In older persons without known cardiovascular disease, the use of low-dose aspirin resulted in a significantly higher risk of major hemorrhage and did not result in a significantly lower risk of ...cardiovascular disease than placebo.
After a median follow-up of 4.7 years, there were 1.6 more deaths per 1000 person-years among healthy older adults who were randomly assigned to receive aspirin than among those who received placebo. ...Cancer-related death accounted for much of the excess mortality.
In a trial comparing 100 mg of aspirin with placebo in nearly 20,000 community-dwelling persons 70 years of age or older in Australia and the United States, aspirin use had no effect on the rate of ...survival free from dementia or physical disability.
Objective
We review the published cases of clozapine‐induced myocarditis and describe reasons for the higher incidence in Australia (>1%) than elsewhere (<0.1%).
Method
Medline was searched to ...September 2014 using ‘clozapine’ as the sole term.
Results
A total of around 250 cases of clozapine‐induced myocarditis have been published. Fever among patients commencing clozapine has been reported internationally, and very few of these cases were investigated for myocarditis. The time to onset of fever is consistent with its being part of a prodrome of undiagnosed myocarditis, and the risk factors are similar to those for myocarditis. In more severe cases, clozapine is discontinued, avoiding fatalities which may occur with myocarditis. Furthermore, cases of sudden death and respiratory illness may well have been undiagnosed myocarditis. The diagnosis of myocarditis is confounded by the non‐specific nature of the signs and symptoms, and it depends on appropriate investigations being conducted at the time of myocardial involvement or, for fatal cases, the affected area of the myocardium being sampled for histology.
Conclusion
It is likely that the incidence of myocarditis is around 3%. Implementation of monitoring procedures will increase case ascertainment and result in more patients benefiting from this valuable medication.
Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) is a common invasive infection encountered in the pediatric population. In addition to the acute illness, AHO has the potential to create long-term morbidity ...and functional limitations. While a number of pathogens may cause AHO,
is the most common organism identified. Despite the frequency of this illness, little high-quality data exist to guide providers in the care of these patients. The literature is reviewed regarding the epidemiology, microbiology and management of AHO in children. A framework for empiric therapy is provided drawing from the available literature and published guidelines.
X-ray free-electron lasers McNeil, Brian W. J; Thompson, Neil R
Nature photonics,
12/2010, Letnik:
4, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
With intensities 108 -1010 times greater than other laboratory sources, X-ray free-electron lasers are currently opening up new frontiers across many areas of science. In this Review we describe how ...these unconventional lasers work, discuss the range of new sources being developed worldwide, and consider how such X-ray sources may develop over the coming years.
The recent discovery of a living, controlled chain-growth method for synthesizing π-conjugated polymers has ignited the field and led to the development of many new materials. This Perspective ...focuses on the mechanistic underpinnings of the synthetic transformation, highlighting the controversial hypotheses and supporting data. A critical analysis of the literature revealed that the monomer scope remains largely limited to electron-rich monomers at this time. Last, a brief overview of some exciting new materials accessed via this method is provided.
Dietary patterns may be related to quality of life (QoL) of older adults, although evidence from literature is conflicting. The demographic shifts toward ageing populations in many countries ...increases the importance of understanding the relationship between diet and QoL in older adults. This review was designed to investigate associations between dietary patterns and QoL in older adults. The systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Eight electronic databases were searched to identify articles published in English from January 1975 to March 2018 that investigated associations between dietary patterns and QoL in older adults. Relevant studies were identified based on set inclusion and exclusion criteria, data were extracted and analysed to examine the relationships and possible implications for public health recommendations. The systematic review included 15 articles (One randomized control trial, six prospective cohorts and eight cross sectional). The studies looked at correlations between different dietary patterns and/or adherence to particular dietary patterns and self-reported QoL or self-rated health status. Excluding two studies which showed no significant association, healthy dietary patterns were associated with better self-rated health and QoL in one or more domains, and adherence to healthy dietary patterns like the Mediterranean diet were significantly associated with improvement in at least one of the QoL domains.
Iron is involved in many processes in the brain including, myelin generation, mitochondrial function, synthesis of ATP and DNA and the cycling of neurotransmitters. Disruption of normal iron ...homeostasis can result in iron accumulation in the brain, which in turn can partake in interactions which amplify oxidative damage. The development of MRI techniques for quantifying brain iron has allowed for the characterisation of the impact that brain iron has on cognition and neurodegeneration. This review uses a systematic approach to collate and evaluate the current literature which explores the relationship between brain iron and cognition. The following databases were searched in keeping with a predetermined inclusion criterion: Embase Ovid, PubMed and PsychInfo (from inception to 31st March 2020). The included studies were assessed for study characteristics and quality and their results were extracted and summarised. This review identified 41 human studies of varying design, which statistically assessed the relationship between brain iron and cognition. The most consistently reported interactions were in the Caudate nuclei, where increasing iron correlated poorer memory and general cognitive performance in adulthood. There were also consistent reports of a correlation between increased Hippocampal and Thalamic iron and poorer memory performance, as well as, between iron in the Putamen and Globus Pallidus and general cognition. We conclude that there is consistent evidence that brain iron is detrimental to cognitive health, however, more longitudinal studies will be required to fully understand this relationship and to determine whether iron occurs as a primary cause or secondary effect of cognitive decline.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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