Purpose
Finding an optimal biomarker for the noninvasive evaluation of acute liver injury (ALI) may be of great value in predicting clinical outcomes and investigating potential treatments. We ...investigated cell-free DNA (CFD) as a potential biomarker to predict carbon tetrachloride-induced ALI in rats.
Methods
Forty-five Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups. ALI was induced by carbon tetrachloride via a nasogastric tube at 1, 2.5, or 5 ml/kg of a 50 % solution. Fifteen additional rats underwent a sham procedure. Blood samples were drawn at time
t
which was 0 (baseline), 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h for the measurements of CFD, glutamate–pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamate–oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and total bilirubin. Prothrombin time and histology were examined at 24 and 120 h following injection of 5 ml/kg carbon tetrachloride in 18 additional rats and in 10 control rats.
Results
CFD levels in rats subjected to carbon tetrachloride-induced ALI were significantly increased in all blood samples starting at 12 h after the induction of ALI (
p
< 0.001), reaching peak levels at 24 h. Blood GOT, GPT, and total bilirubin were elevated in all blood samples starting at 3 h after the induction of ALI (
p
< 0.0001), reaching peak levels by 48 h. A positive correlation was demonstrated between CFD levels and GOT (
R
2
= 0.92), GPT (
R
2
= 0.92), and total bilirubin (
R
2
= 0.76). CFD levels correlated with liver damage seen on histological examination, as well as predicted liver damage, at 24 h after ALI.
Conclusions
CFD may be a useful biomarker for the prediction and measurement of ALI. There is no evidence to suggest that CFD is superior to other available noninvasive biomarkers.
VPS35 Mutations in Parkinson Disease Vilariño-Güell, Carles; Wider, Christian; Ross, Owen A. ...
American journal of human genetics,
08/2011, Letnik:
89, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Fuel for growth and development Pullinger, John; Melamed, Claire; Bentley, George ...
Significance (Oxford, England),
October 2015, Letnik:
12, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
World Statistics Day is the ideal time to showcase diverse applications of data, and how the work of statisticians is helping improve the lives of people around the world. The next 20 pages offer ...merely a glimpse of the full range of problems to which statistical analysis is applied, despite touching on a wide range of issues: from economic development to trade and transport, data sharing, human rights and hunger. We begin, though, with a special introduction from John Pullinger, the UK National Statistician and current chair of the UN Statistical Commission, on the importance of World Statistics Day
A special introduction from John Pullinger, the UK National Statistician and current chair of the UN Statistical Commission, on the importance of World Statistics Day
The revolution will be analysed
Two years after a UN report called for a “data revolution”, Claire Melamed takes stock of how close we have come to achieving that goal
Shared learning
Collaborating on statistical initiatives is one way of plugging gaps in knowledge. George Bentley explains how Statistics Canada is helping Caribbean countries learn more about themselves
Signs of hunger
Julie Shortridge, Stefanie Falconi, Ben Zaitchik and Seth Guikema show how statistical models can be used to predict undernourishment around the world based on climatic, social and economic factors
Modern slavery: A global reckoning
Slavery is an affront to the fundamental human right to liberty. Jacqueline Joudo Larsen, Monti Narayan Datta and Kevin Bales discuss the crucial role extrapolation plays in assessing the number of global victims
Monitoring travel behaviour in England
Delphine Robineau and Matthew Tranter explore shifting trends in how and why we travel using 50 years of data from the National Travel Survey
Magical mirror
Nili Karsai and Helen Brusilovsky describe efforts to harmonise data in the Middle East using “mirror exercises”
A laboratory experiment is described that combines organic synthesis, spectroscopy, and polymer chemistry and is suitable for the sophomore organic chemistry curriculum. In this three-week sequence, ...students synthesize and characterize the UV-absorber 2-(2',4'-dimethylbenzoyl)benzoic acid and incorporate it into films of polymethylmethacrylate. The project exposes students to a variety of techniques and topics including UV-vis, nuclear magnetic resonance and IR spectroscopy, free radical polymerization, vacuum filtration, use of a separatory funnel for extraction and washing, melting point determination, recrystallization, reflux, and Friedel-Crafts acylation.
Malignant melanoma metastases to regional lymph nodes may be mimicked by several non-neoplastic processes, including sinus histiocytosis induced by fragments shed from joint prostheses. A patient who ...had an elective lymph node dissection for malignant melanoma and was found to have "post-prosthesis lymph node histiocytosis" resembling metastatic disease is described. Knowledge of the patient's past history of a total shoulder joint replacement along with the use of polarized light microscopy to identify birefringent particles of prosthetic debris allows for an accurate histologic diagnosis.
BACKGROUNDThe human papilloma virus (HPV) is a carcinogen known for its strong association with cervical cancers and cervical lesions. It is also known to be associated with a variety of squamous ...cell carcinomas in other areas, such as the penis, vulva, anus and head and neck. However, the association with urothelial carcinoma remains controversial. Here, we report a case of urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation associated with HPV-6/HPV-11. CASE PRESENTATIONThis is a case of a 70 year old man who presented with nocturia and pressure during urination. During the TURP procedure for what was clinically thought to be benign prostate hyperplasia with pathologic diagnosis as prostate carcinoma, a 2 cm papillary mass was found in the distal penile urethra. The papillary mass was found to be a high grade urothelial carcinoma positive for GATA 3 expression, with focal areas of squamous differentiation. The areas with squamous differentiation demonstrated koilocytic differentiation, which were positive for strong p16 expression. The tumor was found to harbor low risk HPV 6/11 by in situ hybridization. CONCLUSIONSThis study case demonstrates HPV infection with a low risk subtype (HPV 6/11) associated with an urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation and condylomatous features.
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