Stomach cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers. The success of special methods of treatment are still disappointing in this disease, and stomach cancer has historically been ...considered a tumor refractory to treatment. Therefore, this category of patients, especially in the stage of dissemination, in most cases, palliative therapy is recommended. In recent years, the use of systemic chemotherapy and targeted therapy has led to a significant improvement in the quality of life and survival rates for stomach cancer compared to palliative therapy. However, significant progress in diagnostic methods over the past two decades has made it possible and possible to review approaches to the treatment of many cancer diseases that are refractory to chemotherapy. The last 2 decades, due to improved methods of diagnosis have allowed to revise approaches to the treatment of many refractory to chemotherapy of neoplastic diseases. In particular, the literature describes cases of revision and changes due to pre-existing diagnosis of IHC Research (carcinoid, NEO, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer). This communication allows to share their own long experience of observation and treatment of a patient with a rare form of stomach cancer – lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma.
Symptoms of crown gall were observed in 9 of 15 surveyed vineyards located along Black Sea coast of Russia. Sampled tumor tissue was placed in a mortar and pestle for maceration. Serial dilutions of ...the resulting suspension were plated onto RS medium described by Roy and Sasser (1983). Isolation plates were incubated for 5 days at 28degreesC until bacteria developed. Colonies were consistent with morphology expected of Agrobacterium spp. On RS medium (opaque red center, translucent margin, mucoid) were purified on yeast dextrose calcium carbonate agar (YDC). Sixty-nine putative Agrobacterium isolates were confirmed by PCR with consensus primers virD2A/2C from the virD2 gene (Haas et al. 1995). Isolates-identified by PCR and producing tumors on indicator plants (carrot, red beet, sunflower) and on grapevine plants in 30 days after needle prick inoculation-were subjected to additional biochemical and physiological tests for Agrobacterium spp. (Moore et al. 2001). The tests included evaluation of 3-ketolactose production, alkaline reaction in litmus milk, growth on 2% and 5% NaCl, growth at 36degreesC, acid production from erythritol and melezitose, and alkali production from malonic acid and l-tartaric acid. Bacteria reisolated from inoculated grapevine plants were similar to original isolates in PCR test and 3-ketolactose production. The PGF/PGR primers amplifying the chromosomal polygalacturonase gene pehA(Szegedi and Bottka 2002) were used to identify A. vitis isolates and differentiate them from A. tumefaciens. Based on PCR, 18 of 69 tested isolates belonged to A. vitis and showed results of biochemical tests consisted with this species. In addition, for nine isolates, DNA sequence analysis of the housekeeping genes dnaK and trpE confirmed the isolates as A. vitis(Aujoulat et al. 2011). Sequences were deposited in GenBank as Accessions Nos. KT831413 to KT831421 for the dnaK gene and KT831422 to KT831430 for the trpE gene. Sequences were compared with corresponding genes of sequenced strain Agrobacterium vitis S4 (Accession No. CP000633.1). BLAST analysis revealed 99% homology for dnaK and 100% homology for trpE gene. This is the first documented Russian record of Agrobacterium vitis.
The article describes opportunities and results of laparoscopic oesophagocardiomiotomy and laparoscopic transhiatal oesophagus removal without hand assistance in esophageal achalasia (cardiospasm). ...In total, such operations were performed in 196 and 31 of cases (of 423 patients), respectively. There were minimal numbers of relapses (below 2.3%) after laparoscopic oesophagocardiomiotomy done by the proposed technique. All cases of reflux esophagitis were diagnosed after esophagocardiomiotomy with Dor fundoplication.After cardiodilatation, disease relapses were registered in 57% of patients. The advantages of a laparoscopic access for oesophagectomy are shown and technical particular of this intervention are analyzed based on a case history. The principles of Fast track surgery in this patient category are discussed that allow for reduction of the length of hospital stay by 40%.
The results of treatment of Barrett's oesophagus diagnosed in 22 (9.2%) of 238 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease and hiatal hernia are presented. A high degree dysplasia was ...found in 54.5% (12/22) of patients. All patients were administered combination therapy with proton pump inhibitors, prokinetics, third generation H2 histamine receptor blockers for 3 to 4 weeks. If no regress of dysplasia was obtained, Barrett's epithelium was removed by a holmium laser (14 patients). The advantages of a laparoscopic fundoplication technique proposed by the authors in the treatment of Barrett's oesophagus were shown. This surgical intervention reliably prevents the gastroesophageal reflux that has led to the development of this disease.
Some drugs used in chemotherapy of patients with malignant tumors, together with the definite efficiency, is capable of inducing some side effects. In particular, while using capecytabin, development ...of severe complication – palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia – is quite possible. Our own observation of this complication is presented in the article.
Background: Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung (NETL) are a wide range of tumors with various malignancy grades and prognosis. Despite their prevalence being 20 to 25% of all lung cancers, many ...aspects that impact their clinical course and prognosis are not well understood. Aim – to identify morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of various NETL types would that more accurately reflect their biological potential and allow for prediction of their unfavorable clinical outcomes. Materials and methods: We performed immunohistochemical assessment of the diagnostic biopsies and surgical specimens from 152 patients with NETL aged 53 ± 13 years and identified 49 typical carcinoids, 32 atypical carcinoids, 60 small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and 11 large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, which accounted for 32.2, 21.1, 39.5 and 7.2%, respectively. Markers of neuroendocrine differentiation, such as synaptophysin, chromogranin A and CD56, as well as cytokeratins 7 and 19, thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), and Ki67 were used. The results were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square test (χ²), and post-hoc comparisons with the Bonferroni correction. Results: Most often, the expression of cytokeratins 7 and 19 was found in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (72.7 and 90.9%, respectively), less frequently, in atypical carcinoids and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (50 and 53.3%; 41.7 and 64.6% of cases, respectively), whereas in typical carcinoids it was rare (5.9 and 15.9%, respectively). The rates of cytokeratin 7 and 19 expression were significantly lower in the typical carcinoids, compared to the atypical carcinoids, small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (р < 0.05, χ²). The expression of cytokeratin 19 was significantly more common for large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, than for small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and atypical carcinoids (р < 0.01, χ²). The expression of TTF-1 was very rare in the typical carcinoid cells (6.5% of cases) and significantly more often in atypical carcinoids (61.5%) and in small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (82.7 and 77.8% of cases, respectively). TTF-1 expression was significantly less frequent in typical than in atypical carcinoids, small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (р < 0.01, χ²). The mean index of tumor cell proliferation (Ki67) was the lowest in typical carcinoids (2.6%), amounted to 12% in atypical carcinoids, to 44% in large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas and reached the maximum of 61% in small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. There were significant differences in the mean Ki67 index in the NETL 4 groups (р < 0.001, ANOVA). Conclusion: Expression of TTF-1, cytokeratin 7 and 19 in the neuroendocrine tumors of the lung is characteristic for a less differentiated cell immunophenotype and allows for identification of the risk group with unfavorable clinical outcome among low-grade typical and atypical carcinoids.
The literature review is devoted to the analysis of different approaches in the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors since they have been classified as a separate nasological group. The ...current trends of targeted therapies for gastrointestinal stromal tumors have been presented.
In the review, the life cycles and mutualistic relations within the nematode-bacteria associations are analyzed: nematodes
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
(PWN) with bacteria
Pseudomonas fluorescens, ...Bacillus
spp.,
Burkholderia arboris
; entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) of the genera
Steinernema
and
Heterorhabditis
with bacteria of the genera
Xenorhabdus
and
Photorhabdus
. The life cycles of PWN and EPN show traits of the primary detrital trophism. Both cycles include invasion of the living host and are completed with death of the host, which is an obligate condition for dispersal of the nematodes and their associated bacteria. Nematodes and bacteria stimulate each other to reproduce fast; the diverse forms of their interactions are considered, including direct and indirect ones (via the plant or insect host). Bacteria of both mutualistic associations produce siderophores and antibiotics that prevent reproduction of other pathogenic and putrefactive microorganisms. Ectosymbiotic bacteria of PWN may be recruited into the association from among the inhabitants of the mucous cover of the nematode body, as well as from the pathogenic bacterial biota of local conifers; thus the PWN and bacteria are facultative synergists in the phytopathogenic process. Endosymbiotic bacteria of EPN are not capable of independent life; they have developed obligate associations with highly specific nematode hosts.
Surveys of forests and stockpiled timber of pine, spruce, larch, and silver fir in 14 administrative subjects of the Russian Federation revealed widespread occurrence of the coniferous wood parasitic ...nematode
Bursaphelenchus mucronatus
. Twenty species of bacteria belonging to 13 genera have been detected in 25
B. mucronatus
isolates, and their identity has been determined by direct sequencing of the 16S RNA gene. The most frequently occurring were bacteria from the genera
Pseudomonas
,
Stenotrophomonas
,
Pantoea
,
Bacillus
,
Burkholderia
, and
Serratia
. Prevalence of
Pseudomonas brenneri
and
P. fluorescence
, which were also found in the nematode dauer larva (L
IV
) isolated from the fir sawyer beetle
Monochamus urussovi
, have also been assessed. Two nematode
B. xylophilus
isolates from Portugal and one isolate from the United States have been examined, and 10 symbiotic bacteria species have been isolated, including
Agrobacterium tumefacience
,
P. fluorescens
,
P. brenneri
,
Rahnella aquatilis
,
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
,
S. rhizophila
, and
Yersinia mollaretii
.
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