In this phase 3 study involving patients with HCV genotype 1, 2, 4, 5, or 6 infection, including those with compensated cirrhosis, treatment with 12 weeks of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir resulted in a ...sustained virologic response in 99% of patients.
The hepatitis C virus (HCV), a single-stranded RNA virus of the family Flaviviridae with six major genotypes, infects up to 150 million people worldwide.
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Chronic HCV infection causes progressive liver fibrosis, which can lead to cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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As many as half a million people die annually from liver disease associated with chronic HCV infection.
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In recent years, the development of drugs that directly interfere with HCV replication has revolutionized HCV treatment. There are now effective combinations of direct-acting antiviral agents for most patients, but in choosing an appropriate regimen, clinicians must take into account . . .
In two phase 3 trials involving patients with hepatitis C virus infection, including those with cirrhosis, 12 weeks of sofosbuvir–velpatasvir resulted in a sustained virologic response in 99% of ...patients with genotype 2 and 95% of those with genotype 3.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes 2 and 3 account for an estimated 35% of global HCV infections, affecting up to 58 million persons.
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Unlike HCV genotype 1, genotypes 2 and 3 are common in low-income regions in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe.
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Before the advent of direct-acting antiviral agents, HCV genotypes 2 and 3 were grouped together in treatment guidelines as “easy-to-treat” genotypes. However, recent studies have shown that HCV genotype 3 is associated with more rapid disease progression and lower rates of response to treatment than is HCV genotype 2, especially in patients with cirrhosis . . .
•Binders modified with polymer and wax were studied.•The mixing temperature was evaluated through the equiviscous method.•Short Term Aging procedure was studied with RTFOT at 163°C and mixing ...temperature.•Rheological and chemical properties of unaged and aged bitumens were studied.
This work is based on the characterization of road materials that combine high performance and reduction of the environmental impact during road construction and maintenance. In particular polymer modified bitumens with and without wax additives have been studied. The first increase the elasto-plasticity of the mixture, increasing its durability and fatigue resistance. As for the second the presence of paraffinic additive reduces the bitumen viscosity and consequently the asphalt mixing and compaction temperatures.
A number of studies have shown that the mechanical characteristics of pavement are strongly influenced by the oxidation degree of the organic components of the bitumen during mixing and compaction phases. This phenomenon is known as short-term aging.
Binders modified with polymer and wax were analyzed according to the viscoelasticity theory and different aging conditions were simulated. Tests of advanced rheological characterization were carried out by using the Dynamic Shear Rheometer and the short-term aging was simulated by Rolling Thin Film Oven Test. A new procedure of bitumen aging at the equiviscous temperature or Tmixing was proposed. Further rheological tests on aged binders were carried out at this temperature. The results have been supported by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) analytical chemical tests, analyzing the molecular changes on the aged binders. The standard temperature of 163°C does not correctly simulate the short term aging of polymer modified and waxes bitumens.
•A 3D DEM approach was developed to predict bitumen complex modulus and phase angle.•The particle interaction at microscale was simulated with a Burger contact model.•Microscale response was analyzed ...by contact forces with their internal distribution.
The mechanical performance of an asphalt mixture is largely dependent on the material properties of its components and the way they are reciprocally interacting. Asphalt binder plays a very significant role because it displays a time and temperature dependent behavior that is characteristic of a viscoelastic material.
An understanding of the contacts mechanisms of the system through a 3D micromechanical model provides insight into the macroscale material behavior, and guides its design and performance prediction.
Based on such considerations, a micromechanical based three-dimensional discrete element approach was used in order to capture the time-dependent behavior usually studied with the Dynamic Shear Rheometer analysis.
The results, obtained comparing the numerical simulation of a frequency sweep test with a laboratory one, show that the adopted approach is found to be successful in predicting, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the complex modulus and the phase angle of the studied polymer modified bitumen, over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies. In addition the microstructural analysis has permitted to evaluate the internal forces configuration induced by shear stress in the specimen.
Summary
The current COVID‐19 pandemic is caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 coronavirus. The initial recognized symptoms were respiratory, sometimes culminating in severe respiratory distress requiring ...ventilation, and causing death in a percentage of those infected. As time has passed, other symptoms have been recognized. The initial reports of cutaneous manifestations were from Italian dermatologists, probably because Italy was the first European country to be heavily affected by the pandemic. The overall clinical presentation, course and outcome of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children differ from those in adults as do the cutaneous manifestations of childhood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19 in children after thorough and critical review of articles published in the literature and from the personal experience of a large panel of paediatric dermatologists in Europe. In Part 1, we discuss one of the first and most widespread cutaneous manifestation of COVID‐19, chilblain‐like lesions. In Part 2, we review other manifestations, including erythema multiforme, urticaria and Kawasaki disease‐like inflammatory multisystemic syndrome, while in Part 3, we discuss the histological findings of COVID‐19 manifestations, and the testing and management of infected children, for both COVID‐19 and any other pre‐existing conditions.
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Skin manifestations of COVID‐19 in children: Part 2 Andina, D.; Belloni‐Fortina, A.; Bodemer, C. ...
Clinical and experimental dermatology,
April 2021, 2021-Apr, 2021-04-00, 20210401, 2021-04, Letnik:
46, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Summary
The current COVID‐19 pandemic is caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 coronavirus. The initial recognized symptoms were respiratory, sometimes culminating in severe respiratory distress requiring ...ventilation, and causing death in a percentage of those infected. As time has passed, other symptoms have been recognized. The initial reports of cutaneous manifestations were from Italian dermatologists, probably because Italy was the first European country to be heavily affected by the pandemic. The overall clinical presentation, course and outcome of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children differ from those in adults, as do the cutaneous manifestations of childhood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19 in children after thorough and critical review of articles published in the literature and from the personal experience of a large panel of paediatric dermatologists in Europe. In Part 1, we discussed one of the first and most widespread cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19, chilblain‐like lesions. In this part of the review, we describe other manifestations, including erythema multiforme, urticaria and Kawasaki disease‐like inflammatory multisystemic syndrome. In Part 3, we discuss the histological findings of COVID‐19 manifestations, and the testing and management of infected children for both COVID‐19 and any other pre‐existing conditions.
Click here for the corresponding questions to this CME article.
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•A 3D DEM approach was adopted to predict mastics complex modulus and phase angle.•Macroscale response was analyzed by temperature sweep and Multiple Stress Creep Recovery ...tests.•Microscale response was analyzed by contact forces inside the specimens and spheres displacements.
Cold recycling with bitumen emulsion represents one of the most attractive pavements rehabilitation methods. This technique has increased its popularity because it combines environmental and economical efficiency to the production of bituminous layers of adequate strength.
The binder matrix obtained from this application is generally represented by mastic of bitumen, cement and filler. The percentage of these three elements affects the mixture performance in terms of stiffness, fatigue and rutting resistance as well as durability.
The main purpose of this study is to evaluate how cement and limestone filler contents affect the rutting response of mastics. Laboratory testing and 3D Discrete Element Method were performed using different percentages of filler and cement, keeping constant the overall volume fraction of both compared to the total volume of the mastic samples.
Temperature sweep and Multiple Stress Creep Recovery tests were implemented to study the behavior of mastics in terms of permanent deformation by shear stress.
Summary
The current COVID‐19 pandemic is caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 coronavirus. The initial recognized symptoms were respiratory, sometimes culminating in severe respiratory distress requiring ...ventilation, and causing death in a percentage of those infected. As time has passed, other symptoms have been recognized. The initial reports of cutaneous manifestations were from Italian dermatologists, probably because Italy was the first European country to be heavily affected by the pandemic. The overall clinical presentation, course and outcome of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children differ from those in adults as do the cutaneous manifestations of childhood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19 in children after thorough and critical review of articles published in the literature and from the personal experience of a large panel of paediatric dermatologists in Europe. In Part 1, we discuss one of the first and most widespread cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19, chilblain‐like lesions, and in Part 2 we expanded to other manifestations, including erythema multiforme, urticaria and Kawasaki disease‐like inflammatory multisystemic syndrome. In this part of the review, we discuss the histological findings of COVID‐19 manifestations, and the testing and management of infected children for both COVID‐19 and any other pre‐existing conditions.
Click here for the corresponding questions to this CME article.
COVID-19 toes represent the main dermatological COVID-19 cutaneous manifestation in pediatric patients. Its diagnosis exposes the whole family to social stigma and this aspect was not previously ...evaluated.
This was a multicenter, case-control, observational study that compared the family impact of COVID-19 toes vs. psoriasis (PsO). We enrolled 46 pediatric patients (23 with psoriasis and 23 with COVID-19 toes, age and gender matched) and their parents/caregivers that had to fill the Dermatitis Family Impact (DFI) questionnaire.
DFI index did not differ significantly between both subgroups (p=0.48), and in psoriatic patients did not correlate with both Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) (p=0.59) and itch-VAS (p=0.16).
COVID-19 toes, a transitory dermatosis, exerted a similar impact/perturbation on family dynamics than PsO, a well-known stigmatizing, chronic inflammatory dermatosis.
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