Albums de famille Meazza, Stefania
Le divan familial,
2021, Letnik:
47, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
L’article porte sur le travail d’artistes qui, en Europe et aux États-Unis, interrogent la forme du journal photographique et de l’album de famille par le biais de la photographie et de la vidéo.Dès ...les années 1990, ces artistes réagissent à la fin du modernisme et l’effondrement des grands récits par un mouvement de repli sur l’intime, d’où découle un effet de désublimation de l’art. Le quotidien, l’ordinaire, la vie de famille (biologique ou d’adoption) viennent nourrir ces pratiques. Mais, au lieu de s’enfermer dans leurs histoires personnelles, leurs récits s’ouvrent à une lecture universelle : en se faisant narrateurs d’un quotidien commun à tous, ces artistes tissent un lien à l’intérieur de la société, au sein de laquelle ils se repositionnent.
NK and DC reciprocal interactions have only recently been investigated. In this study, we focused on the interplay between NK cells and DC in two models of bacterial infection. Immature ...monocyte‐derived DC were cultured in the presence of live Escherichia coli or bacillus Calmette–Guérin. Upon exposure to either extracellular or intracellular bacteria, DC underwent maturation as assessed by the increased levels of expression of CD80, CD86, and HLA molecules and the de novo expression of CD83 and CCR7. Significant amounts of TNF‐α and IL‐12 were released by DCupon infection, whereas IL‐2 and IL‐15 were barely detectable in culture supernatants. Both infected and uninfected DC were capable of inducing in fresh autologous NK cells the expression of CD69 and HLA‐DR and of inducing cell proliferation. Remarkably, however, infected DC were much stronger inducers of NK cell activation and proliferation than uninfected DC. Thus, after just 24 h of NK/DC coculture, only those NK cells that had been exposed to bacteria‐infected DC had acquired the ability to lyse autologous immature DC. In addition, infected DC were more resistant to NK‐mediated lysis as a consequence of the up‐regulation of HLA class I molecule expression on their surface. This study suggests a regulatory circuit involving NK cells and DC in which DC‐induced NK cell activationis effectively enhanced by the presence of pathogens. Activated NK cells, by limiting the supply of immature DC, may then exert a control on subsequent innate and adaptive immune responses.
Evaluation of the nutritional status of a pediatric population affected by osteosarcoma(OS), rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and Ewing's sarcoma (EWS), at diagnosis and during treatment.
Consecutive patients ...(pts) aged 0-18 affected by OS, RMS and EWS, attending the Pediatric Oncology Unit since 01/2013 to 12/2017, were evaluated; medical records were reviewed. Anthropometric data (BMI z-score) were collected at T0 (diagnosis), T1 (4-6 months, during treatment) and T2 (8-12 months, follow-up). The non parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was applied to compare the distribution of the BMI z-score between the three times. Nutritional intervention was recorded.
Complete data were available for 120 pts: 43 OSpts, 31 RMSpts and 46 EWSpts. Severe malnutrition (z-score<-2) at diagnosis was recorded in 4% of OSpts, 4.6% of RMSpts, 4% of EWSpts; at baseline, median z-score was -0.71(IQR:-1.25–0.53) in OS, -0.72(IQR:-1.18–0.75) in RMS, -0.05(IQR:-0.92–1) in EWS. A significant worsening was observed at T1 overall (p=0.008) and in OS (p<0.001). T2 shows a significant global improvement (p=0.02). Comparing T0-T2, the worsening is significant only for Ospts (median z-score – 0.98, p=0.036), z-score in the other groups improves during follow-up. Parenteral Nutrition (PN) was applied in 45 pts (37.5%), primarily during high-dose-chemoterapy and autologous transplant in EWSpts. Analysis of the correlation with adverse effects wasn't possible because of missing data. Z-score<-2 at T2 was recorded in 12% of OSpts, 5.3% of RMSpts, 7.3% of EWSpts.
A significant deterioration of nutritional status during oncologic treatment was observed, especially in OS patients. PN was applied in limited cases (high-dose-chemoterapy and autologous transplant). Screening and follow-up of patients are advisable since diagnosis, for a better and timely nutritional intervention.
The goal of the current study was to clarify treatment outcomes for adult patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Published series have reported definitively worse results for adults with RMS compared ...with children with RMS. This finding casts doubt on whether RMS is the same disease in adults as it is in children.
Of 190 patients with RMS who were age 18 years or older and whose cases were recorded over a 25-year span in the pathology database of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori (Milan, Italy), 171 could be analyzed retrospectively for treatment outcome. The authors attempted to stratify patients according to the degree to which they had been treated appropriately, based on current treatment guidelines for childhood RMS.
The overall rate of response to chemotherapy was 85%. For the entire series, 5-year event-free survival and 5-year overall survival (OS) were 28% and 40%, respectively. Among the 110 patients with embryonal, alveolar, or 'not otherwise specified' RMS, 5-year OS was 46%; however, 5-year OS was 61% for patients within this group (39% of the total) who had high scores for appropriate treatment.
The current series parallels other published series in that it confirms the finding of a relatively poor long-term outcome for adult patients with RMS. However, for patients whose treatment adhered to the current guidelines for treatment of children, outcome was similar to what has been reported in pediatric series. In addition, the rate of response to chemotherapy for the entire series was similar to the rate typically observed among children. These findings suggest that adults and children with RMS should receive similar treatment. Treatment protocols adopted from pediatric programs but tailored to adults could increase adults' chances of receiving appropriate treatment; prospective studies are needed to test this idea.
Nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors for which optimal treatment remains controversial. We report on a large group of 182 patients younger than 18 years old ...treated at a single institution over a 25-year period.
In this relatively homogeneous subgroup of adult-type histotypes, surgery was the mainstay of treatment; radiotherapy was administered to 73 patients, and chemotherapy was administered to 114 patients (70 received chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy).
Overall survival at 5 years was 89% in patients who underwent complete resection at diagnosis, 79% in patients who had marginal resection, 52% in initially unresected patients, and 17% in patients with metastases at onset. Outcome was unsatisfactory in patients with large and high-grade tumors, even after gross resection; adjuvant chemotherapy seemed to improve the results in this group. Initially unresected patients who responded well to chemotherapy and subsequently underwent complete resection had an event-free survival rate of approximately 70%. The rate of response to chemotherapy was 58%.
The identification of prognostic variables should enable risk-adapted therapies to be planned. Patients with initially unresectable disease and patients with resected large and high-grade tumors are at high risk of metastases and treatment failure. Although the limits of this retrospective analysis are self-evident, our data would suggest that intensive chemotherapy (with an ifosfamide-doxorubicin regimen) might have a more significant role in these patients than what is generally assumed.
Angiogenic processes depend on the precise coordination of different cell types and a complex exchange of signals, many of which derive from new specific components of the provisional, ...angiogenesis-related, extracellular matrix (ECM). Angiogenesis-associated ECM components thus represent appealing targets for the selective delivery of therapeutic molecules to newly forming tumor vessels. Results of a previous study indicated that a high affinity recombinant antibody (L19) to ED-B, a domain contained in the angiogenesis-associated isoform of fibronectin (B-FN), selectively and efficiently targets tumor vessels. The present study shows that a fusion protein between L19 and interleukin 2 (L19–IL-2) mediates the selective delivery and concentration of IL-2 to tumor vasculature, thereby leading to a dramatic enhancement of the therapeutic properties of the cytokine. By contrast, IL-2 fused to an irrelevant recombinant antibody used as a control fusion protein showed neither accumulation in tumors nor therapeutic efficacy. Tumors in mice treated with L19–IL-2 were significantly smaller compared to those in animals treated with saline, the control fusion protein, or IL-2 alone (P = .003, .003, and .002, respectively). Moreover, no significant differences in size were observed among the tumors from the different control groups (using the control fusion protein, a mixture of IL-2 and L19, or saline alone). Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor infiltrates demonstrated a significantly higher number of T lymphocytes, natural killer cells, and macrophages, as well as increased interferon-γ (IFN-γ) accumulation, in tumors from animals treated with L19–IL-2 compared to tumors from control groups. The fact that ED-B is 100% homologous in human and mouse, thus ensuring that L19 reacts equally well with human and murine antigen, should ultimately expedite transfer of this reagent to clinical trials.
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