The preferential attraction of adult Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) to specific wavelengths was studied in West Bengal, India. A total of 280 collections were made with suction light traps ...fitted with various colours of light emitting diodes (LEDs) placed at cattle sheds during June, August and November in 2017. In addition, the numbers that have been collected in the evening and morning were compared. Locally manufactured suction light traps fitted with ultra violet (UV), blue, green, yellow, pink, red and white LEDs were compared. UV light attracted the highest number of midges followed by blue and then green LED. Culicoides peregrinus Kieffer and Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer were the most abundant followed by Culicoides fulvus Sen and Das Gupta, Culicoides innoxius Sen and Das Gupta, Culicoides anophelis Edwards and Culicoides huffi Causey. The species composition remained similar across the wavelengths. Although significant variations in midge population have been observed across the months, no significant difference in dusk and dawn abundance was noticed. The females showed a mixed population with less parous individuals.
The differential response of livestock associated Culicoides species from the Indian subtropics to UV, blue, green, yellow, pink, red and white LEDs has been determined.
UV light trap has been more efficient in attracting Culicoides anophelis, Culicoides fulvus, Culicoides innoxius, Culicoides oxystoma and Culicoides peregrinus followed by blue and green light trap.
Surveillance of Culicoides was impereative given the host density, vector prevalence and seroprevalence of Bluetongue virus in the region.
Relative abundance, species composition and temporal activity of Culicoides midges were studied for a period of 2 years (2012–2014) using suction ultra violet light traps at two sites located in the ...agriculture heartland of West Bengal, India. Surveillance in close proximity to cattle recorded predominance of five species with C oxystoma and C. peregrinus as the most dominant species followed by C. fulvus, C. innoxius and C. anophelis. The temporal activity of midges was investigated for seven consecutive nights at one site in August‐September, 2012 and the predominant species was Culicoides oxystoma followed by Culicoides peregrinus. All of the species exhibited crepuscular activity with their flight activity increasing from dusk to dawn. Engorged adults constituted dominant age group in collections. Studies on population ecology of the adults midges are of considerable importance predicting for the epidemicity of midge‐borne diseases in cattle.
Seasonal and temporal activity of the Culicoides midges was studied during 2012–2014 using suction ultra violet light trap in cattle sheds in rural areas of West Bengal.
Seasonal abundance pattern of six species in chronological manner was C. oxystoma, C. peregrinus, C. fulvus, C. innoxius, C. anophelis and C. huffi among which C. oxystoma, C. peregrinus, C. fulvus are the suspected potent vectors of BTV.
Regarding temporal activity, variations were observed in terms of Culicoides species and time period of sampling between dusk and dawn and revealed C. oxystoma as crepuscular and most abundant species.
Strontium and Neodymium isotopic analysis of the lithogenic fractions of the hole U1445A (International Ocean Discovery Program‐353) collected from the deep‐water end of the Mahanadi basin (western ...Bay of Bengal) was carried out to evaluate the sediment sources as well as to understand the link between the temporal variations in the Sr‐Nd isotope ratios and climatic and tectonic forcings during the last 6 Ma. The Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions along with Fe/Al ratios and clay mineralogy show tell‐tale signature of Ganga‐Brahmaputra sedimentation (Bengal fan) in the study area. The significant temporal fluctuations observed in the Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions suggest variation in the relative sediment contribution by the Ganga and Brahmaputra river systems, which in turn are controlled by monsoon intensity variations coupled with orographic effect, glaciation, and multiple tectonic activities. The results show the marked influence of glacial‐interglacials on the relative sediment contribution by Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers during 0–1.8 Ma, while the sedimentation during the 1.8–6 Ma time window was likely influenced by both climatic and tectonic forcings such as uplift of the Shillong plateau, eastern syntaxis development of Indo‐Burma wedge, reorganization of Brahmaputra river system. The present study is the first high resolution (122 samples within 6 Ma) Sr‐Nd isotope ratio analysis from the Bengal Fan. The study has brought to light multiple isotope fluctuations linked to climatic and tectonic forcings. The work also establishes dominant control of Ganga‐Brahmaputra sedimentation along the deep waters of the Indian east coast.
Key Points
Sediments deposited in the deep waters of eastern Indian margins are predominantly derived from the Himalayas
Temporal variations observed in Sr‐Nd isotope ratios indicate variation in relative sediment contribution by Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers
Monsoonal Intensity variation and tectonic processes control the sediment flux and sediment provenance in the Bengal fan sediments
Microbially mediated anaebic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled with sulfate consumption within the sulfate methane transition zone (SMTZ) in marine sediments is a widely recorded biogeochemical ...reaction and has profound influence on the atmospheric CH4budget, marine carbon cycle and composition of sediment pore fluids. Recognizing the paleo‐SMTZs in the marine sediments/rock records can throw light on the variation of paleo‐methane fluxes and occurrences of cold seep (H2S + CH4) events through geologic time. Here, we present results from carbonate carbon, pyrite sulfur and molybdenum analyses for two sediment cores overlying the methane hydrate deposits in the Bay of Bengal. The results show intimate association of isotopically depleted carbonate carbon and enriched pyrite sulfur, constraining the paleo SMTZ within the sediment column. In addition, anomalous enrichments of Mo concentrations indicate hydrogen sulfide seepage events. Here, we propose a geochemical tool using C‐S‐Mo sytematics to decipher the paleo‐SMTZs in marine sediments and rocks.
Key Points
Enriched sulfur isotope in sulfate methane transition zone (SMTZ)
Depleted carbonate carbon isotope in SMTZ
Mo concentration anomaly due to H2S seepage
Constructions of Rank Modulation Codes Mazumdar, A.; Barg, A.; Zemor, G.
IEEE transactions on information theory,
02/2013, Letnik:
59, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Rank modulation is a way of encoding information to correct errors in flash memory devices as well as impulse noise in transmission lines. Modeling rank modulation involves construction of packings ...of the space of permutations equipped with the Kendall tau distance. As our main set of results, we present several general constructions of codes in permutations that cover a broad range of code parameters. In particular, we show a number of ways in which conventional error-correcting codes can be modified to correct errors in the Kendall space. Our constructions are nonasymptotic and afford simple encoding and decoding algorithms of essentially the same complexity as required to correct errors in the Hamming metric. As an example, from binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem codes, we obtain codes correcting t Kendall errors in n memory cells that support the order of n !/(log 2 n !) t messages, for any constant t =1,2,... We give many examples of rank modulation codes with specific parameters. Turning to asymptotic analysis, we construct families of rank modulation codes that correct a number of errors that grows with n at varying rates, from Θ( n ) to Θ( n 2 ). One of our constructions gives rise to a family of rank modulation codes for which the tradeoff between the number of messages and the number of correctable Kendall errors approaches the optimal scaling rate.
The Krishna–Godavari and Mahanadi rivers drain the east coast of India and deposit the sediment load into the Krishna–Godavari and Mahanadi offshore basins along the western margin of the Bay of ...Bengal. Here we report the bulk major, trace and rare earth element (REE) compositions and clay mineralogy of the fine grained sediments from the cores collected on board JOIDES Resolution and Marion Dufresne as part of India's gas hydrate program. The geochemical composition and clay mineralogy of sediments have been used to constrain the provenance. The results show that the Mahanadi sediments are primarily derived from the felsic rocks belonging to the late Archean-early Proterozoic peninsular gneissic complexes, whereas the Krishna–Godavari sediments are derived from the mixing of late Archean-early Proterozoic peninsular gneissic complexes and Late Cretaceous Deccan basalt sources. This paper presents the first comparative analysis of provenance of the Krishna–Godavari (K–G) and Mahanadi offshore basin sediments. The sediment geochemistry enables distinction of specific contributing sources, which could potentially be related to modern climatic and geomorphological conditions. The present study could also provide the opportunity for high resolution paleoclimatic analysis using clay mineralogical contents and weathering indices (Haughton et al., 1991).
Display omitted
•K–G basin sediments are derived from the Deccan basalts and granitic complex.•Mahanadi sediments are derived primarily from the granitic complex.•The negative Eu anomaly in Mahanadi suggests primarily granitic provenance.•Insignificant Eu anomaly in K–G sediments shows contribution of Deccan basalts.•Positive Ce anomaly in the K–G sediments is attributed to weathering/diagenesis.
In the present study, we have investigated the C–S–Fe systematics in a sediment core (MD161‐13) from the Krishna‐Godavari (K‐G) basin, Bay of Bengal. The core covers the late Holocene period with ...high overall sedimentation rate of ∼573 cm kyr−1. Pore fluid chemical analyses indicate that the depth of the present sulfate methane transition zone (SMTZ) is at ∼6 mbsf. The (ΔTA + ΔCa + ΔMg)/
ΔSO42− ratios suggest that both organoclastic degradation and anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) drive sulfate reduction at the study site. The positive correlation between total organic carbon content (TOC) and chromium reducible sulfur (CRS) content indicates marked influence of organoclastic sulfate reduction on sulfidization. Coupled occurrence of 34S‐enriched iron sulfide (pyrite) with 12C‐enriched authigenic carbonate zones is the possible records of paleo‐sulfate methane transition zones where AOM‐driven‐focused sulfate reduction was likely fueled by sustained high methane flux from underlying gas‐rich zone. Aluminum normalized poorly reactive iron (FePR/Al) and La/Yb ratios suggest increasing contribution from Deccan basalts relative to that of Archean‐Proterozoic granitic complex in sediment flux of Krishna‐Godavari basin during the last 4 kyr.
Key Points:
Pore water chemistry indicate AOM and organoclastic sulfate reduction
AOM and organoclastic sulfate reduction influences delta 34SCRS values
Deccan basalt and APGC contributed reactive iron in K‐G basin
The unique hydrographic setting of the Bay of Bengal (BoB) makes it an ideal tropical marine system to study the influence of regional and global forcings on productivity and CO
through the late ...quaternary. Enormous fresh water flux into the BoB and consequent salinity stratification significantly weaken the convective mixing and wind driven processes which are commonly responsible for transport of nutrients to the euphotic zone driving primary productivity. Here we present a high resolution organic carbon-CaCO
MAR and δ
C
records for the last 300 ky from the BoB. The results show significant productivity variation at marine isotope sub-stages and millennial timescales. Colder sub-stages and stadials (Dansgard-Oeschger cycle) show a boost in productivity which may be attributed to thinning of low salinity cap, thereby facilitating efficient nutrient transport across the euphotic zone by the combination of wind driven processes (entrainment and upwelling), convective mixing and cold core eddies. The CO
was a net result of global pCO
variation and regional processes. Our long term high-resolution data indicates a possibility of marked change in productivity/biogeochemistry of BOB in the future due to global warming, thus affecting the coastal economy.
Abstract
Advancement in technology has made a new sphere of geospatial exploration. Application of geoinformatics in Landuse and Landcover study has made quantitative analysis most clear. ...Urbanization process is an inevitable factor in developing countries like India. Last 30 years eastern India has also been changed itself in terms of urban development. Kolkata and Bhubaneswar are two most important cities in eastern India where urban growth has taken place rapidly. Landuse and landcover pattern has also changed here with time. Urbanization process of both cities has been identified using satellite images taken from USGS. Applying satellite images, this paper has investigated about the urban green spaces that has been changed with time also depth of urbanization has been studied to find out an overall ecological balance in these cities. Different LULC classes has been chosen to define the ecology. Details about landscape matrices has been applied which are necessary to get the result. Urban Index (UI), Urban expansion index (UX) and Urban green index (UGI) has been used to calculate and compare results with both the cities. Geospatial analysis has been processed maintain time interval of 15 years to better understand the change that affected on land with time. Kolkata is one of the most urbanized cities as it has large history of urbanization whereas Bhubaneswar is also has developed with time, it has been selected as smart city for maintaining a holistic growth approach. Quantitative analysis and application of LecoS made the results more specific and appropriate to understand the actual relationship between growth of cities and greenspace towards sustainability.
Introduction Sexual orientation is one’s romantic preference of attraction, may it be towards the same gender or the opposite. Since ages, lot of communities have considered orientation other than ...heterosexuality as a taboo. Possession Trance disorder is a trance state in which there is a marked alteration in the individual’s state of consciousness and customary sense of personal identity is replaced by an external ‘possessing’ identity and in which the individual’s behavior and movements are experienced as being controlled by the possessing agent as per ICD 11. While lot of theories for such disorder are established, core of each theory lies at an unconscious underlying conflict that is not acceptable by individual’s psyche. Here is an interesting case of 30yrs old homosexual female having possession trance disorder. Objectives To discuss a rare case of possession trance disorder due to unconscious conflict secondary to unexpressed sexual orientation. Methods A 30yrs old married female patient diagnosed with Possession Trance disorder as per ICD-11 was on treatment for the same since 3 yrs without improvement. She used to get possession episodes by a religious leader for few hours and would preach to his followers during such episodes. Later she was admitted in indoor facility to understand and explore her illness so as to provide an effective management. After serial interview with the patient and her relatives it was discovered that she had sexual orientation towards females(homosexual). Later on, during the course it was found that patient was attracted to a female disciple of that religious leader and to spend time with her, she used to get possession episodes. This however was not acceptable socio-culturally and by patient herself. This lead to lot of conflicts and dysfunctional marital life with husband. To begin with, patient was unable to accept this fact and reported intense guilt for the same. After serial psychotherapy sessions and pharmacotherapy, she improved significantly. Family based interventions for comprehensive improvement were carried out and the patient was discharged with significant improvement. Results Discussion: Lot of communities still has immense stigma against homosexual orientation, at times upto extent to consider it to be some mental illness or supernatural interference. This leads to severe psychological trauma to the person and gives rise to inner conflicts in accepting the true self. This emphasizes a need to develop awareness amongst the communities. Conclusions This was an interesting rare case highlighting the need for community based interventions to normalize issues related to human sexuality. There is a need to bring awareness and involvement of community to improve mental health of individual as well as community. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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