Survivin in Glioblastomas Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B. K.; Heinz, David; McCarthy, Paul J. ...
Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine (1976),
07/2003, Letnik:
127, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract
Context.—Survivin is a novel inhibitor of apoptosis that acts via a pathway independent of bcl-2. Little is known about its distribution in brain tumors or how it correlates with other ...biomarkers of malignancy, such as telomerase, an enzyme that plays a critical role in cellular immortalization and cancer biology.
Objectives.—To assess survivin protein expression in gliomas and to compare expression with that of telomerase.
Design.—Immunohistochemical staining for survivin protein expression was performed using an antibody developed in our laboratory. Quantitative survivin messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. In selected cases, survivin results were compared with quantitative telomerase values analyzed by polymerase chain reaction–based telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Twenty-five tumor tissue samples from 16 cases of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; including multiple tissue samples in 6 patients), 2 grade II gliomas, 4 grade III gliomas, and 3 control temporal lobectomy specimens were studied.
Results.—Nuclear immunoreactivity for survivin protein and survivin mRNA were detectable in most glioma samples, regardless of grade. Glioblastoma multiforme demonstrated moderate protein expression and survivin mRNA levels compared to epithelial malignancies previously tested in our laboratory. Although the association of survivin mRNA with the levels of telomerase within the GBM cases did not reach statistical significance, most GBMs also expressed survivin. The quantitative score for survivin mRNA was higher in GBMs than in grade II and III gliomas (P = .02), after accounting for multiple specimens per patient.
Conclusions.—Quantitative survivin mRNA analysis, but not immunohistochemistry, distinguished GBMs from lower grade gliomas. Mechanisms that promote both cell proliferation (telomerase expression) and cell survival (survivin expression) are often activated in GBMs.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Purpose: Aortofemoral bypass (AFB) is a durable reconstruction; however, graft limb occlusion occurs in 10% to 20% of patients and results in limb ischemia. Treatment of AFB limb occlusion has been ...debated, but many recommended femorofemoral bypass (FFB). FFB grafts have had excellent patency rates. The durability of FFB specifically for AFB limb occlusion has not been reported. This study retrospectively examined a 10-year experience with FFB for AFB limb occlusion to determine FFB performance.
Methods: Between 1982 and 1992, FFB was performed on occluded AFB limbs in 22 patients (14 men and 8 women). Reoperation was performed for disabling claudication in five cases, but the remaining 17 patients (77%) had critical limb ischemia. FFB originated from the contralateral patent AFB limb in all cases. Distal anastomosis was to the common femoral artery (
n = 8) or the profunda femoris (
n = 14). FFB graft patency was confirmed by direct Doppler arterial examination over a mean follow-up of 47 months.
Results: The cumulative life-table primary patency rate of FFB was 54% at 5 years. Reoperative procedures performed in nine cases resulted in a secondary patency rate of 84% at 5 years. The limb salvage rate was also 84% at 5 years, reflecting the impact of successful reoperation. Major amputations (two below-knee, one above-knee) were necessary in only three cases. There were no perioperative deaths after FFB, and the cumulative 5-year survival rate was 77%.
Conclusion : Aortic graft limb occlusion occurs less frequently than failure of infrainguinal grafts making the success of specific reoperative strategies difficult to document reliably. This study suggests that FFB is a safe and durable alternative for AFB limb failure. An aggressive policy of reoperation has resulted in successful extension of FFB graft function and an excellent rate of limb salvage. (J V
ASC S
URG 1994;19:851-7.)
We present the first release of the MaNGA Stellar Library (MaStar), which is a large, well-calibrated, high-quality empirical library covering the wavelength range of 3,622-10,354A at a resolving ...power of R~1800. The spectra were obtained using the same instrument as used by the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) project, by piggybacking on the SDSS-IV/APOGEE-2N observations. Compared to previous empirical libraries, the MaStar library will have a higher number of stars and a more comprehensive stellar-parameter coverage, especially of cool dwarfs, low-metallicity stars, and stars with different alpha/Fe, achieved by a sophisticated target selection strategy that takes advantage of stellar-parameter catalogs from the literature. This empirical library will provide a new basis for stellar population synthesis, and is particularly well-suited for stellar-population analysis of MaNGA galaxies. The first version of the library contains 8646 high-quality per-visit spectra for 3321 unique stars. Compared to photometry, the relative flux calibration of the library is accurate to 3.9% in g-r, 2.7% in r-i, and 2.2% in i-z. The data are released as part of Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 15. We expect the final release of the library to contain more than 10,000 stars.
The new millennium ushers in changes for refiners of automobile gasoline in the United States, as well as for the state and federal regulators who establish guidelines for gasoline formulation and ...environmental regulation governing the fate of gasoline-related chemicals in the nation's air, soil and groundwater. One current issue in the gasoline formulation debate centers on the comparison of the proven benefits of the addition of chemical oxygenates—especially methyltert -butyl ether (MTBE)—to gasoline (to improve tailpipe emission quality) against the presumed environmental problems caused by the presence of oxygenates in ground- and surface waters due to fugitive releases of gasoline. Credible debate on this subject presumes that current and past environmental monitoring data for MTBE in environmental samples is accurate and precise. Experience suggests that this assumption is not correct, in part because certain analytical methodologies—particularly older methods supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency—can fall short of reasonable data quality goals for measurement of MTBE. This Technical Note summarizes the standard EPA methods available to site investigators who need to measure MTBE in environmental media, the limitations and advantages of these measurement techniques, and recommendations for improving these standard EPA methods to yield the highest quality MTBE environmental residue data.
Sol-gel derived PLZT, including PbTiO
3
, PbLaTiO
3
28, PLZT 9/65/35 and PZT 53/47 films were prepared on platinized substrates. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the films were measured ...at 260K -580K. The values of polarization, coercive field dielectric constant and dissipation factor in these films typically increased with increasing temperature. The changes in dielectric properties of the films with temperature were not sharp unlike the transitions in single crystals or bulk ceramics. The pyroelectric coefficients, on the other hand, decreased monotonically with increasing temperature in all these films.
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