In this article, we study complete and complete integral convergence theorems for weighted sums of arrays of rowwise widely negative dependent random variables under the sub-linear expectations. The ...presented results are Baum-Katz type theorems that extend the corresponding results in classical probability space to the case of sub-linear expectation space.
A sequential cross‐coupling/annulation of ortho‐vinyl bromobenzenes with aromatic bromides was realized, providing a direct and modular approach to access polycyclic aromatic compounds. A ...vinyl‐coordinated palladacycle was proposed as the key intermediate for this sequential process. Excellent chemoselectivity and regioselectivity were observed in this transformation. The practicability of this method is highlighted by its broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and rich transformations associated with the obtained products.
Palladium catalysis: A sequential cross‐coupling/annulation of ortho‐vinyl bromobenzenes with aromatic bromides is realized in a direct and modular approach to access polycyclic aromatic compounds. A C(vinyl), C(aryl)‐palladacycle species is proposed as the key intermediate. High chemo‐ and regioselectivity, broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group tolerance are observed for this transformation.
Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) as an emerging class of crystalline and porous materials have exhibited excellent visible-light-driven H2 generation activity in more recent years. However, noble ...metal co-catalysts are inevitable even in all COF-based photocatalysts to realize a high hydrogen evolution rate. In this work, for the first time we present a noble-metal free but more efficient COF-based photocatalytic H2 evolution system. We chose a typical ketoenamine-based TpPa-1-COF as a model and integrated it with MoS2 to construct MoS2/TpPa-1-COF composites by in situ growth of the TpPa-1-COF in an exfoliated MoS2 dispersion solution of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). The results of photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light irradiation show that the MoS2/TpPa-1-COF composite with an optimized amount of 3 wt% MoS2 loading exhibits a H2 evolution rate of 55.85 μmol h−1 (10 mg photocatalyst) without any noble metal in the catalytic system, and the apparent quantum efficiency is 0.76% at 420 nm. In comparison, this H2 evolution rate of the MoS2-3%/TpPa-1-COF composite is 32 times as high as that of the pure TpPa-1-COF (1.72 μmol h−1) and even a little better than that of the Pt/TpPa-1-COF (54.79 μmol h−1) with the same Pt loading (3 wt%). Further investigation demonstrates that MoS2 in the composite, acting as an effective non-noble-metal co-catalyst, can enormously facilitate the transfer of photogenerated electrons from the COF to MoS2 and improve the separation of photogenerated charges, leading to the excellent H2 evolution activity of the resulting composite. Considering the promising future of COF-based photocatalysts and the first report of noble-metal-free photocatalysts of COFs, this work may provide an avenue for the further design and synthesis of low-cost COF-based photocatalysts for efficient H2 evolution.
The advantages of fluorescence bioimaging in the second near‐infrared (NIR II, 1000–1700 nm) window are well known; however, current NIR II fluorescent probes for in vivo tumor imaging still have ...many shortcomings, such as low fluorescence efficiency, unstable performance under in vivo environments, and inefficient enrichment at tumor sites. In this study, Ag2Te quantum dots (QDs) that emit light at a wavelength of 1300 nm are assembled with poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) and further encapsulated within cancer cell membranes to overcome the shortcomings mentioned above. The as‐prepared ≈100 nm biomimetic nanobioprobes exhibit ultrabright (≈60 times greater than that of free Ag2Te QDs) and highly stable (≈97% maintenance after laser radiation for 1 h) fluorescence in the NIR II window. By combining the active homotypic tumor targeting capability derived from the source cell membrane with the passive enhanced permeation and retention effect, improved accumulation at tumor sites ((31 ± 2)% injection dose per gram of tumor) and a high tumor‐to‐normal tissue ratio (13.3 ± 0.7) are achieved. In summary, a new biomimetic NIR II fluorescent nanobioprobe with ultrabright and stable fluorescence, homotypic targeting and good biocompatibility for enhanced in vivo tumor imaging is developed in this study.
A superior NIR II fluorescent imaging nanobioprobe with an emission centered at 1300 nm is developed by encapsulating assembly of ultrasmall Ag2Te quantum dots and poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) within a cancer cell membrane. Enhanced fluorescence stability, blood circulation time, and homotypic targeting capability are achieved for in vivo tumor imaging.
•This review compared the features of children's COVID-19 with children's SARS•There were differences between children's SARS and COVID-19•Some thoughts and recommendations were given to contain ...children's COVID-19 from a pediatrician's perspective
Coronaviruses, both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, first appeared in China. They have certain biological, epidemiological and pathological similarities. To date, research has shown that their genes exhibit 79% of identical sequences and the receptor-binding domain structure is also very similar. There has been extensive research performed on SARS; however, the understanding of the pathophysiological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still limited.
This review drew upon the lessons learnt from SARS, in terms of epidemiology, clinical characteristics and pathogenesis, to further understand the features of COVID-19.
By comparing these two diseases, it found that COVID-19 has quicker and wider transmission, obvious family agglomeration, and higher morbidity and mortality. Newborns, asymptomatic children and normal chest imaging cases emerged in COVID-19 literature. Children starting with gastrointestinal symptoms may progress to severe conditions and newborns whose mothers are infected with COVID-19 could have severe complications. The laboratory test data showed that the percentage of neutrophils and the level of LDH is higher, and the number of CD4+ and CD8+T-cells is decreased in children's COVID-19 cases.
Based on these early observations, as pediatricians, this review put forward some thoughts on children's COVID-19 and gave some recommendations to contain the disease.
Psychological disorders have been proven to be associated with poor physiological, psychological and immune outcomes in cancer patients. However, despite of many challenges of the changed ...self-image/body image and the altered sexual/urinary function, relatively little is known about psychological disorders of patients with newly diagnosed bladder and kidney cancer. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the associated psychosocial factors among bladder/kidney cancer patients.
A cross-sectional study was conducted of consecutive inpatients with bladder/kidney cancer in the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University in Liaoning Province, northeast China. A total of 489 early-stage cancer patients eligible for this study completed questionnaires on demographic and clinical variables, depression, anxiety, PTSD, perceived social support and positive psychological variables (hope, optimism and resilience) anonymously during October 2013 and August 2014. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between psychosocial resources and psychological disorders, while controlling for possible covariates.
The prevalence of depression, anxiety and PTSD was 77.5%, 69.3% and 25.2%, respectively, while 24.9% of patients had psychological co-morbidity. Psychosocial resources together explained more than one-third of the variance on psychological disorders. Under standardized estimate (β) sequence, patient's perception of social support from family was significantly associated with depression, anxiety and PTSD (p < 0.01). Optimism and resilience showed integrated and independent effects on psychological disorders, and hope represented the significant association with PTSD only (p < 0.01).
The high prevalence of psychological disorders in newly diagnosed patients with early-stage bladder/kidney cancer should receive more attention in Chinese medical settings. Additionally, in consideration of the different protective effects of psychosocial resources, the present study demonstrated that one complete psychological intervention integrating the associated psychosocial factors are necessary to ameliorate psychological disorders so as to provide patients with a more holistic cancer care.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)‐induced mastitis is the most frequent, pathogenic, and prevalent infection of the mammary gland. The ligand growth arrest‐specific 6 (Gas6) is a secretory protein ...that binds to and activates Tyro3, Axl, and MerTK receptors. This study explored the role of Gas6 in S. aureus‐induced mastitis. Our results revealed that TLR receptors initiate the innate immune response in mammary gland tissues and epithelial cells and that introducing S. aureus activates TLR2 and TLR6 to drive multiple intracellular mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) pathways. Moreover, S. aureus also induces Gas6, which then activates the TAM receptor kinase pathway, which is related to the inhibition of TLR2‐ and TLR6‐mediated inflammatory pathways through SOCS1 and SOCS3 induction. Gas6 absence alone was found to be involved in the downregulation of TAM receptor‐mediated anti‐inflammatory effects by inducing significantly prominent expression of TRAF6 and low protein and messenger RNA expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3. S. aureus‐induced MAPK and NF‐ĸB p65 phosphorylation were also dependent on Gas6, which negatively regulated the production of Pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α) in S. aureus‐treated mammary tissues and mammary epithelial cells. Our in vivo and in vitro study uncovered the Gas6‐mediated negative feedback mechanism, which inhibits TLR2‐ and TLR6‐mediated MAPK and NF‐ĸB signaling by activating TAM receptor kinase (MerTK, Axl, and Tyro3) through the induction of SOCS1/SOCS3 proteins.
Our in vivo and in vitro study uncovered the Gas6‐mediated negative feedback mechanism, which inhibits TLR2‐ and TLR6‐mediated MAPK and NF‐ĸB signaling by activating TAM receptor kinase (MerTK, Axl, and Tyro3) through the induction of SOCS1/SOCS3 proteins.
Enzyme‐responsive assembly represents one of the increasingly significant topics in biomaterials research and finds feasible applications to the controlled release of therapeutic agents at specific ...sites at which the target enzymes are located. In this work, based on the concept of host–guest chemistry, a trypsin‐responsive supramolecular vesicle using p‐sulfonatocalix4arene as the macrocyclic host and natural serine protease trypsin‐cleavable cationic protein protamine as the guest molecule, is reported. The complexation of p‐sulfonatocalix4arene with protamine directs the formation of a supramolecular binary vesicle, which is dissipated by trypsin with high selectivity. Therefore, the present system represents a principle‐of‐concept to build a controlled‐release carrier at trypsin‐overexpressed sites.
Enzyme‐responsive assembly: A trypsin‐responsive supramolecular vesicle using p‐sulfonatocalix4arene as the macrocyclic host and protamine as the guest molecule is reported. The complexation of p‐sulfonatocalix4arene with protamine directs the formation of a supramolecular binary vesicle, which is dissipated by trypsin with high selectivity (see figure). This system represents a principle for building the controlled‐release carrier at trypsin‐overexpressed sites.
During the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), people are under the dual pressure of interpersonal isolation and concerns about infection. An evaluation of people's psychological status ...and risk factors is needed to conduct target interventions.
This was a nationwide, multicenter, cross-sectional study using quota and snowball sampling methods during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Participants' characteristics and experiences were obtained by an online questionnaire and telephone review. Psychological distress and sleep problems were measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Insomnia Severity Index.
A total of 23,500 participants were recruited, and 19,372 valid questionnaires were received from 11 centers. Overall, 11.0-13.3% of the participants had anxiety, depression, or insomnia symptoms, and 1.9-2.7% had severe symptoms. The prevalence of psychological and sleep problems has increased. Working as frontline medical staff (Odds Ratio OR = 3.406), living in Hubei Province (OR = 2.237), close contacts with COVID-19 (OR = 1.808), and age 35-49 years (OR = 1.310) were risk factors for anxiety symptoms; no outside activity for 2 weeks (OR = 2.167) and age 35-49 years (OR = 1.198) were risk factors for depression symptoms; and living in Hubei Province (OR = 2.376), no outside activity for 2 weeks (OR = 1.927), and age 35-49 years (OR = 1.262) were risk factors for insomnia symptoms. Only 1.9% of participants received counseling during the epidemic.
Psychological and sleep problems increased during interpersonal isolation due to COVID-19. Current psychological interventions are far from sufficient.
VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway is the central therapeutic target in anti-angiogenic treatment in multiple cancers. However, little work has been carried out concerning the pro-malignancy functions of VEGFR2 ...that are independent of its pro-angiogenesis effects in gastric cancer. Here, we demonstrated that VEGFR2 up-regulation in gastric cancer tissues was a prognostic marker for poor disease-free survival and overall survival of gastric cancer patients.
Immunohistochemistry was used to detect VEGFR2 and VTN expressions in specimens. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed for survival analysis. Stably knockdown cell lines and overexpression cell lines were constructed by small interfering RNA and plasmids transfection. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to confirm the expressions of target genes at both RNA and protein levels. Cell proliferation was measured by using Cell Counting Kit-8 and xenograft models. Microarray and bioinformatic analysis were also performed to identify the relationship between Vitronectin (VTN) and VEGFR2.
When overexpressed in gastric cancer cells, VEGFR2 increased cellular proliferation and invasion in vitro and tumor formation in xenograft models. By using integrating microarray and bioinformatic analysis, we identifiedVTN as a downstream of VEGFR2 pathway. In gain- and loss-of function analysis in gastric cancer cells, VTN was further verified in consistent with VEGFR2 in expression levels and in regulating cell growth and motility in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, in gastric cancer samples, VTN was as also revealed as a poor prognostic factor.
Our present findings defined a novel activity for VEGFR2 in promoting tumorogenicity, motility and indicating a poor survival in gastric cancer beyond its known pro-angiogenic effects.
Our present findings defined a novel activity for VEGFR2 in promoting tumorogenicity, motility and indicating a poor survival in gastric cancer beyond its known pro-angiogenic effects, which may provide a new and valuable target for design of therapies for intervention and a new cognitive perspective for the anti-angiogenesis therapies.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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