Surian (Toona sinensis) is a forest plant that is widespread in Asia. In Indonesia, this plant only used and known as a commodity for carpentry but in other nation, saurian is known as spices and ...traditional medicine because of its natural antioxidant potential. The objective of this study was assayed total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, and antioxidant activity from Surian leaves. Surian leaves were extracted by water and ethanol solvent. Water extraction was conducted by reflux in 90 °C then ethanol extraction was conducted by maceration, which is through various concentration 70%, 80%, 90%, and 96% of ethanol. Total phenolic content varied from 276.62 to 444.68 (mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content ranged from 209.23 to 324.61 (mg QE/g). Antioxidant activity of the water and ethanol extracts was evaluated using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil) radical scavenging method. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of ethanol 90% extract and ethanol 96% extract had a higher amount than the other. The ethanol 96% extract had the strongest DPPH inhibition concentration 50% (IC50), which is 3.38 μg/mL while ascorbic acid is 3.90 μg/mL as a comparison. Antioxidant activity had a strong correlation with total flavonoid content.
Study of interaction between MJO and Monsoon and their impact on the extreme rainfall over the Maritime Continent (MC) until now not yet fully understood due to the limitation of data observation. ...However, there many techniques to derive the extreme rainfall from the satellite data, especially for GSMap (Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation) that already designed with good spatial-temporal resolution. In this study, we have investigated the interaction between MJO and Asian Monsoon when they are interactive simultaneously. By taking the Makasar city as a sample of big floods over South Sulawesi dated January 22, 2019, we found a good agreement between MJO, Monsoon, and their impact on the extreme rainfall in that time. We applied four techniques, namely; temporal, spatial, Hovmoller, and PSD (Power Spectral Density), respectively. Then, we found the MJO in phases 4 and 5 were responsible for the occurring of big rainfall over South Sulawesi. For this reason, we suspect the development of the MJO index model, especially for phases 4 and 5 when passing over South Sulawesi is very important for the next investigation.
Transfer function describes the values of future prediction from output series (Yt) based on its past value and also based on one or more input series (Xt) as the dependent variables. Single input ...transfer function model is a transfer function model that use one variable as input series (Xt).Then, this single input transfer function model was applied to make the model and forecast the number of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases (Yt) in Jombang based on rainfall (Xt). From the model, it couldbe described that the number of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases in a month was affected by rainfall on that month, rainfall two month earlier, rainfall twelve month earlier, rainfall thirteen month earlier, the number of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases a month earlier, the number of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases twelve month earlier, the number of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases thirteen month earlier, and also residual value on that month. Based on the transfer function model result, it the number of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases in Jombang could be predicted for next 20 months. After comparing the prediction result and the actual data, we obtained that almost all the prediction results (75%) were valid.
The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematics motility of frozen-thawed Sumba sexed sperm of Ongole bull using snake head fish albumin (SFA) column method. The SFA was made by different ...concentration ratio of top and bottom fraction namely 2 and 4%; 3 and 5%; 4 and 6% respectively, and BSA 5 and 10% as control. Semen pellet was diluted with Optixcell CSS extender, then sexed sperms were filled in mini straw (0.25 mL) followed with equilibration at 4°C for 2-4 hours. Prefreezing was performed for 15 minutes then freeze in liquid nitrogen. Kinematics motility was evaluated using Computer Assisted Semen Analyzer (CASA: SpermvisionTM 3.7.8) in parameter of total motility, progressive motility, distance average path (DAP), distance curvelinear (DCL), distance straight line (DSL), velocity average path (VAP), velocity curvelinear (VCL) and velocity straight line (VSL). The results of showed that sperms X (top fraction) of SFA treatment after frozen have better kinematics motility parameter compared to Y sperms, in total motility 42.13-64.09%, progressive motility 38.7-62.01%, VCL 55.89-61.85 µm/s, VAP 102.53-110.14 µm/s, and VSL 42.19-45.33 µm/s. In conclusion sperms resulted using SFA treatment (X sperm) have higher kinematic reflecting higher fertility capacity compared to control group.
Although the creative city concept has received much criticism, the creative movement still occurs to fight for a better city. The decline in the terracotta tile business in Jatiwangi, Majalengka ...Regency, West Java, Indonesia, has triggered a creative movement to revitalize their identity through the Terracotta City movement. By combining Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s field of creativity and Pierre Bourdieu’s cultural capital, this study is carried out to reveal the creative culture of terracotta tile entrepreneurs in Jatiwangi and its relation to the movement. It is found that entrepreneurs’ creative culture is dominantly stimulated by economic capital, and then it is transformed into cultural capital. Innovations are only made, if the market share is clear since it bears economic risks. However, social capital has a role in transforming entrepreneurs’ economic and cultural capital to accept innovation and product diversification. This study also reveals that entrepreneurs as adopters intend to initiate innovation and diversification of terracotta products. However, within the framework of innovation, it shows that creative culture plays a role in incorporating aspects of humanity into innovation activities by giving innovation efforts to represent human beings.
Diluents are substances added to the semen to increase the semen volume, reduce sperm density, and maintain sperm viability. This study aimed to compare the effects of various semen diluents on the ...quality of frozen semen of Limousin bull. Three mature Limousin bulls were used as semen sources. The semen was collected using an artificial vagina and then evaluated for its quality. Sperms with motility less than 70% and abnormality greater than 20% were excluded from this study. After semen evaluation, each ejaculate was individually divided into four equal tubes and diluted with skimmed milk-egg yolk (SMEY), Tris–egg yolk (TEY), Tris–egg yolk–skimmed milk (TEYSM), or Andromed®. Diluted semen was loaded into a mini straw and then equilibrated at 5 °C for 4 h. Following equilibration, the straws were frozen. The percentages of sperm motility, viability, intact membrane, and sperm DNA integrity were evaluated after freezing. Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme concentrations were assessed after thawing. The sperm motility with TEY, TEYSM, and Andromed® did not differ significantly but was higher than with SMEY. Sperm viability, membrane intactness, and sperm DNA integrity did not differ among treatments. By contrast, the MDA levels and concentration of AST in the Andromed® diluent semen showed the lowest values compared with SMEY semen (p<0.05) but did not differ from those of TEY and TEYSM semen. To conclude, TEY, TEYSM, and Andromed® diluents performed equally well, and although they showed better results than SMEY, sperm diluted in SMEY are still suitable for artificial insemination.
Abstract
The study aimed to examine the kinematics motility and recovery rates of frozen-thawed Friesian Holstein bull sexing semen in the addition of l-ascorbic acid treatment. Semen collected from ...Friesian Holstein bulls with the minimum standard of sperm motilities for sexing sperm (60%), and abnormality (<20%) used for this study. Semen was diluted with final concentration 300x106 sperm/ml in Brackett-Oliphant (BO) medium. The sperms were sorted using the BSA column method. Sexing sperm were extended with Tris egg yolk (TEY) extender in addition L-Ascorbic Acid (LA) 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% before freezing process. Frozen sexing semen was thawed for the kinematics motility evaluation with parameter; Tmot, Pmot, VAP, VCL, VSL, LIN, ALH, BCF, DAP, DCL and DAP using CASA system also recovery-rate evaluation. The results showed kinematics motility evaluation for 0.75% TEY-LA had lowest value (P<0.05) in Tmot, Pmot, velocity and distance compared to control group, 0.25% and 0.5% TEY-LA. The recovery rate 0.5% TEY-LA had highest values between among all treatment in X and Y frozen sexing semen. In conclusion, the addition of 0.5% l-ascorbic acid to tris egg yolk extender could be advantageous tool to improve the kinematics motility and increased recovery rates of Friesian Holstein sexing sperm.
Strategies to increase the population and productivity of beef cattle can be implemented through reproductive management, such as artificial insemination (AI) using frozen semen. This study aims to ...evaluate the characteristics of frozen semen of Limousin bulls of different ages, which can still be used for insemination programs up to 12 years of age. This study used frozen semen of Limousin bulls ages 3, 8, and 12 years produced in 2021 at the Artificial Insemination Center in Singosari, East Java Province, Indonesia. Five bulls from each different age group were used for replication. Computer-assisted sperm analysis was used to determine sperm motility, viability, and abnormalities using eosin–nigrosine staining. Plasma membrane integrity was analyzed using the hypoosmotic swelling test. The acrosomes’ integrity was evaluated using FITC-PNA-PI, protamine deficiency using chromomycin A3, and DNA fragmentation testing using the acridine orange fluorescent technique. The results showed that the parameters of sperm motility, viability, abnormality, plasma membrane integrity, and protamine deficiency showed no significant differences in all age groups. The kinematic parameters (straightness and beat cross frequency) of the 3-year-old group were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared with those of the other groups. Parameters of acrosome integrity showed a higher prevalence in the 3-year-old group compared with those of the other groups. Furthermore, the DNA fragmentation of the 12-year-old group was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared with that of the other groups. The research concludes that increasing the age of Limousin bulls can reduce acrosome integrity and DNA fragmentation.
Superconductors are materials with the unique characteristics when the temperature of the material is below its critical temperature, namely zero resistivity. There are many superconducting phenomena ...that need to be explained theoretically. One of them is the effect of addition of impurities on the physical properties of superconducting materials. In this study, the addition of 0.01 Ni magnetic impurities in the Eu2-xCexCuO4+α-δ material has been carried out to form the structure Eu2-xCexCu0.99Ni0.01O4+α-δ, in an under-doped area with a concentration of Ce (x) = 0.09 and 0.10. Material synthesis was carried out by the solid reaction method with prefire at 900 °C for 20 hours, sintering at 1,000 °C for 16 hours, and annealing at 900 °C for 10 hours by flowing argon (Ar) gas. The XRD measurements were carried out to investigate the crystal structure, while the magnetic properties were carried out by SQUID measurement at temperature of 2 K to 30 K. From the XRD measurements, it was found that the crystals formed had a tetragonal crystal structure T’ which was indicated by the appearance of two main peaks with Miller indices (103) and (110), lattice parameter a is 3,904 Å in both samples, lattice c is 11.8752 Å and 11.9738 Å for the concentrations of Ce (x) = 0.09 and 0.10. The volume of unit cells obtained were 181.0178 Å3 and 181.0244 Å3 with the bond distance between Cu-O of 1.9521 Å and 1.9523 Å. It was also obtained that the crystal size were 86.2604 nm and 91.6735 nm. From the SQUID measurement, it was found that the material Eu2-xCexCu0.99Ni0.01O4+α-δ has paramagnetic properties. The value of the effective magnetic moment was decreased by reducing the addition of Ni impurities of 0.0057 and 0.0051.
Abstract
Indonesia is a tropical country that has an abundance of flora. Tamarind or Tamarindus indica is one of the most famous trees and fruit in Indonesia. Now, these plant wastes are starting to ...be processed to be taken by the artisans to be made into powder or powdered tamarind seeds (Gutta Tamarind). Gutta tamarind becomes a substitute for wax or clay used in the batik process. Gutta tamarind is often referred to as cold batik because it does not use a heater like a process commonly found when using clay or better known as batik gutta tamarind. Gutta Tamarind’s exploration as a technique in painting aims to make technical innovations and this tamarind gutta can be used as an aesthetic element in a painting. The research method will be carried out by developing techniques in painting through an exploration of the gutta tamarind medium as a color barrier and showing various artistic breakthroughs generated by the variety of research and exploration of its constituent materials into paintings as a substitute medium for brush strokes. It is hoped that the results of this study will add insight into the use of environmentally friendly plant waste and produce paintings with aesthetic elements and new artistic breakthroughs.
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