The performance of Picralima nitida extract (PNE) in bio-coagulation-flocculation (BCF) for the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in municipal solid waste leachate (MSWL) was studied. The PNE ...was characterised via Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The process was modelled using both the response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods, and their prognostic capabilities established. The coagulant precursor was found to contain protein (28.4%) which is an active component of a good coagulant for neutralisation and adsorption of the colloidal particles. C=O, O–H, and N-H functional groups were present in the extract which are preferred for BCF process. This process was effectively optimised (COD = 75.25 ± 0.5%) to achieve the best removal at pH = 2.3, PNE dosage = 0.38 g/L, and time = 28.22. min. The analysis of variance indicated that the RSM model was statistically suitable for the interpretation of the processes at the studied range. The RSM and ANN were capable of predicting the COD reduction process with the latter giving the best prediction with lesser error and nonlinear relationship. Though ANN had superior accuracy, RSM has the advantage of giving a predictive equation and showing the effect of operating factors and their interactions on the response compared. The mechanisms of the process were charge neutralisation, adsorption and bridging.
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•Picralima nitida extract was used for bio-coagulation-flocculation of MSW leachate.•The coagulant precursor was found to contain a good amount of protein (28.4%).•COD (75.67%) was significantly reduced by the process.•Modelling was done by RSM and ANN and the latter gave a more accurate prediction.
The current research reports the performance of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methane sulfonate (C4MIMOMs(IL)) as effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. For proper ...evaluation, weight loss, electrochemical study, theoretical modeling and optimization techniques were used. Weight loss and electrochemical methods shows that the inhibition performance of C4MIMOMs on the metal surface strengthens as the concentration increases. Maximum inhibition efficiency of 85.71%, 92.5% and 91.1% at 0.8 g L-1 concentration of C4MIMOMs were obtained from the weight loss, polarization and impedance studies, respectively. In addition, response surface methodology (RSM) a statistical tool was used for modeling and optimization of the empirical data. The RSM model validates the empirical findings. Also, DFT/MD-simulation investigations evidenced that C4MIMOMs forms a barrier film on the mild steel surface. The result shows that the synthesized C4MIMOMs could open up opportunities in corrosion and materials protection for sustainability.
Background
The areas of application of natural fibres have gained popularity in recent times due to their attractive advantages when compared with other materials of engineering. These advantages ...include lightness, cost-effectiveness, and ease of processing, ecological friendliness, and durability. Previously, farmers only harvest
Musa
spp. fruits for their food values and packaging purposes.
Main body of the abstract
Several research works have been undertaken which accentuate the applications of the assumed waste portions of
Musa
spp. (banana and plantain) specifically
Musa
spp. fibre as a reinforcement material in composite manufacture. As a material for reinforcement in composites, the characterization, treatment, and fabrication techniques; elemental, chemical, and mechanical properties of
Musa
spp. fibre have been analysed. The mechanical properties of banana fibre reinforcement in polyester, epoxy, cement, and plastics composites were evaluated with those of other biodegradable fibres to explicate their relationships.
Short conclusion
This review aims to explore the current state of knowledge on the interaction of
Musa
spp. fibre in composite manufacture, to aid intending researchers with ample knowledge on the choice of material in bio-based composite design.
Biodiesel was produced through transesterification of refined cotton seed oil with methanol and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst using batch mode. The physicochemical properties of cotton seed ...oil and biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engine was characterized through ASTM standards for fuel tests. The functional groups of the biodiesel were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Influence of key parameters like reaction temperature, reaction time, catalyst concentration and methanol/oil molar ratio were determined using batch mode. These process parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significance of the different process parameters and their combined effects on the transesterification efficiency were established through a full factorial central composite design. The results obtained are in good agreement with published data for other vegetable oil biodiesel as well as various international standards for biodiesel fuel. An optimum yield of 96% was achieved with optimal conditions of methanol/oil molar ratio, 6:1; temperature, 55°C; time, 60min; and catalyst concentration, 0.6%. This investigation has shown that cotton seed oil from Nigeria can be used to produce biodiesel.
Maximizing the use of natural fibres as ecofriendly materials in polymer composite applications reduces its threat posed to human through increased biomass in the environment. In this study, the ...effect of chemical surface modifications using acetic anhydride and sodium hydroxide solution on the mechanical properties of Combretum dolichopetalum fibre-HDPE composites was aimed to be investigated. Fibres were treated with 6% acetic anhydride and 12% NaOH solutions for 30 minutes at room temperature based on optimum treatment conditions after water retting extraction process, then, the composites were prepared. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, hardness and impact strength) of the C. dolichopetalum fibre reinforced HDPE matrix composites and scanning electron microscope analysis were studied. C. dolichopetalum fibre was not only effective as reinforcement of HDPE matrix but mercerization and acetylation of C. dolichopetalum fibre ultimately enhanced the mechanical properties ofHDPE composites. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed that HDPE matrix possess better adhesive interaction with acetylated and mercerized C. dolichopetalum fibre compared with untreated C. dolichopetalum fibre at ultimate tensile strength. Keywords: Combretum dolichopetalum, fibre, mechanical properties, HDPE matrix, mercerization, acetylation
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Chrysophyllum albidium
seed shell, an abundant, biodegradable and inexpensive natural resource was used as a precursor to bioadsorbent production for the removal of suspended and dissolved particles ...(SDP) from initially coagulated Brewery Effluent (BRE). Influence of key parameters such as contact time, bioadsorbent dose, pH and temperature were investigated using batch mode. The thermal behavior studies were evaluated using Thermogravimetric and Differential scanning calorimetric analyses. The morphological observations and functional groups of the bioadsorbents were determined using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium, thermodynamics and kinetic of SDP adsorption on H
3
PO
4
-treated shell and NH
4
Cl-treated shell were examined at specified temperatures. Equilibrium data sufficiently fitted the Langmuir isotherm model (
R
2
> 0.99;
SSE
< 0.09). The pseudo-second order kinetic model provided the best correlation (
R
2
> 0.99;
SSE
< 0.14) with the experimental data. The values of
ΔG°
and
ΔH°
indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the process. This study demonstrated that
C. albidium
seed shell could be utilized as low cost, renewable, ecofriendly bioadsorbent for the uptake of SDP from BRE.
Afzelia africana (A. africana) wood sawdust, an abundant and eco-friendly waste in Nigeria, was used as a precursor for the production of biosorbent for the adsorptive removal of suspended and ...dissolved particles (SDP) from coagulated brewery effluent. Effects of important parameters such as contact time, biosorbent dose, pH and temperature were studied via batch mode. The thermal behavior of the biosorbents was investigated using thermo-gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analyses. The surface morphology and functional groups of the biosorbents were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The equilibrium, thermodynamics and kinetics of SDP adsorption on H
3
PO
4
- and NH
4
Cl-treated sawdust carbon were examined at specified temperatures. Equilibrium data adequately fitted the Langmuir isotherm model (R
2
> 0.99; SSE < 0.09). The pseudo-second order kinetic model provided the best fit (R
2
> 0.99; SSE < 0.14) for the experimental data. The values of ΔG° and ΔH° indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic in nature. This study indicates that A. africana sawdust could be applied as cheap and renewable biosorbent for the treatment of brewery effluent.
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