The list of standard abbreviations for JDS is available at adsa.org/jds-abbreviations-24. Nonstandard abbreviations are available in the Notes.
Udder conformation is directly related to milk yield, ...cow health, workability, and welfare. Automatic milking systems (AMS, also known as milking robots) have become popular worldwide, and the number of dairy farms adopting these systems has increased considerably over the past years. In each milking visit, AMS record the location of the 4 teats as Cartesian coordinates in an xyz plan, which can then be used to derive udder conformation traits. Because AMS generate a large amount of data for individual cows per milking visit, they can contribute to an accurate assessment of important traits such as udder conformation without the addition of human classifier errors (in subjective scoring systems). Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to estimate genomic-based genetic parameters for udder conformation traits derived from AMS records in North American Holstein cattle and to assess the genetic correlation between the derived traits for evaluating the feasibility of multitrait genomic selection for breeding cows that are more suitable for milking in AMS. The Cartesian teat coordinates measured during each milking visit were collected by 36 milking robots in 4,480 Holstein cows from 2017 to 2021, resulting in 5,317,488 records. A total of 4,118 of these Holstein cows were also genotyped for 57,600 SNPs. Five udder conformation traits were derived: udder balance (UB, mm), udder depth (UD, mm), front teat distance (FTD, mm), rear teat distance (RTD, mm), and distance front–rear (DFR, mm). In addition, 2 traits directly related to cow productivity in the system were added to the study: daily milk yield (DY) and milk electroconductivity (EC; as an indicator of mastitis). Variance components and genetic parameters for UB, UD, FTD, RTD, DFR, DY, and EC were estimated based on repeatability animal models. The estimates of heritability (± SE) for UB, UD, FTD, RTD, DFR, DY, and EC were 0.41 ± 0.02, 0.79 ± 0.01, 0.53 ± 0.02, 0.40 ± 0.02, 0.65 ± 0.02, 0.20 ± 0.02, and 0.46 ± 0.02, respectively. The repeatability estimates (± SE) for UB, UD, FTD, RTD, and DFR were 0.82 ± 0.01, 0.93 ± 0.01, 0.87 ± 0.01, 0.83 ± 0.01, and 0.88 ± 0.01, respectively. The strongest genetic correlations were observed between FTD and RTD (0.54 ± 0.03), UD and DFR (−0.47 ± 0.03), DFR and FTD (0.32 ± 0.03), and UD and FTD (−0.31 ± 0.03). These results suggest that udder conformation traits derived from Cartesian coordinates from AMS are moderately to highly heritable. Furthermore, the moderate genetic correlations between these traits should be considered when developing selection subindexes. The most relevant genetic correlations between traits related to cow milk productivity and udder conformation traits were between UD and EC (−0.25 ± 0.03) and between DFR and DY (0.30 ± 0.04), in which both genetic correlations are favorable. These findings will contribute to the design of genomic selection schemes for improving udder conformation in North American Holstein cattle, especially in precision dairy farms.
The internal temperatures and the ability to dissipate the heat from active part influence the windings’ insulation deterioration and determine how long power transformers are able to remain in ...operation. Due to the great importance of this equipment for the electrical system, studies to avoid failures and early aging are needed. This article presents an evaluation of thermal performance of power transformers and the optical fiber sensor positioning to temperature monitoring. For this, an experimental and numerical methodology is performed, comparing the measurements during the temperature rise test of single-phase prototype power transformer, under oil directed and air natural (ODAN) cooling system conditions equipped with 20 optical fiber sensors along its windings, to the obtained results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations performed in ANSYS Fluent software. It was verified that the punctual temperature measured by optical sensors may not accurately represent the critical temperatures along transformers’ windings, and the windings’ arrangements impact on oil flow and temperature distribution, as the number and positioning of block washers being necessary to be considered in previous studies for a better positioning of the sensors and temperature monitoring.
This paper describes a simulator for the three-tank system process named Sim3Tanks. This process presents a hybrid and nonlinear behavior and it is subject to different kinds of perturbations, ...faults, and noises. Sim3Tanks was developed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment and can be used via graphical user interface, Simulink block diagram, and command-line. Sim3Tanks is suitable for studying and developing process control, fault detection and isolation, and fault tolerant control strategies for nonlinear multi-variable systems. In order to illustrate the potential of Sim3Tanks, four scenarios are discussed throughout this paper: PID control strategies for the level and flow rates; a fault detection algorithm based on unscented Kalman filter and generalized likelihood ratio; a fault isolation system based on Bayesian networks; and a control reconfiguration based on static virtual actuator and sensor. A video demonstration of Sim3Tanks can be found at https://github.com/e-controls/Sim3Tanks.
Suppressing vacuum fluctuations with vortex excitations de Medeiros Neto, J. F.; Ramos, Rudnei O.; Santos, Carlos Rafael M. ...
Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology,
11/2015, Letnik:
92, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Summary Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disorder of Langerhans cells, a component of the dendritic cell system, with an unknown pathogenesis. Conventional therapy for patients with Langerhans ...cell histiocytosis is usually effective, but some patients are refractory to treatment or develop toxicity. Thus, there is a need for innovative therapies. Recently, some cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis were reported to express platelet-derived growth factor receptors α and β or c-KIT by immunohistochemistry, and some of these patients had a clinical response to imatinib mesylate. Other hematologic disorders with PDGFRα or PDGFRβ gene rearrangements also have responded to imatinib mesylate. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunohistochemical and molecular markers in Langerhans cell histiocytosis that would identify cases for possible treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We investigated formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 14 cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis. As controls, we included cases of inflammatory dermatitis ( n = 5) and dermatopathic lymphadenitis ( n = 7). We performed immunohistochemistry for S100, CD1a, c-KIT, and platelet-derived growth factor receptors α and β . Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis to detect rearrangements of the PDGFRα or PDGFRβ genes was also performed. Four (28.5%) of 14 cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis were positive for platelet-derived growth factor receptor α , whereas absent/weak expression was seen in 10 cases and all controls. All cases were negative for platelet-derived growth factor receptor β and c-KIT. The fluorescence in situ hybridization studies were also negative in all 8 cases with adequate quality DNA. Our findings suggest that a subset of cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis may be treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors due to the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α . Clinical trials that evaluate the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Langerhans cell histiocytosis seem warranted and should evaluate these markers.
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of crude protein (CP) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) supplementation on growth performance and gut health of nursery pigs. Weaned pigs (n = 90; 22 ...days old; 7.5 ± 0.7 kg BW; AGPIC 415 × Camborough) barrows and gilts, were distributed in a randomized complete block design (BW as block) to three dietary treatments fed for 14 days: 1) 24% CP, 2) 18% CP, and 3) 18% CP + NEAA, including 5 g/kg L-arginine and 10 g/kg L-glutamate + L-glutamine (AminoGut, Ajinomoto, São Paulo, Brazil). There were 10 replicates per treatment and three pigs per pen. A corn-soybean meal-based diet was formulated to have 3,400 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy and 1.45 g/kg of standardized ileal digestible lysine. Crystalline amino acids, L-Lys, L-Thr, DL-Met, L-Trp, L-Val, L-Ile, L-His, and L-Leu were used (if necessary) to satisfy the ideal amino acid profile according to the Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine (Rostagno et al., 2017). On day 14, pigs were weighed and then euthanized to collect duodenum, jejunum, and ileum tissue. Growth performance, diarrhea incidence, intestinal morphology, goblet cells, and Peyer’s patches were evaluated. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure in SAS 9.4 and means were compared by Tukey’s test. Pigs fed 24% CP diet had improved (P < 0.05) G:F compared with 18% CP and 18% CP + NEAA (Table 1). There was no effect (P > 0.05) of dietary treatments on ADFI, ADG, BW, and diarrhea incidence. In the duodenum, pigs fed 18% CP + NEAA diets had greater (P < 0.05) villus height compared with the 24% CP and 18% CP (427 to 381 and 383 µm). Moreover, goblet cells proportion in pigs fed 24% CP and 18% CP + NEAA diets were greater (P < 0.05) than that of 18% CP (53.2 and 53.4 to 45.3%). In the jejunum, pigs fed 18% CP + NEAA diet had reduced (P < 0.05) crypt depth than those fed 24% CP (161 and 141 µm), whereas pigs fed 18% CP presented intermediate results (144 µm). In the ileum, pigs fed the 24% CP diets presented a greater (P < 0.05) number of Peyer’s patches compared with 18% CP and 18% CP + NEAA (48 to 38 and 41 units). In conclusion, nursery pigs fed 24% CP diets presented improved G:F compared with those fed 18% CP or 18% CP + NEAA. However, pigs fed the 18% + NEAA diets presented better gut health compared with 24% CP or 18% CP.
Candida
can adhere and form biofilm on biomaterials commonly used in medical devices which is a key attribute that enhances its ability to cause infections in humans. Furthermore, biomaterial-related ...infections represent a major therapeutic challenge since
Candida
biofilms are implicated in antifungal therapies failure. The goals of the present work were to investigate the effect of three 5-aminoimidazole-4-carbohydrazonamides, namely (
Z
)-5-amino-1-methyl-
N′
-aryl-1
H
-imidazole-4-carbohydrazonamides aryl = phenyl (1a), 4-fluorophenyl (1b), 3-fluorophenyl (1c), on
Candida albicans
and
Candida krusei
biofilm on nanohydroxyapatite substrate, a well-known bioactive ceramic material. To address these goals, both quantitative methods (by cultivable cell numbers) and qualitative evaluation (by scanning electron microscopy) were used. Compounds cytocompatibility towards osteoblast-like cells was also evaluated after 24 h of exposure, through resazurin assay. The three tested compounds displayed a strong inhibitory effect on biofilm development of both
Candida
species as potent in vitro activity against
C. albicans
sessile cells. Regarding cytocompatibility, a concentration-dependent effect was observed. Together, these findings indicated that the potent activity of imidazole derivatives on
Candida
spp. biofilms on nanohydroxyapatite substrate, in particular compound 1c, is worth further investigating.
Graphic Abstract
The internal temperatures and the ability to dissipate the heat from active part influence the windings insulation deterioration and determine how long power transformers are able to remain in ...operation. Due to the great importance of these equipments for the electrical system, studies to avoid failures and early ageing are needed. This paper presents an evaluation of thermal performance of power transformers and the optical fiber sensors positioning to temperature monitoring. For this is performed an experimental and numerical methodology, comparing the measurements during the temperature rise test of single-phase prototype power transformer, under ODAN cooling system conditions equipped with 20 optical fiber sensors along its windings, to the obtained results of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations performed in ANSYS® Fluent software. It was verified that the punctual temperature measured by optical sensors may not accurately represent the critical temperatures along transformers windings and the windings arrangements impact on oil flow and temperature distribution, as the number and positioning of block washers, being necessary to be considered in previous studies for a better positioning of the sensors and temperature monitoring.
Due to its high efficiency, carbon fibre reinforced composite materials are used in many applications, including aeronautical, automotive, and civil structures. A wide range of manufacturing ...processes are used in composites production and each of these processes is marked by many processing parameters. However, because of the variations that are inherent to the manufacturing method, the final properties of the structure can be strongly affected, mainly the strength values. On the other hand, Vibration-Based Methods (VBM) has the advantage of simplicity and low cost, although it is very sensitive to variations in geometry and material properties. Therefore, it is strategic to deepen the research in this line to generalize the method, allowing its use in the industry as a solution to complicated real-life problems. Thus, this work presents a new numerical-experimental methodology to evaluate the effect of design parameter variations on the dynamic response of laminated composite cylinders. Numerical dynamic analyses are run via a Finite Element code, which is complemented with subroutines written in Python. A Design of Experiments (DoE) strategy is developed to reduce the number of experiments and to evaluate the effect of the design parameter variations. Three sets of nominally different composite cylinders are investigated (90/60/-60)2/90s, (90/30/-30)2/90s and 90/30/-60/60/-60/30/-30s. System natural frequencies as taken as the primary response quantities. Frequency Response Functions (FRF) enrich the data set for more elaborate analysis. A DoE strategy is set up to deal with the range of design parameters and process parameters, a full factorial design is selected. Afterward, the results are discussed with proper attention for the potential and limitations of the proposed methodology from the perspective of usage to detect defects in real laminated composite cylinders. Finally, damage indices are calculated using the experimental FRFs magnitudes to quantify the influence of the undamaged and impact damage structure. The general conclusion is that the new methodology provides the foundations for the next generation of software systems for detecting defects from the manufacturing process and damage caused in-service of real composite structures.
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