Textile‐based electronic techniques that can in real‐time and noncontact detect the respiration rate and respiratory arrest are highly desired for human health monitoring. Yarn‐shaped humidity sensor ...is fabricated based on a sensitive fiber with relatively high specific surface area and abnormal cross‐section. The response and recovery time of the yarn‐shaped humidity sensor is only 3.5 and 4 s, respectively, with little hysteresis, because of the hydrophobic property of these functional fibers and the grooves on the surface of the fibers, which is much faster than those of the commercial polyimide materials. Moreover, a battery‐free LC wireless testing system combined with the yarn‐shaped sensor is fabricated, which is further successfully imbedded into the intelligent mask to detect human breath. Based on the detection of LC wireless testing system, the frequency of 50.25 MHz under the exhaled condition shifts to 50.86 MHz under the inhaled situation of humidity sensor. In essence, the functional yarns with proper structure, would be an excellent candidature to the yarn‐shaped humidity sensor, in which there are good performance and wide application possibilities, eventually offering a facile method for the wireless detection of human physiological signals in the field of electronic fabrics.
A yarn‐shaped humidity sensor is fabricated using sensitive fibers with a relatively high surface area and specific cross‐section. It exhibits an extraordinary humidity sensitivity performance with little hysteresis. A full‐textile wireless and battery‐free humidity sensitive system is then successfully developed for the detection of human physiological signals, i.e., the respiration rate and respiratory arrest.
The ability to pattern natural polymers at different scales is extremely important for many research areas, such as cell culture, regenerative medicine, bioelectronics, tissue engineering, degradable ...implants, and photonics. For the first time, the use of wool keratin (WK) as a structural biomaterial for fabricating precise protein microarchitectures is presented. Through straightforward biochemical processes, modified WK proteins become intrinsically photoreactive without significant changes in protein structure or function. Under light irradiation, intermolecular chemical crosslinking between WK molecules can be successfully initiated by using commercially available photoinitiators. As a result, high‐performance WK patterning on the micrometer scale (µm) can be achieved through a combination of water‐based photolithography techniques. By simply mixing with nanoparticles, enzymes, and other dopants, various “functional WK resists” can be generated. In addition, without the addition of any cell‐adhesive ligands, these patterned protein microstructures are demonstrated as bio‐friendly cellular substrates for the spatial guidance of cells on their surface. Furthermore, periodic microfabricated WK structures in complex patterns that display typical iridescent behavior can be designed and formed over macroscale areas (cm).
“Photoresist‐like” wool keratin is used for fabricating well‐defined, high‐quality, and high‐resolution protein patterns over large areas via direct‐write photolithography without the need of toxic chemicals, high temperature, or harsh processing conditions. Moreover, the design and development of such large‐scale sustainable protein microstructures have widespread applications, such as the spatial guidance of cells and soft optical systems.
Turning insulating silk fibroin materials into conductive ones turns out to be the essential step toward achieving active silk flexible electronics. This work aims to acquire electrically conductive ...biocompatible fibers of regenerated Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) materials based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) templated nucleation reconstruction of silk fibroin networks. The electronical conductivity of the reconstructed mesoscopic functional fibers can be tuned by the density of the incorporated CNTs. It follows that the hybrid fibers experience an abrupt increase in conductivity when exceeding the percolation threshold of CNTs >35 wt%, which leads to the highest conductivity of 638.9 S m−1 among organic‐carbon‐based hybrid fibers, and 8 times higher than the best available materials of the similar types. In addition, the silk‐CNT mesoscopic hybrid materials achieve some new functionalities, i.e., humidity‐responsive conductivity, which is attributed to the coupling of the humidity inducing cyclic contraction of SFs and the conductivity of CNTs. The silk‐CNT materials, as a type of biocompatible electronic functional fibrous material for pressure and electric response humidity sensing, are further fabricated into a smart facial mask to implement respiration condition monitoring for remote diagnosis and medication.
A new conceptual silk meso‐fibrous material for biocompatible electronic applications is developed by carbon nanotubes meso reconstruction. It can be adopted to fabricate various fibrous sensors, i.e., electronic humidity sensors. In combination with internet of things (IoTs) and artificial intelligence technologies, a remote respiratory condition monitoring and diagnosis can be achieved.
The Sn
4
P
3
anode of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) exhibits a high theoretical specific capacity of 1255 mAh g
−1
, close to three times that of graphite. Nevertheless, Sn
4
P
3
encounters serious ...volume expansion during cycling and then the electrochemical performance worsens. In addition, the electronic conductivity of Sn
4
P
3
needs to be further improved. Sn
4
P
3
/Sn@C-N composites have been successfully prepared via a solid-state route in the work. The presence of N-doped C can effectively prevent the volume expansion and improve the electronic conductivity of Sn
4
P
3
. The introduction of Sn active material can provide extra capacity and also enhance the electronic conductivity of Sn
4
P
3
. Sn
4
P
3
/Sn@C-N-II with a carbon content of 28.8 wt.% shows good electrochemical performance. A total of 415 mAh g
−1
is delivered after 300 cycles at 500 mA g
−1
. After 160 cycles at 100 mA g
−1
, 695.5 mAh g
−1
can still be remained. The constructed unique structure enables Sn
4
P
3
/Sn@C-N-II to be a promising anode of LIBs.
Intelligent textile that endow traditional fabric with functionalities have attracted increasing attention. In this research work, we fabricated a flexible and wearable pressure sensor with ...conductive nylon fabric as the electrodes and elastomer Ecoflex as the dielectric layer. The conductive nylon fabric in the twill structure, which showed a high conductivity of 0.268 Ω·cm (specific resistance), was prepared by magnetron sputtering with silver films. The flexible pressure sensor shows a high sensitivity of 0.035 kPa−1, a good linear response under pressure from 0 to 16 kPa, and a quick response time of 0.801 s. The fabricated pressure sensor was found to be highly reproducible and repeatable against repeated mechanical loads for 9500 times, with a small capacitance loss rate of 0.0534. The fabric-based flexible and wearable sensor with good properties can be incorporated into a fabric garment by the hot-pressing method without sacrificing comfort, which can then be used for human motion detecting or touch sensing. The smart glove with finger touch function was proved to be efficient in Morse code editing, which has potential for information transfer in the military field.
Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) restricts platelet activation via platelet collagen receptor GPVI/FcRγ-chain. In this study, screening against collagen-induced ...platelet aggregation was performed to identify functional CEACAM1 extracellular domain fragments. CEACAM1 fragments, including Ala-substituted peptides, were synthesized. Platelet assays were conducted on healthy donor samples for aggregation, cytotoxicity, adhesion, spreading, and secretion. Mice were used for tail bleeding and FeCl
-induced thrombosis experiments. Clot retraction was assessed using platelet-rich plasma. Extracellular segments of CEACAM1 and A1 domain-derived peptide QDTT were identified, while N, A2, and B domains showed no involvement. QDTT inhibited platelet aggregation. Ala substitution for essential amino acids (Asp139, Thr141, Tyr142, Trp144, and Trp145) in the QDTT sequence abrogated collagen-induced aggregation inhibition. QDTT also suppressed platelet secretion and "inside-out" GP IIb/IIIa activation by convulxin, along with inhibiting PI3K/Akt pathways. QDTT curtailed FeCl
-induced mesenteric thrombosis without significantly prolonging bleeding time, implying the potential of CEACAM1 A1 domain against platelet activation without raising bleeding risk, thus paving the way for novel antiplatelet drugs.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This novel materials assembly technology endows the designated materials with additional/enhanced performance by fixing “functional components” into the materials. Such functional components are ...molecularly recognized and accommodated by the designated materials. In this regard, two‐photon fluorescence (TPF) organic molecules and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) are adopted as functional components to functionalize silk fibers and films. TPF organic molecules, such as, 2,7‐bis2‐(4‐nitrophenyl) ethenyl‐9,9‐dibutylfluorene (NM), exhibit TPF emission quenching because of the molecular stacking that leads to aggregation in the solid form. The specific recognition between ‐NO2 in the annealed fluorescent molecules and the ‐NH groups in the silk fibroin molecules decouples the aggregated molecules. This gives rise to a significant increase in the TPF quantum yields of the silk fibers. Similarly, as another type of functional components, CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with different sizes were also adopted in the silk functionalization method. Compared to QDs in solution the fluorescence properties of functionalized silk materials display a long stability at room temperature. As the functional materials are well dispersed at high quantum yields in the biocompatible silk a TPF microscope can be used to pursue 3D high‐resolution imaging in real time of the TPF–silk scaffold.
Silk fibroin composite materials with fluorescence properties are used as an example for illustrating our novel, universal, material‐assembly method. Molecular recognition and structural incorporation are two technical key elements for our material‐assembly method, which shows unique advantages for bio‐imaging, optoelectronics, biomedical, and chemical science applications.
The transport of mobile colloidal particles with organic pollutants in porous media has attracted considerable attention. Aniline and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), as aromatic compounds and key ...components of energetic materials, are continuously released into the environment. This study compared the co-transport of loess colloidal particles with aniline and TNT, aiming to investigate the influence of structural and physicochemical properties of the pollutants. The colloids were prepared and characterized, and static adsorption and dynamic column experiments were conducted. The results indicate that the adsorption processes of aniline and TNT both conformed to the quasi-second-order kinetic and the intra-particle diffusion models, with aniline exhibiting higher rate constants than TNT. The main adsorption mechanism involved van der Waals force, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interaction. Response surface experiments indicated that the adsorption capacity increased with higher initial concentration of organic compound but decreased with larger particle size and higher Na+ concentration. In column experiments, the adsorption of loess colloid particles on aniline and TNT was strongly correlated with the concentration of loess colloid particles. Loess colloid particles could be used as carriers to enhance the co-transport, with aniline exhibiting a faster transport rate due to the differences in polarity and molecular structure compared to TNT. In summary, loess colloidal particles enhanced the transport behavior of aniline and TNT in saturated loess columns. The differences in polarity and molecular structure of aniline and TNT further affect their co-transport mechanism in loess.
Based on the Ciqu station project of Beijing Metro Line 17, this paper studies the influence of metro proximity construction in confined water stratum on the existing station, and puts forward ...relevant deformation control measures to solve the technical problem of new station zero distance under the complex geological conditions. Based on the systematic study of decompression and precipitation, embedment depth of ground wall and ground load of existing station, it is found that the deformation of existing station can be well controlled by taking precise precipitation, appropriately increasing embedment depth of ground wall and ground load of existing station at the same time, so as to achieve safe construction. Studies have shown that in the case of the existing station structure with deformation joints, the internal force of the structure is reduced by 58% compared with that of the station without deformation joints, The allowable deformation of existing station structure with reserved deformation joints is more than 3 times higher than that without reserved deformation joints, The existence of deformation joints improves the anti-damage ability of existing stations.
Highlights
Materials with contradictory performance were prepared using wool keratin (WK).
WK used for in situ preparation of AuNPs and N-doped carbon precursor as well.
Two- and three-electrode ...flexible strip sensors designed for pH and UA detection.
Flexible biosensors with high accuracy and reliable operation in detecting pH and uric acid levels in body fluids are fabricated using well-engineered metal-doped porous carbon as electrode material. The gold nanoparticles@N-doped carbon in situ are prepared using wool keratin as both a novel carbon precursor and a stabilizer. The conducting electrode material is fabricated at 500 °C under customized parameters, which mimics A–B type (two different repeating units) polymeric material and displays excellent deprotonation performance (pH sensitivity). The obtained pH sensor exhibits high pH sensitivity of 57 mV/pH unit and insignificant relative standard deviation of 0.088%. Conversely, the composite carbon material with
sp
2
structure prepared at 700 °C is doped with nitrogen and gold nanoparticles, which exhibits good conductivity and electrocatalytic activity for uric acid oxidation. The uric acid sensor has linear response over a range of 1–150 µM and a limit of detection 0.1 µM. These results will provide new avenues where biological material will be the best start, which can be useful to target contradictory applications through molecular engineering at mesoscale.
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