The dicationic imidazolium‐phosphonium salt (SIMes)PFPh2B(C6F5)42 has been prepared and shown to exhibit remarkable Lewis acidity in stoichiometric reactions and acting as an effective Lewis acid ...catalyst for the hydrodefluorination of fluoroalkanes and the hydrosilylation of olefins.
Versatile phosphonium salt: The dication (SIMes)PFPh2B(C6F5)42 is prepared by oxidation of an NHC‐derived cationic phosphine followed by fluoride ion. This species exhibits remarkable Lewis acidity in stoichiometric reactions as well as in Lewis acid catalysis of hydrodefluorination of fluoroalkanes and the hydrosilylation of olefins and acetylenes.
The hydrosilylation/reduction of tertiary and secondary phosphine oxides to phosphines is catalyzed by B(C6F5)3 or electrophilic fluorophosphonium cations (EPCs). B(C6F5)3 is an effective catalyst ...for phosphine oxide reduction using (EtO)3SiH, PhSiH3, and Ph2SiH2 at elevated temperature (105 °C), while EPCs effect the same reduction at significantly lower temperature with PhSiH3 as reducing agent, allowing for good functional-group tolerance.
The focus of Swachh Bharat Mission (Clean India Mission) was to build toilets to make India open defecation free. While India has succeeded in achieving this goal, to move towards “safely managed ...sanitation” as per target 6.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals, it is necessary to ensure that all fecal waste is safely collected and treated. The common practice for desludging of septic tanks is ‘demand-based desludging’ rather than a regular service. Such practices have adverse social and environmental impacts. To overcome these shortcomings, scheduled desludging is advocated. This paper first reviews the need for regular desludging of septic tanks. It then outlines the emerging experience of design and implementation of scheduled desludging for inclusive, equitable, and sustainable sanitation to achieve social and environmental benefits in two Indian cities. In these cities, a performance-linked annuity payment framework is used to engage a private desludging enterprise. Payment is met through a sanitation tax and transfer from the general property taxes. It outlines the benefits of scheduled desludging in Indian cities and argues that it is critical to achieve improved sanitation.
The study does a thorough bibliometric analysis of the subject through time to analyze the research landscape of social media addiction (SMA). The study concentrated on the scientific publications' ...topic, research trends, and scholarly production in social media addiction. From the Scopus database, the authors retrieved 712 peer-reviewed papers. The bibliometric technique thoroughly analyzed the trend, thematic focus, and scientific output in social media addiction. The analysis propounds that significant work in the field of social media addiction kickstarted in 2010. The most pertinent publications for articles about social media addictions are “International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health,” “Journal of Behavioural Addiction” and “Computers and Human behavior.” Griffith et al. (2016) work is the most cited of the examined materials. And amongst the nations, the United States has contributed the most to social media addiction research and has the most extensive number of scientific papers. The results also listed the discipline's most influential academic institutions and well-known researchers. The popular accompanying fields of analysis as revealed by the word map of the keywords, include "internet addiction”, “behavioural addiction”, “Facebook addiction”, “anxiety, and “depression”. Thematic analysis suggests that researchers in this field may explore Narcissism, Psychopaths, and Machiavellianism, to provide a better perspective on social media addiction. Also, emerging themes like “Depressive symptoms, Emotional Regulation, and Social Networking Sites (SNS) Addiction” appear to be the new dimensions of social media addiction. The Bibliometric analysis helps the present study make a valuable contribution to the area by helping to provide the direction of the existing work and the future orientation required. These findings aim to aid researchers, particularly those who are just starting in the subject of social media addiction, in deciding what areas of the field to focus on for their research; what methodology has been used and most cited; where to get the work published; which dimensions to explore, and with whom to collaborate.
•Social media Addiction(SMA) is being researched extensively across the globe.•There is an annual growth rate of 42.82% in the research of SMA.•The growth is exponential in the years 2020 and 2021 (due to increase in SMA during the pandemic).•The United States continues to be the nation most relevant in SMA research.•Emerging themes in the field which need focus are Depressive symptoms and Emotional Regulation.
Purpose. Microblogging sites are being used by people across the globe to share their opinions and to express sentiments for everything in real time. Through social listening, companies analyse the ...sentiments to assess the way forward, and the researchers use it to analyse the trend or an event and give forward-looking recommendations. The objective of the paper is to analyse the sentiments of people relating to Paytm IPO which can be used to predict the way forward. Design/methodology/approach. The study attempts sentiment analysis. For this purpose, QSR NVIVO 12, the qualitative analysis tool was used to retrieve the tweets from the Twitter website. NCapture was installed for this purpose. Post data cleaning, stemming, query augmentation and classification, the Twitter data was analysed. Findings. The sentiments around the IPO of Paytm have been negative and sarcastic. The extremely negative tweets were near twice the number of extremely positive tweets. Practical implication. The study can help an investor in evaluating the investment that they might be planning in the given company. For the company, whose IPO is being considered, an analysis of the sentiments around the IPO can help in taking corrective measures, if the sentiment is negative, towards reputation building. Originality/value. The study is an original contribution to the extant literature in the field of sentiment analysis.
Although known for over a century, only now are Zintl clusters being investigated as catalysts. These clusters can serve as intermediaries between discrete molecules and bulk solids, allowing them to ...act as atom-precise models whose reactivity may map onto their heterogeneous counterparts. Key contributions in homogeneous Zintl catalysis are discussed.
Although known for over a century, only now are Zintl clusters being investigated as catalysts. These clusters can serve as intermediaries between discrete molecules and bulk solids, allowing them to act as atom-precise models whose reactivity may map onto their heterogeneous counterparts. Key contributions in homogeneous Zintl catalysis are discussed.
Facilitating OPAT in rural areas Mehta, Meera; Benning, Molly; Johnson, Jessica E. ...
Therapeutic Advances in Infectious Disease,
01/2023, Letnik:
10
Book Review, Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A sizable portion of the United States’ population lives in a rural setting. Coupled with a limited number of infectious diseases providers, this has created a need for innovative practice models to ...deliver outpatient antimicrobial therapy and clinical monitoring in rural settings. This article reviews existing literature regarding outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in rural settings and explores existing barriers and potential solutions that may be of assistance to providers looking to provide these services.
Intravenous push (IVP) antimicrobial administration refers to rapid bolus infusion of medication. This drug delivery method offers improved patient convenience, superior patient and nursing ...satisfaction, and cost savings when used in outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT). Antimicrobial agents must demonstrate optimal physiochemical and pharmacologic characteristics, as well as sufficient syringe stability, to be administered in this manner. Additionally, impacts on medication tolerability, patient safety, and effectiveness must be considered. This narrative review summarizes the available data and practical implications of IVP administration of antimicrobials in the OPAT setting.
Abstract
In 2014, the Indian Government embarked on a major programme to end open defecation. The government allocated significant public funds to ensure that the goal is reached by the year 2019. ...The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) programme for rural sanitation is ambitious and probably no government has ever attempted to tackle sanitation at this scale and with such a large financial commitment. The main objectives of this paper are to assess sufficiency of financial commitments for SBM and to review efficiency and effectiveness in fund utilization against its stated objectives. In a large country like India, the programme achievements are not even. Some states are on track while others will need more attention and more funds to ensure that the goal is reached by 2019. An important challenge is to ensure sustainability of open defecation free (ODF) villages and communities. Supplementing public finance with innovative financing is needed to ensure that lack of finance does not become a constraint in achieving the ODF status and to ensure sustainability.
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