► The ceramic waste analysed from the sanitary ware industry. ► This waste is used as a coarse aggregate in the manufacture of concretes. ► The mechanical behaviour of these concretes is better than ...convectional concretes. ► ITZ of the new aggregate/paste is more compact and stable than natural aggregate. ► The new aggregate does not interfere in the microstructure of recycled concretes.
Due to its physical, chemical and mechanical properties, the waste inevitably generated by the ceramic sanitary ware industry can be used in the production of concrete. This article reports the possibility of substituting 15%, 20% and 25% of natural coarse aggregate with recycled ceramic coarse aggregate, and presents an analysis of the resultant effects on the morphology and microstructure of recycled concretes, and consequently, on the mechanical behaviour of these ecoefficient concretes. The results demonstrate that ceramic waste does not interfere in either the hydration process or in the morphology of the hydrated products. The microstructure present in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) of the recycled aggregate–paste is more compact and stable than that of the natural aggregate–paste. As regards mechanical behaviour, it was observed that as the percentage of substitution rose, the compressive strength of these concretes improved.
In the current article, we analyze the impact of intermarriage on the wages of immigrant women in Italy. Using a sample of married immigrant women from a randomly selected sample, representative of ...families with foreigners in Italy, we estimate Ordinary Least Squares and we address self-selection into employment, while simultaneously accounting for intermarriage endogeneity with the combined method. The results reveal 9 percentage points higher earnings for intermarried immigrant women. However, this vanishes once we add other characteristics, as well as when we account for endogeneity and selection into employment, separately and simultaneously. We conclude that although immigrant women who marry natives have higher wages, this is due to their observable and unobservable characteristics.
The whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is a cryptic species complex that attacks >600 different species of plants and transmits several plant viruses causing severe economic losses. Until 2010, ...the B. tabaci complex comprised 24 distinct putative species. Recently, at least 15 new species have been reported. The objective of this study was to identify B. tabaci species present in bean, melon, and tomato crops in Argentina by applying phylogenetic analyses and pairwise comparison of genetic distances of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) sequences. The 39 proposed whitefly species were identified with both analyses, and the presence in Argentina of one indigenous species, New World 2 (NW2), and two introduced species, Middle East-Asia Minor one (MEAM1) and Mediterranean, was confirmed. Common bean crop presented the three whitefly species detected, with NW2, MEAM1, and Mediterranean being present all together under field conditions. Also, Mediterranean was the only species identified in tomato, whereas MEAM1 was found in melon. To the best of our knowledge, Mediterranean is a recent invasive species in open-field agriculture in the American continent and in greenhouse tomato in Argentina. Additionally, we provide the first report of MEAM1 in common bean and melon. These findings raise several questions on the future scenario of B. tabaci and the viruses it transmits in Argentina.
The vast volumes of waste generated to quarry ornamental granite constitute both an environmental and a public health hazard.
This study assesses the viability of designing new blended cements in ...which 10% or 20% of the clinker is replaced with granite sludge by analysing the effect of its inclusion on the chemical, rheological, mechanical and microstructural properties of the end product. The later age change in the pore structure of the new mortars induced by the slow pozzolanic kinetics of this supplementary cementitious material (SCM) translates into a narrow difference in the mechanical performance between these and conventional mortars. Despite that difference, the new cements are apt for use in construction, inasmuch as they are compliant with the requirements laid down for Type II/A and IV/A cements in European standard EN 197-1.
•The granite sludge has been used as SCM in the design of the new blended cements.•The mortars designed compliant with the requirements laid down in European standard.•The amount of the portlandite is slightly less in the new blended cements.•The new SCM induces no changes in C-S-H gel product morphology.•Low concentrations of the waste can be regarded as feasible new SCM.
The sanitary ceramics industry inevitably generates wastes, irrespective of the improvements introduced in manufacturing processes. The present study investigated the reuse of these wastes as ...recycled coarse aggregate in partial substitution (15%, 20% and 25%) of natural coarse aggregates in the manufacture of structural concretes. The results demonstrate that recycled, eco-efficient concretes present superior mechanical behaviour compared to conventional concrete and it was moreover appreciated that the recycled ceramic aggregate does not interfere in a negative way during the hydration process. It was also observed that the microstructure in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between recycled ceramic aggregate and paste was more compact than in the case of natural aggregate and paste.
Abstract
The legal socialization framework expounds individual attitudes towards authority. The current study tested whether the attitudes of Brazilian adolescents towards social authorities (parents ...and teachers) explain later attitudes towards legal authority (the police). Data were obtained from three waves of a longitudinal study of Brazilian youth in São Paulo (ages 11–13; 50 per cent female) between 2016 and 2018. The time-ordered data are uniquely capable of testing the legal socialization framework as adolescent social spheres expand beyond the domestic domain. The findings of the structural equation models support the claim that attitudes towards social authorities explain later attitudes towards legal authority. The findings also paint a more complicated and nuanced picture of how spheres of authority are related.
Plant microRNAs are small RNAs that are important for genetic regulation of processes such as plant development or environmental responses. Specific microRNAs accumulate in the phloem during ...phosphate starvation, and may act as long-distance signalling molecules. We performed quantitative PCR on Arabidopsis hypocotyl micrograft tissues of wild-type and hen1-6 mutants to assess the mobility of several phosphate starvation-responsive microRNA species. In addition to the previously confirmed mobile species miR399d, the corresponding microRNA* (miR399d*) was identified for the first time as mobile between shoots and roots. Translocation by phosphate-responsive microRNAs miR827 and miR2111a between shoots and roots during phosphate starvation was evident, while their respective microRNA*s were not mobile. The results suggest that long-distance mobility of microRNA species is selective and can occur without the corresponding duplex strand. Movement of miR399d* and root-localised accumulation of miR2111a* opens the potential for persisting microRNA*s to be mobile and functional in novel pathways during phosphate starvation responses.
Nanoparticles are tiny materials (<1000 nm in size) that have specific physicochemical properties different to bulk materials of the same composition and such properties make them very attractive for ...commercial and medical development. However, nanoparticles can act on living cells at the nanolevel resulting not only in biologically desirable, but also in undesirable effects. In contrast to many efforts aimed at exploiting desirable properties of nanoparticles for medicine, there are limited attempts to evaluate potentially undesirable effects of these particles when administered intentionally for medical purposes. Therefore, there is a pressing need for careful consideration of benefits and side effects of the use of nanoparticles in medicine. This review article aims at providing a balanced update of these exciting pharmacological and potentially toxicological developments. The classes of nanoparticles, the current status of nanoparticle use in pharmacology and therapeutics, the demonstrated and potential toxicity of nanoparticles will be discussed.
British Journal of Pharmacology (2007) 150, 552–558. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707130
•Inhibitory avoidance training activates neurons in basolateral amygdaloid nucleus.•Intense training increases expression of c-Fos in basolateral amygdaloid nucleus.•Memory strength correlates with ...percentage of c-Fos expressing cells.
Typical amnestic treatments are ineffective when administered to subjects trained in aversively-motivated tasks using relatively high foot-shock intensities. This effect has been found when treatments that disrupt neuronal activity are administered to different regions of the brain, including the amygdala. However, the molecular mechanisms induced by this intense training are unknown. We made a detailed mapping of c-Fos-expressing neurons in four regions of the amygdala after moderate and intense one-trial inhibitory avoidance training. Rats were sacrificed 90 min after training or after appropriate control procedures, and their brains were prepared for immunohistochemical c-Fos protein detection in the central, lateral, and in the anterior and posterior parts of the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus. We found a high percentage of neurons expressing c-Fos in the anterior part of the basolateral nucleus after moderate training, and this percentage increased further after intense training. Moderate and intense training did not induce changes in c-Fos expression in the other explored amygdaloid regions. These results show that inhibitory avoidance training produces a localized expression of c-Fos in the basolateral anterior nucleus of the amygdala, which is dependent upon the intensity of training, and indicate that synaptic plastic changes in this region may be required for the formation of memory of moderate and intense aversive learning.
This work aims to evaluate from an energy and economic perspective the production of essential oil, pectin, and biogas as alternatives to valorize orange peel waste. For this, the chemical ...characterization, extraction of essential oil, and pectin of industrial of this residue samples were done. Moreover, the remaining solid was used to produce biogas. The experimental results were used as input data to simulate the biorefinery. The mass and energy balances from the simulation were used to perform energy and economic analysis of the biorefinery system analyzing the net present value and processing scale as determining factors. Also, mass and energy efficiency indicators were applied to evaluate the performance of the biorefinery. The experimental essential oil, pectin extraction, and biogas yields 0.61% w/w (wet basis), 10.35% w/w (wet basis), and 89.39 Nm
3
/ton OPW mL biogas/g VS with a CH
4
content of 66.73% (59.6 Nm
3
/ton OPW), respectively. The mass and energy indicators show a good performance of the process in terms of mass and energy efficiency indicators. Moreover, the economic analysis leads to observe that the proposed biorefinery is only feasible at low processing scales. In a conclusion, orange peel waste is a potential feedstock to obtain value-added products such as essential oil and pectin and energy vectors such as biogas in an energy and economic feasible way at low scales allowing the implementation of small-scale integrated biorefinery systems.
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