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•A recovery system with LiMn2O4/Li1-xMn2O4 as electrodes was used to extract lithium.•The influence sequence of coexisting ions on lithium extraction was Mg2+> Na+> Ca2+> K+.•The ...values of αLi-Na, αLi-Mg and αLi-Ca were more than 300, 70 and 110, respectively.•The specific energy consumption was between 18 and 19W h·mol−1.
Lithium rechargeable batteries have been used for lithium extraction in recent years. Here, we report on a highly selective lithium recovery system that consists of a LiMn2O4 positive electrode, a Li1-xMn2O4 negative electrode and a monovalent selective anion-exchange membrane. The effect of potential, temperature and coexisting ions on lithium extraction were investigated in this paper, and the lithium recovery system was applied to extract lithium from brine and concentrated seawater. The extraction capacity of Li+ reached 34.31 mg· (1g LiMn2O4) −1 at 1.2V. With higher reaction rate and lower energy consumption, 25°C (room temperature) was considered as the appropriate temperature. The system still remained high selective for Li+ even in the presence of impurity ions (K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+). With simulated brine and concentrated seawater as source solutions, the concentrations of Na+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ were reduced more than 300, 70 and 100 times, consuming 18–19W h per mole of lithium recovered. And the electrodes still had high separation coefficients of Li+ and Men+ (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+) after five cycles although a slight drop was existing.
In this article, complete and complete integral convergence theorems are obtained for arrays of row wise widely negative dependent random variables under the sub-linear expectations. We improve the ...results by (Lin and Feng
2019
) and extend some complete moment convergence theorems in (Wu, Wang, and Rosalsky
2018
) from the classical probability space to the sub-linear expectation space.
Polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) affect the immune defense function on carp (Cyprinus carpio). The PS-MPs model of carp was established by feeding with PS-MPs particle size of 8 µm and ...concentration of 1000 ng/L water. Hepatopancreas function test revealed the activities of AKP, ALT, AST and LDH abnormal increase. PS-MPs induced tissue damage and lead to abnormal hepatopancreas function. The PS-MPs also induced a oxidative stress with the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, GSH-PX, and T-AOC activities decreasing and reactive oxygen species (ROS) excessive accumulation. PS-MPs activated the Toll like receptor-2 (TLR2) signaling pathway. The mRNA and protein expressions of TLR2, Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), NF-κB p65, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), and cycooxygenase 2(COX2) was revealed increased in both hepatopancreas and hepatocytes with the qPCR and Western blotting analysis mode. ELISA showed the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX2 inflammatory molecule were increased in both hepatopancreas and hepatocytes. The results showed that PS-MPs caused a serious injure in the hepatopancreas and brought serious effects on the inflammatory response of carp. The present study displayed the harm caused by PS-MPs in freshwater fish, and provided some suggestions and references for toxicological studies of microplastics in freshwater environment.
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•PS-MPs caused injury and abnormal function in the hepatopancreas of carp.•PS-MPs induced inflammation by excessive accumulation of ROS in liver of carp.•The TLR2 signal is the key role on the hepatopancreas damage with PS-MPs.
The human thalamus is an integrative hub richly connected with cortical networks, involving diverse cognitive functions. Emerging evidence suggests that multiscale structural and functional gradients ...integrate various information across modalities into an abstract representation. However, the presence of functional gradients in the thalamus and its relationship to structural properties and cognitive functions remain unknown. We estimated the functional gradients of the thalamus in two independent normal cohorts using a novel diffusion embedding analysis. We identified two main axes of the functional connectivity patterns, and examined associations with thalamic anatomy, morphology, intrinsic geometry, and specific behavioral relevance. We found that the dominant gradient indicated a lateral/medial axis across the thalamus and captured associations with anatomical nuclei and gray matter volume. The second gradient was an anterior/posterior axis and provided a behavioral characterization from lower level perception to higher level cognition. Furthermore, these two gradients strongly correlated with spatial distance, indicating the prominence of intrinsic geometry in functional hierarchies. These findings were replicated in an independent dataset. Overall, our findings suggested that macroscale gradients showed a coordination of structural and functional interactions, with hierarchical organization contributing to behavior characterization.
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•The thalamic gradients describe lateral/medial and anterior/posterior axes.•The first gradient captures associations to thalamic structural properties.•The second gradient provides a framework for behavioral relevance.•Gradients emphasize a prominence of intrinsic geometry in functional hierarchy.
In late December, 2019, patients presenting with viral pneumonia due to an unidentified microbial agent were reported in Wuhan, China. A novel coronavirus was subsequently identified as the causative ...pathogen, provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). As of Jan 26, 2020, more than 2000 cases of 2019-nCoV infection have been confirmed, most of which involved people living in or visiting Wuhan, and human-to-human transmission has been confirmed.
We did next-generation sequencing of samples from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and cultured isolates from nine inpatients, eight of whom had visited the Huanan seafood market in Wuhan. Complete and partial 2019-nCoV genome sequences were obtained from these individuals. Viral contigs were connected using Sanger sequencing to obtain the full-length genomes, with the terminal regions determined by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Phylogenetic analysis of these 2019-nCoV genomes and those of other coronaviruses was used to determine the evolutionary history of the virus and help infer its likely origin. Homology modelling was done to explore the likely receptor-binding properties of the virus.
The ten genome sequences of 2019-nCoV obtained from the nine patients were extremely similar, exhibiting more than 99·98% sequence identity. Notably, 2019-nCoV was closely related (with 88% identity) to two bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21, collected in 2018 in Zhoushan, eastern China, but were more distant from SARS-CoV (about 79%) and MERS-CoV (about 50%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 2019-nCoV fell within the subgenus Sarbecovirus of the genus Betacoronavirus, with a relatively long branch length to its closest relatives bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21, and was genetically distinct from SARS-CoV. Notably, homology modelling revealed that 2019-nCoV had a similar receptor-binding domain structure to that of SARS-CoV, despite amino acid variation at some key residues.
2019-nCoV is sufficiently divergent from SARS-CoV to be considered a new human-infecting betacoronavirus. Although our phylogenetic analysis suggests that bats might be the original host of this virus, an animal sold at the seafood market in Wuhan might represent an intermediate host facilitating the emergence of the virus in humans. Importantly, structural analysis suggests that 2019-nCoV might be able to bind to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor in humans. The future evolution, adaptation, and spread of this virus warrant urgent investigation.
National Key Research and Development Program of China, National Major Project for Control and Prevention of Infectious Disease in China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong First Medical University.
A lack of the trace element zinc (Zn) in freshwater environments causes slow growth and malnutrition and affects the normal biological functions of organisms. In this study, a Zn deficiency model of ...grass carp hepatocytes was established with TPEN. Acetylcysteine (NAC) was used as an inhibitor. TPEN was added to L8824 cell culture medium, and LDH, AST, ALT, and AKP activities were enhanced in a Zn-deficient environment, leading to abnormal hepatopancreas function. Fluorescence microscopy showed an increase in ROS levels, and antioxidant enzyme activity assays revealed that SOD, CAT, GSH-PX, and T-AOC activities were decreased, indicating oxidative stress caused by Zn deficiency. The RT‒PCR results showed that the mRNA expression of GRP78, PERK, EIF2α, ATF4, and Chop was increased due to the addition of TPEN. Calcium kits showed increased Ca2+ levels. The RT‒PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of Caspase-12, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, and PARP apoptotic were increased due to the addition of TPEN. RT‒PCR and ELISA showed that the expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were increased. This led to the conclusion that Zn deficiency in the freshwater environment caused inflammation and apoptosis in hepatocytes in grass carp. For the first time, apoptosis caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress in grass carp hepatocytes due to Zn deficiency was studied in the context of Ca2+. The present study provided some insight into the adverse effects of Zn deficiency in freshwater environments on fish.
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•The trace element zinc deficiency induced Endoplasmic reticulum stress by excessive accumulation of ROS in hepatopancreas of grass carp.•Zinc deficiency causes the imbalance of Ca2+ homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum of grass carp hepatocytes.•The Calpain 2/Caspase 12 Signaling pathway is the crucial role on the grass carp hepatopancreas damage with zinc deficiency.
The efficient removal of radioactive uranium from aqueous solution is of great significance for the safe and sustainable development of nuclear power. An ultrathin 2D metal–organic framework (MOF) ...nanosheet with cavity structures was elaborately fabricated based on a calix4arene ligand. Incorporating the permanent cavity structures on MOF nanosheet can fully utilize its structural characteristics of largely exposed surface area and accessible adsorption sites in pollutant removal, achieving ultrafast adsorption kinetics, and the functionalized cavity structure would endow the MOF nanosheets with the ability to achieve preconcentration and extraction of uranium from aqueous solution, affording ultrahigh removal efficiency even in ultra‐low concentrations. Thus, more than 97% uranium can be removed from the concentration range of 50–500 µg L−1 within 5 min. Moreover, the 2D nano‐material exhibits ultra‐high anti‐interference ability, which can efficiently remove uranium from groundwater and seawater. The adsorption mechanism was investigated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which revealed that the cavity structure plays an important role in uranium capture. This study not only realizes highly efficient uranium removal from aqueous solution but also opens the door to achieving ultrathin MOF nanosheets with cavity structures, which will greatly expand the applications of MOF nanosheets.
A carboxylate‐functionalized 2D metal–organic framework (MOF) nanosheet with cage‐like cavities was constructed based on the calix4arene, which not only facilitates MOF exfoliation and pollutant capture but also prevents pollutant desorption. The as‐synthesized MOF nanosheets show an ultrahigh selectivity and anti‐interference performance for uranium.
Lead sulfide (PbS) quantum dots (QDs) are important near infrared (NIR) luminescent materials with tunable and strong emission covering a broad NIR region. However, their optical properties are quite ...sensitive to air, water, and high temperature due to the surface oxidation, thus limiting their applications in optoelectronic devices and biological imaging. Herein, a cation-doping strategy is presented to make a series of high-quality Zn-doped PbS QDs with strong emission covering whole second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1,000-1,700 nm). First-principle calculations confirmed that Zn dopants formed dopant states and decreased the recombination energy gap of host PbS. Notably, the Zn dopants significantly improved the quantum yield, photoluminescence lifetime and thermal stability of PbS QDs. Moreover, the PEGylated Zn-doped PbS QDs emitting in the NIR-llb window (1,500-1,700 nm) realized the noninvasive imaging of cerebral vascular of mouse with high resolution, being able to distinguish blood capillary. This material not only provides a new tool for deep tissue fluorescence imaging, but is also promising for the development of other NIR related devices.
In February 2020, the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) was raging in Wuhan, China and quickly spreading to the rest of the world. This period was fraught with uncertainty for those in the affected areas. ...The present investigation examined the role of two potential coping resources during this stressful period of uncertainty: flow and mindfulness. Participants in Wuhan and other major cities affected by COVID-19 (N = 5115) completed an online survey assessing subjective experiences of flow, mindfulness, and well-being. Longer quarantine was associated with poorer well-being; flow and mindfulness were associated with better well-being on some measures. However, flow-but not mindfulness-moderated the link between quarantine length and well-being, such that people who experienced high levels flow showed little or no association between quarantine length and poorer well-being. These findings suggest that experiencing flow (typically by engaging in flow-inducing activities) may be a particularly effective way to protect against potentially deleterious effects of a period of quarantine.
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Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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