductance profile, which is used for controlling the machine. Only information about the machine configuration, the maximum allowable machine speed and phase currents must be provided. The proposed method was implemented on a test bench and verified with a 2 kW four-phase SRM using direct average torque control (DATC).
Summary Background Adjuvant endocrine therapy compromises bone health in patients with breast cancer, causing osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fractures. Antiresorptive treatments such as ...bisphosphonates prevent and counteract these side-effects. In this trial, we aimed to investigate the effects of the anti-RANK ligand antibody denosumab in postmenopausal, aromatase inhibitor-treated patients with early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Methods In this prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, postmenopausal patients with early hormone receptor-positive breast cancer receiving treatment with aromatase inhibitors were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive either denosumab 60 mg or placebo administered subcutaneously every 6 months in 58 trial centres in Austria and Sweden. Patients were assigned by an interactive voice response system. The randomisation schedule used a randomly permuted block design with block sizes 2 and 4, stratified by type of hospital regarding Hologic device for DXA scans, previous aromatase inhibitor use, and baseline bone mineral density. Patients, treating physicians, investigators, data managers, and all study personnel were masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was time from randomisation to first clinical fracture, analysed by intention to treat. As an additional sensitivity analysis, we also analysed the primary endpoint on the per-protocol population. Patients were treated until the prespecified number of 247 first clinical fractures was reached. This trial is ongoing (patients are in follow-up) and is registered with the European Clinical Trials Database, number 2005-005275-15, and with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00556374. Findings Between Dec 18, 2006, and July 22, 2013, 3425 eligible patients were enrolled into the trial, of whom 3420 were randomly assigned to receive denosumab 60 mg (n=1711) or placebo (n=1709) subcutaneously every 6 months. Compared with the placebo group, patients in the denosumab group had a significantly delayed time to first clinical fracture (hazard ratio HR 0·50 95% CI 0·39–0·65, p<0·0001). The overall lower number of fractures in the denosumab group (92) than in the placebo group (176) was similar in all patient subgroups, including in patients with a bone mineral density T-score of −1 or higher at baseline (n=1872, HR 0·44 95% CI 0·31–0·64, p<0·0001) and in those with a bone mineral density T-score of less than −1 already at baseline (n=1548, HR 0·57 95% CI 0·40–0·82, p=0·002). The patient incidence of adverse events in the safety analysis set (all patients who received at least one dose of study drug) did not differ between the denosumab group (1366 events, 80%) and the placebo group (1334 events, 79%), nor did the numbers of serious adverse events (521 vs 511 30% in each group). The main adverse events were arthralgia and other aromatase-inhibitor related symptoms; no additional toxicity from the study drug was reported. Despite proactive adjudication of every potential osteonecrosis of the jaw by an international expert panel, no cases of osteonecrosis of the jaw were reported. 93 patients (3% of the full analysis set) died during the study, of which one death (in the denosumab group) was thought to be related to the study drug. Interpretation Adjuvant denosumab 60 mg twice per year reduces the risk of clinical fractures in postmenopausal women with breast cancer receiving aromatase inhibitors, and can be administered without added toxicity. Since a main side-effect of adjuvant breast cancer treatment can be substantially reduced by the addition of denosumab, this treatment should be considered for clinical practice. Funding Amgen.
Increasing use of improved culture techniques and sensitive nucleic acid amplification assays have resulted in recognition of Kingella kingae as an important cause of invasive infections in young ...children, especially in septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, bacteraemia, and endocarditis. In 2016, EUCAST established clinical MIC breakpoints for K. kingae (published in EUCAST Clinical Breakpoint Tables v 7.0, 2017). The present study was carried out to produce MIC-zone diameter correlations for K. kingae on an international collection of isolates, with the aim of suggesting zone diameter breakpoints corresponding to the clinical MIC breakpoints.
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for 18 clinically relevant agents on a collection of 159 clinical isolates of K. kingae. Broth microdilution MIC determination and disk diffusion were performed according to EUCAST recommendations for fastidious organisms.
The correlation between MICs and zone diameters was good for all agents with EUCAST breakpoints for K. kingae. β-lactamase was detected in 41 isolates (26%) and these isolates were resistant to aminopenicillins. These isolates were also resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Resistance to tetracyclines was detected in 8% of all isolates. All resistant isolates were correctly categorized for these agents with the proposed zone diameter breakpoints. One isolate, resistant to erythromycin but susceptible to other macrolides, was categorized as susceptible with erythromycin disk diffusion. No resistance was detected for the cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones tested.
Based on the results in this study, zone diameter breakpoints for K. kingae calibrated to EUCAST clinical MIC breakpoints were proposed and approved by EUCAST.
Patients with left-sided breast cancer frequently receive deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) radiotherapy to reduce the risk of cardiac side effects. The aim of the present study was to analyze ...intra-breath-hold stability and inter-fraction breath-hold reproducibility in clinical practice.
Overall, we analyzed 103 patients receiving left-sided breast cancer radiotherapy using a surface-guided DIBH technique. During each treatment session the vertical motion of the patient was continuously measured by a surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT) system and automated gating control (beam on/off) was performed using an audio-visual patient feedback system. Dose delivery was automatically triggered when the tracking point was within a predefined gating window. Intra-breath-hold stability and inter-fraction reproducibility across all fractions of the entire treatment course were analyzed per patient.
In the present series, 6013 breath-holds during beam-on time were analyzed. The mean amplitude of the gating window from the baseline breathing curve (maximum expiration during free breathing) was 15.8 mm (95%-confidence interval: 8.5-30.6 mm) and had a width of 3.5 mm (95%-CI: 2-4.3 mm). As a measure of intra-breath-hold stability, the median standard deviation of the breath-hold level during DIBH was 0.3 mm (95%-CI: 0.1-0.9 mm). Similarly, the median absolute intra-breath-hold linear amplitude deviation was 0.4 mm (95%-CI: 0.01-2.1 mm). Reproducibility testing showed good inter-fractional reliability, as the maximum difference in the breathing amplitudes in all patients and all fractions were 1.3 mm on average (95%-CI: 0.5-2.6 mm).
The clinical integration of an optical surface scanner enables a stable and reliable DIBH treatment delivery during SGRT for left-sided breast cancer in clinical routine.
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