Education is indispensable for the flourishing of people from all backgrounds and stages of life. However, given the accelerating demographic, environmental, economical, socio-political, and ...technological changes—and their associated risks and opportunities—there is increasing consensus that our current educational systems are falling short and that we need to repurpose education and rethink the organization of learning to meet the challenges of the 21st century. The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) “Futures of Education” initiative was formally launched at the United Nations General Assembly in 2019 to provide such a vision of education for the future. The International Scientific and Evidence-based Education (ISEE) Assessment synthesizes knowledge streams generated by different communities and stakeholders at all levels and scales and will thereby essentially contribute to re-envisioning this future of education. The overall aim of the ISEE Assessment is to pool the expertise from a broad range of knowledge holders and stakeholders to undertake a scientifically robust and evidence-based assessment in an open and inclusive manner of our current educational systems and its necessary reforms. In this commentary, we discuss the aims and goals of the ISEE Assessment. We describe how the ISEE Assessment will address key questions on the purpose of education and what, how, where and when we learn, and evaluate the alignment of today’s education and theory of learning with the current and forthcoming needs and challenges and to inform policymaking for future education.
The use of the volatile-producing fungus
Muscodor albus for the biological control of soil-borne diseases in greenhouse soilless growing mix was investigated. Fresh rye grain culture of
M. albus ...incorporated into
Rhizoctonia solani-infested growing mix at a rate of 15
g/L or greater provided complete control of damping-off of broccoli seedlings; restoring seedling emergence to levels similar to the non-infested control without deleterious effect to plant growth. The effect of the treatment was essentially local, suggesting that the volatile compounds associated with disease control moved little in the growing mix. Treatment with
M. albus was effective at a range of temperatures, from 4 to 22
°C. The ability of
M. albus to control damping-off declined rapidly after its incorporation to the growing mix, suggesting that its activity takes place in the initial hours of treatment. In treated mix, damping-off remained under control regardless of planting time after treatment, suggesting that a biological fumigation had killed
R. solani. M. albus also completely controlled root rot of bell pepper caused by
Phytophthora capsici. Bell pepper and cosmos showed increased growth when planted in non-infested mix treated with
M. albus. Since the sterilization of the growing mix by autoclaving had a similar effect on plant growth, it is hypothesized that
M. albus enhances growth by controlling deleterious microorganisms that often contaminate commercial growing mixes.
This paper deals with strengthening statically indeterminate reinforced concrete (RC) beams with carbon and glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) rods by using the Near Surface Mounted (NSM) ...technique. The test program consisted of six two-span beams; one control beam, which had exploited for comparison purposes, and five others initially strengthened in flexure with NSM-FRP rods in both hogging and sagging regions. The main test parameters were type, ratio and length of the FRP bars as well as characteristics of the filling material. The study presents and discusses their impacts on the global flexural behavior of continuous RC beam that mainly includes investigating the overall capacity, failure mode, moment redistribution and ductility state.
All NSM-FRP strengthened beams displayed higher overall capacity than the control beam; the test results showed that implementing the NSM technique in an appropriate way could significantly improve the yielding capacity and load-carrying capacity of RC beams without large decrease in the ductility index or the moment redistribution degree despite the non-conventional failure mode. The beam failure was primary affected by the strengthening length; terminating the FRP bars before the zero moment point caused to change the failure mode from pull out of the FRP bars to premature peeling off of the concrete cover. On the other hand, moment redistribution and ductility of the NSM-FRP beams were negatively affected by: (I) Increasing the FRP reinforcement, (II) Decreasing the FRP length or (III) Using mortar as a filling material instead of epoxy-resin. Adopting a nonlinear analysis of the cross-sections could accurately quantify the moment–curvature and the ultimate load of the NSM-FRP continuous beams.
In the science education classical view of conceptual change, making students aware of their conceptions is practically always considered as being an essential step toward learning. This research ...investigates the effect of classroom explicitation of initial conceptions (CEIC) on conceptual change in the context of learning electricity. Eight hundred and seventy five thirteen year-olds from twenty-three schools of the province of Quebec, Canada were tested in laboratory conditions to see if CEIC is or is not a productive step toward conceptual change. All students experienced a problem-based pedagogical treatment called 'the electronic challenge'. The randomly determined experimental group was also exposed to CEIC. Data shows a significant beneficial effect of CEIC and no unwanted 'contamination effect', particularly for female subjects. Author abstract, ed
This paper presents an experimental program that was carried out for the purpose of studying the global flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened internally with Carbon Fiber ...Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) rods using the Side Near Surface Mounted (SNSM) technique. The CFRP rods were placed laterally, adjacent to the longitudinal steel bars inside precut grooves. The strengthening length and position of CFRP rods as well as the type of filling material were the main variables investigated in this study. Moreover, a detailed comparison between the Side Near Surface Mounted (SNSM) and the Near Surface Mounted (NSM) techniques for the strengthening of RC beams using CFRP rods was conducted as well; in order to validate and assess the effectiveness of the SNSM technique.
The test results showed that using the SNSM-CFRP rods technique allowed improving in a significant way the load carrying capacity of RC beams but decreased their ductility along the deflection at maximum load. The results obtained indicated that the failure mode was influenced by the length of CFRP rods and the filling material characteristics, while the strengthening position did not have significant impact. The SNSM strengthening technique can be used as an alternative method to the NSM method, and in some cases, it may be used to prevent the non-conventional failure modes, due to degradation of the NSM strengthening system, such as the pull out of CFRP-rods or premature debonding failure. The conventional analytical model accurately predicted the strength capacity and mid-span deflection of the SNSM strengthened beams.
Certains apprentissages, réalisés à l'intérieur de séances rééducatives, ne se transfèrent pas à la compétence à lire des élèves en difficulté lors de situations authentiques de lecture. Cette étude ...a donc vérifié l'efficacité d'une intervention orthopédagogique basée sur l'enseignement explicite et stratégique en lecture sur le transfert d'habiletés d'identification de mots en situation authentique de lecture chez des élèves en difficulté du primaire. Un devis expérimental à cas unique a permis de mesurer les progrès des participants (N = 3) qui ont bénéficié d'une rééducation pendant quatre semaines. Les résultats montrent dans quelle mesure l'intervention a favorisé ou non l'apprentissage et le transfert pour ces élèves.
The possibility of using the volatile-producing fungus Muscodor albus for biofumigation against building molds was investigated. Several species of Aspergillus and Penicillium as well as fungi ...belonging to nine other genera were inhibited or killed in vitro by volatiles produced by potato dextrose agar or rye grain cultures of M. albus. Trichoderma viride was the only fungus that was not inhibited by M. albus volatiles. To test biofumigation as a preventative treatment against fungal colonization of building material, dry pieces of gypsum drywall were fumigated with grain cultures of M. albus in closed boxes. After a simulated water damage and incubation under saturated humidity for 2 weeks, untreated drywall developed natural fungal populations of about 10⁵–10⁶ cfu/cm², while drywall fumigated with M. albus culture (20 g/11 L) had nondetectable fungal populations. To test for curative ability, moist pieces of drywall heavily colonized with Cladosporium cladosporioides, Aspergillus niger, or Stachybotrys chartarum were fumigated for 48 h with grain cultures of M. albus. Cladosporium cladosporioides was eliminated within 48 h, while A. niger and S. chartarum were usually more resistant. However, a longer curative fumigation of 96 h was effective in reducing A. niger or naturally occurring mold populations by about 5 log values. The production of volatile organic compounds from 20 g of rye grain culture in 11 L containers was monitored by solid-phase micro extraction and gas chromatography. Concentrations of isobutyric acid, the most abundant volatile, increased gradually in the headspace until it reached 25 μg/L (m/v) within 96 h. The second and third most abundant compounds, 2-methyl-1-butanol and isobutanol, peaked at about 10 and 5 μg/L (m/v), respectively, within the first 24 h and declined gradually afterwards.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Shortwave ultraviolet radiation (UV-C) was tested for controlling natural infections and inducing resistance to fungal decay caused by
Botrytis cinerea
Pers.: Fr. (gray mold rot) in bell pepper
...Capsicum annuum
L. var.
annuum
(Grossum Group) fruit. All UV-C doses tested (0.22, 0.44, 0.88, or 2.20 kJ·m
-2
) caused a reduction in the number of natural infections occurring during storage at 13 °C. A UV-C dose of 0.88 kJ·m
-2
controlled most effectively natural infections in peppers stored at both 13 or 20 °C. Although UV-C was found to be highly germicidal to
B. cinerea
conidia exposed on agar or on fruit wounds, it did not prevent infection of fruit inoculated with the pathogen 24 hours before exposure to UV-C. However, fruit which were exposed to UV-C 24 hours before inoculation with
B. cinerea
had a lower percentage of infections. For this reason, UV-C appears to act mainly as an inducer of disease resistance in this crop rather than a sanitizing agent. UV-C was effective in inducing resistance to
B. cinerea
in fruit at various stages of maturity, from green to red. Disease resistance was also induced in fruit which had been stored for 7 days before UV-C treatment. The effect of UV-C doses was found to be additive as two successive exposures at 0.44 kJ·m
-2
had an equivalent effect as one exposure to the optimal dose of 0.88 kJ·m
-2
. However, two successive exposures to 0.88 kJ·m
-2
were less effective than one exposure to this dose.
Abstract
Purpose
Potential mediators contributing to chronic inflammation in aging have both local and systemic impacts that likely promote physical decline. Supporting data in aged mice link ...modification of T cells to exercise performance leading to novel hypotheses involving the anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Tregs) in age-related changes in tissues. We investigated in a geriatric cohort whether physical markers of early signs of frailty and their reversibility would alter circulating Tregs prevalence and subtypes regarding their markers of senescence, function, and migration to tissues.
Methods
Geriatric patients able to walk without technical help, were included in a 12-weeks adapted physical activity (APA) program (NCT04080063). Multidisciplinary tools were used to assess the various aspects of human movement and frailty (isokinetic testing, bioelectric impedancemetry, nutrition, etc.). Relative NK, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells proportions were determined using flow cytometry in extracted peripheral blood monocytes. The transcription factor (FoxP3), the IL-2 receptor (CD25), the senescence (KLRG1) and migration (CCR4) markers were detected using intracellular staining and flow cytometry to discriminate the associated cell subsets and Tregs.
Results
66 women (82.8 ± 6 yrs) and 23 men (82.3 ± 4 yrs) took part in the study. Only 42% had a compliance rate in the APA program over 70%. 44%, were frail, 44% pre-frail and 12% non-frail (Fried criteria). In a representative sample (n = 19), the prevalence of NK cells was 3 times higher in frail subjects. The consideration of markers (Foxp3, CD25, and CCR4) was shown to discriminate an association with some specific physical parameters that are characteristic of neuromuscular and metabolic functions: %CCR4+ cells among NK cells was negatively related to leg extensors maximum strength, and the absence of CD25 in Tregs (CD4+Foxp3+) cells was negatively related to walking distance and speed.
Conclusions
Our preliminary results that need to be confirmed seem to show differences in immune cell markers depending on the frailty status. This study will participate in determining immunometabolic biomarkers of frailty and vitality in a geriatric population. The aim is to promote personalized strategies to predict and counteract inflammaging in an early stage, and to accompany and evaluate adapted physical activity strategies.
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