FLAG Review 2021 Aoki, Y.; Blum, T.; Colangelo, G. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
10/2022, Letnik:
82, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We review lattice results related to pion, kaon,
D
-meson,
B
-meson, and nucleon physics with the aim of making them easily accessible to the nuclear and particle physics communities. More ...specifically, we report on the determination of the light-quark masses, the form factor
f
+
(
0
)
arising in the semileptonic
K
→
π
transition at zero momentum transfer, as well as the decay constant ratio
f
K
/
f
π
and its consequences for the CKM matrix elements
V
us
and
V
ud
. Furthermore, we describe the results obtained on the lattice for some of the low-energy constants of
S
U
(
2
)
L
×
S
U
(
2
)
R
and
S
U
(
3
)
L
×
S
U
(
3
)
R
Chiral Perturbation Theory. We review the determination of the
B
K
parameter of neutral kaon mixing as well as the additional four
B
parameters that arise in theories of physics beyond the Standard Model. For the heavy-quark sector, we provide results for
m
c
and
m
b
as well as those for the decay constants, form factors, and mixing parameters of charmed and bottom mesons and baryons. These are the heavy-quark quantities most relevant for the determination of CKM matrix elements and the global CKM unitarity-triangle fit. We review the status of lattice determinations of the strong coupling constant
α
s
. We consider nucleon matrix elements, and review the determinations of the axial, scalar and tensor bilinears, both isovector and flavor diagonal. Finally, in this review we have added a new section reviewing determinations of scale-setting quantities.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
2.
Challenges in semileptonic B decays Gambino, P.; Kronfeld, A. S.; Rotondo, M. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
10/2020, Letnik:
80, Številka:
10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Two of the elements of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa quark mixing matrix,
|
V
ub
|
and
|
V
cb
|
, are extracted from semileptonic
B
decays. The results of the
B
factories, analysed in the light of ...the most recent theoretical calculations, remain puzzling, because for both
|
V
ub
|
and
|
V
cb
|
the exclusive and inclusive determinations are in clear tension. Further, measurements in the
τ
channels at Belle, Babar, and LHCb show discrepancies with the Standard Model predictions, pointing to a possible violation of lepton flavor universality. LHCb and Belle II have the potential to resolve these issues in the next few years. This article summarizes the discussions and results obtained at the MITP workshop held on April 9–13, 2018, in Mainz, Germany, with the goal to develop a medium-term strategy of analyses and calculations aimed at solving the puzzles. Lattice and continuum theorists working together with experimentalists have discussed how to reshape the semileptonic analyses in view of the much higher luminosity expected at Belle II, searching for ways to systematically validate the theoretical predictions in both exclusive and inclusive
B
decays, and to exploit the rich possibilities at LHCb.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A lattice QCD approach to quark orbital angular momentum in the proton based on generalized transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions (GTMDs) is enhanced methodologically by incorporating a ...direct derivative technique. This improvement removes a significant numerical bias that had been seen to afflict results of a previous study. In particular, the value obtained for Ji quark orbital angular momentum is reconciled with the one obtained independently via Ji's sum rule, validating the GMTD approach. Since GTMDs simultaneously contain information about the quark impact parameter and transverse momentum, they permit a direct evaluation of the cross product of the latter. They are defined through proton matrix elements of a quark bilocal operator containing a Wilson line; the choice in Wilson line path allows one to continuously interpolate from Ji to Jaffe-Manohar quark orbital angular momentum. The latter is seen to be significantly enhanced in magnitude compared to Ji quark orbital angular momentum, confirming previous results.
•EGF, IGF-1, PDGF and VEGF receptor tyrosine kinases converse with the MR cascade.•EGFR transactivation mediates at least part of nongenomic MR action.•A synergistic crosstalk between MR and AT1R ...with pathophysiological relevance exists.•Modulation of MR signaling occurs through permissive micromilieu factors, e.g. RNS.
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) belongs to the steroid receptor superfamily. Classically, it acts as a ligand-bound transcription factor in epithelial tissues, where it regulates water and electrolyte homeostasis and controls blood pressure. Additionally, the MR has been shown to elicit pathophysiological effects including inflammation, fibrosis and remodeling processes in the cardiovascular system and the kidneys and MR antagonists have proven beneficial for patients with certain cardiovascular and renal disease. The underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate MR effects have not been fully elucidated but very likely rely on interactions with other signaling pathways in addition to genomic actions at hormone response elements. In this review we will focus on interactions of MR signaling with different membrane receptors, namely receptor tyrosine kinases and the angiotensin II receptor because of their potential relevance for disease. In addition, GPR30 is discussed as a new aldosterone receptor. To gain insights into the problem why the MR only seems to mediate pathophysiological effects in the presence of additional permissive factors we will also briefly discuss factors that lead to modulation of MR activity as well. Overall, MR signaling is part of an intricate network that still needs to be investigated further.
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that physiologically regulates water-electrolyte homeostasis and controls blood pressure. The MR can also elicit ...inflammatory and remodeling processes in the cardiovascular system and the kidneys, which require the presence of additional pathological factors like for example nitrosative stress. However, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) for pathophysiological MR effects remain(s) elusive. The inactive MR is located in the cytosol associated with chaperone molecules including HSP90. After ligand binding, the MR monomer rapidly translocates into the nucleus while still being associated to HSP90 and after dissociation from HSP90 binds to hormone-response-elements called glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) as a dimer. There are indications that rapid MR trafficking is modulated in the presence of high salt, oxidative or nitrosative stress, hypothetically by induction or posttranslational modifications. Additionally, glucocorticoids and the enzyme 11beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase may also influence MR activation. Because MR trafficking and its modulation by micro-milieu factors influence MR cellular localization, it is not only relevant for genomic but also for nongenomic MR effects.
Leishmaniasis comprise a spectrum of diseases caused by protozoa parasites from the genus Leishmania, affecting millions of people worldwide, mainly in subtropical countries. Most antileishmanial ...drugs are highly toxic, present resistance issues or require long-term treatment. Consequently, new drugs are urgently needed. Quinoline-containing compounds have displayed an impressive array of biological properties over the years, including antileishmanial activity. In the present study, we report the synthesis and evaluation of novel quinoline derivatives (QuinDer) against Leishmania species and cytotoxic effect on mammalian cells. The ROS production and mitochondrial membrane potential analyses were also studied. The compound QuinDer1 showed activity on L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis promastigotes and this compound exhibited a strong inhibition of the proliferation of L. amazonensis amastigotes at nM concentration (IC50 of 0.0911 μM), being 139 times more active than miltefosine (IC50 of 12.7 μM), used as reference drug. This compound presents low cytotoxicity toward murine macrophages and human erythrocytes. In addition, promastigotes of L. amazonensis treated with the compound QuinDer1 present high generation of ROS levels with low alterations in mitochondrial membrane potential and maintenance of parasite membrane integrity. No substantial NO production in infected-macrophages treated with this compound was detected. These results suggest that the compound QuinDer 1 is a potent and selective antileishmanial agent by mitochondrial oxidative stress.
•Some quinoline derivatives (QuinDer) were synthesized and showed leishmanicidal effect.•QuinDer1 was 139 times more active against amastigotes of L. amazonensis than miltefosine, the control drug.•QuinDer1 induces mitochondrial oxidative stress in L. amazonensis.•QuinDer1 exhibited a selective and effective leishmanicidal effect.
Methods: On consensus of the investigators a 22 item rating list focusing on specific psycho-social conditions or situations of women was constructed. 102 consecutive consent signing female ...outpatients (53.4±14.6yrs.) of two different university based sleep disorders centers were asked wether they agree/disagree with the statements listed. 53 of the 102 patients answered to all 22 statements. High agreement (i) reflected impaired aspects of life quality.For factor analysis of all 22 items, a principal component analysis with Varimax rotations was performed with SPSS (SPSS Inc.)15.
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) plays an important role in salt and water homeostasis and pathological tissue modifications, such as cardiovascular and renal fibrosis. Importantly, MR activation ...by aldosterone per se is not sufficient for the deleterious effects but requires the additional presence of a certain pathological milieu. Phenomenologically, this milieu could be generated by enhanced nitrosative stress. However, little is known regarding the modulation of MR transcriptional activity in a pathological milieu. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR), the closest relative of the MR, binds to the same hormone-response element but elicits protective effects on the cardiovascular system. To investigate the possible modulation of MR and GR by nitrosative stress under controlled conditions we used human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells and measured MR and GR transactivation after stimulation with the nitric oxide (NO)-donor SNAP and the peroxynitrite-donor Sin-1. In the presence of corticosteroids NO led to a general reduced corticosteroid receptor activity by repression of corticosteroid receptor–DNA interaction. The NO-induced diminished transcriptional MR activity was most pronounced during stimulation with physiological aldosterone concentrations, suggesting that NO treatment prevented its pathophysiological overactivation. In contrast, single peroxynitrite administration specifically induced the MR transactivation activity whereas genomic GR activity remained unchanged. Mechanistically, peroxynitrite permitted nuclear MR translocation whereas the cytosolic GR distribution was unaffected. Consequently, peroxynitrite represents a MR-specific aldosterone mimetic. In summary, our data indicate that the genomic function of corticosteroid receptors can be modulated by nitrosative stress which may induce the shift from physiological toward pathophysiological MR effects.
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▸ Nitrosative stress influences genomic corticosteroid receptor activity. ▸ NO reduces genomic mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activity. ▸ Mechanistically, NO reduces corticosteroid receptor–DNA interaction. ▸ Peroxynitrite acts as a ligand-independent activator of MR but not of GR. ▸ Mechanistically, peroxynitrite enhances nuclear import of the MR.
The paper reports investigations on the chip on glass (COG) bonding process using anisotropic conductive films (ACF). Experimental methods as well as theoretical analyses, by both analytical and ...numerical means, are applied. The assumptions concerning the thermo-mechanical and rheological properties of the polymer materials involved in the bonding process are characterized for dependence on temperature. The transient development of the temperature field during the bonding process is studied by finite element (FE) analysis for dependence on the upper and lower chuck temperatures. Analytical techniques of fluid mechanics are used to predict the flow of the conductive particles during bonding, treated as dimensionless points embedded in a viscous matrix. This analytical description allows one to estimate the number of conducting particles on a bump of a chip after bonding. Furthermore, numerical calculations are applied to characterize the influence of viscosity gradients on the particle flow. Finally, nonlinear finite element simulations are used to investigate the stress development and stress relaxation process within the ACF joints.
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