Abstract
The World Health Organization recently launched the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer aiming to substantially increase survival among children with cancer by 2030. The ultimate goal ...concerns particularly less developed countries where survival estimates are considerably lower than in high-income countries where children with cancer attain approximately 80% survival. Given the vast gap in high-quality data availability between more and less developed countries, measuring the success of the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer will also require substantial support to childhood cancer registries to enable them to provide survival data at the population level. Based on our experience acquired at the International Agency for Research on Cancer in global cancer surveillance, we hereby review crucial aspects to consider in the development of childhood cancer registration and present our vision on how the Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development can accelerate the measurement of the outcome of children with cancer.
Chaque année, la publication Statistiques canadiennes sur le cancer donne une estimation du nombre de cas et des taux projetés pour les sièges de cancer courants pour l’année en cours au Canada, dans ...les provinces et les territoires. La présente monographie vient compléter la publication Statistiques canadiennes sur le cancer en fournissant des projections sur le nombre de nouveaux cas et les taux d’incidence de cancer à l’échelle régionale et nationale de 1983 à 2032. Elle se veut une ressource importante pour les chercheurs et les planificateurs du domaine de la santé. Plus important encore, nous espérons que cette monographie permettra :
- de fournir des commentaires fondés sur des données probantes permettant l’élaboration de priorités stratégiques en matière de santé publique à l’échelle régionale et nationale;
- de guider les responsables de la santé publique dans la planification d’une stratégie, notamment la conception et l’évaluation d’interventions préventives, ainsi que la planification des ressources (exigences relatives au traitement) et des infrastructures pour assurer la prestation future de soins de santé et de mesures de lutte contre le cancer en vue de réduire le fardeau de la maladie au Canada.
Abstract
The growing burden of cancer among several major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) requires national implementation of tailored public health surveillance. For many emerging economies where ...emphasis has traditionally been placed on the surveillance of communicable diseases, it is critical to understand the specificities of NCD surveillance and, within it, of cancer surveillance. We propose a general framework for cancer surveillance that permits monitoring the core components of cancer control. We examine communalities in approaches to the surveillance of other major NCDs as well as communicable diseases, illustrating key differences in the function, coverage, and reporting in each system. Although risk factor surveys and vital statistics registration are the foundation of surveillance of NCDs, population-based cancer registries play a unique fundamental role specific to cancer surveillance, providing indicators of population-based incidence and survival. With an onus now placed on governments to collect these data as part of the monitoring of NCD targets, the integration of cancer registries into existing and future NCD surveillance strategies is a vital requirement in all countries worldwide. The Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development, endorsed by the World Health Organization, provides a means to enhance cancer surveillance capacity in low- and middle-income countries.
Timely and accurate data on health enable policymakers to make informed decisions that can reduce the burden and suffering from disease. Yet many LMICs are not able to adequately collect the health ...indicators necessary to track progress in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) at present, and a major investment in primary data collection is needed. We argue that cancer surveillance, with an established history of international standards and best practices, represents a feasible entry point in the development of surveillance programmes for NCDs. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has served to support population-based cancer registries (PBCR) since its inception over 50 years ago. Based on this longstanding experience and collaboration with PBCR worldwide, IARC and other key partners implemented the Global Initiative for Cancer Registry Development (GICR, http://gicr.iarc.fr/) as a new way to deliver capacity-building in cancer surveillance. We describe some of the critical aspects of the GICR and the prospects of a step-change in the quality and use of cancer data over the next years. Ultimately, the decision on how to proceed resides with countries. The cancer and NCD burden will not be tackled without committed and sustainable action by governments.
The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused disruptions to national health systems and impacted health outcomes worldwide. However, the extent to which surveillance systems, such as population‐based cancer ...registration, have been affected was not reported. Here we sought to evaluate the effect of the pandemic on registry operations across different areas and development levels worldwide. We investigated the impact of COVID‐19 on three main areas of cancer registry operations: staffing, financing and data collection. An online survey was administered to 750 member registries of the International Association for Cancer Registries. Among 212 responding registries from 90 countries, 65.6% reported a disruption in operations, ranging between 45% in south‐eastern Asia and 87% in the Latin America and Caribbean. Active data collection was disrupted more than case notifications or hybrid methods. In countries categorized with low Human Development Index (HDI), a greater number of registries reported a negative impact (81.3%) than in very high HDI countries (57.8%). This contrast was highest in term of impact on financing: 9/16 (56%) registries in low HDI countries reported a current or an expected decline in funding, compared to 7/108 (7%) in very high HDI countries. With many cancer registries worldwide reporting disruption to their operations during the early COVID‐19 pandemic, urgent actions are needed to ensure their continuity. Governmental commitment to support future registry operations as an asset to disease control, alongside a move toward electronic reporting systems will help to ensure the sustainability of cancer surveillance worldwide.
What's new?
The COVID‐19 pandemic has caused disruptions to health systems worldwide. Has it also affected surveillance systems, such as population‐based cancer registries? In this study, the authors found that two‐thirds of analyzed cancer registries reported disruption in staffing, finances, and/or data collection. In countries with a low Human Development Index (HDI), a greater number of registries reported a negative impact (81.3%) than in very high HDI countries (57.8%). These results emphasize the need for actionable, strategic plans to ensure the continuity of registry operations globally.
SummaryCancer is now the second leading cause of death in the Caribbean. Despite this growing burden, many Caribbean small island nations have health systems that struggle to provide optimal cancer ...care for their populations. In this Series paper, we identify several promising strategies to improve cancer prevention and treatment that have emerged across small island nations that are part of the Caribbean Community. These strategies include the establishment of a Caribbean cancer registry hub, the development of resource-appropriate clinical guidelines, innovations in delivering specialty oncology services (eg, paediatric oncology and palliative care), improving access to opioids, and developing regional training capacity in palliative medicine. These developments emphasise the crucial role of public–private partnerships in improving health care for the region and show how fostering strategic collaborations with colleagues and centres in more developed countries, who can contribute specialised expertise and improve regional collaboration, can improve care across the cancer control continuum.
In this study, we examined the association between meat and fish intake and the risk of various cancers. Mailed questionnaires were completed by 19,732 incident, histologically confirmed cases of ...cancer of the stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, lung, breast, ovary, prostate, testis, kidney, bladder, brain, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), and leukemia and 5,039 population controls between 1994 and 1997 in 8 Canadian provinces. Measurement included information on socioeconomic status, lifestyle habits, and diet. A 69-item food frequency questionnaire provided data on eating habits 2 yr before data collection. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were derived through unconditional logistic regression. Total meat and processed meat were directly related to the risk of stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, lung, breast (mainly postmenopausal), prostate, testis, kidney, bladder, and leukemia. Red meat was significantly associated with colon, lung (mainly in men), and bladder cancer. No relation was observed for cancer of the ovary, brain, and NHL. No consistent excess risk emerged for fish and poultry, which were inversely related to the risk of a number of cancer sites. These findings add further evidence that meat, specifically red and processed meat, plays an unfavorable role in the risk of several cancers. Fish and poultry appear to be favorable diet indicators.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Object The study examines the association between dietary intake of vitamin C, E, and carotenoids and the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods Between 1994 and 1997 in 8 Canadian provinces, ...mailed questionnaires were completed by 1,138 incident, histologically confirmed cases of RCC and 5,039 population controls, including information on socio-economic status, lifestyle habits and diet. A 69-item food frequency questionnaire provided data on eating habits 2 years before data collection. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using unconditional logistic regression. Results Dietary intake of β-carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin was inversely associated with the risk of RCC. The ORs for the highest versus the lowest quartile were 0.74 (95% CI, 0.59-0.92) and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.62-0.95), respectively. The significant inverse association with β-carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin was more pronounced in women, and in overweight or obese subjects. The relation of lutein/ zeaxanthin to RCC was stronger in ever smokers. No clear association was observed with vitamin C and E, ß-cryptozanthin, and lycopene. Conclusion The findings provide evidence that a diet rich in β-carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin may play a role in RCC prevention.
Each year, the Canadian Cancer Statistics publication provides an estimate of expected case counts and rates for common cancer sites for the current year in Canada as a whole and in the provinces and ...territories. This monograph expands on the Canadian Cancer Statistics publication by providing historical and projected cancer incidence frequencies and rates at national and regional levels from 1983 to 2032. The aim is that this monograph will be an important resource for health researchers and planners. Most importantly, it is hoped the monograph will: - provide evidence-based input for the development of public health policy priorities at the regional and national levels; and - guide public health officials in planning strategy including designing and evaluating preventive interventions and planning resources (treatment requirements) and infrastructure for future cancer control and care intended to reduce the burden of cancer in Canada.
Population-based cancer survival is a key measurement of cancer control performance linked to diagnosis and treatment, but benchmarking studies that include lower-income settings and that link ...results to health systems and human development are scarce. SURVCAN-3 is an international collaboration of population-based cancer registries that aims to benchmark timely and comparable cancer survival estimates in Africa, central and south America, and Asia.
In SURVCAN-3, population-based cancer registries from Africa, central and south America, and Asia were invited to contribute data. Quality control and data checks were carried out in collaboration with population-based cancer registries and, where applicable, active follow-up was performed at the registry. Patient-level data (sex, age at diagnosis, date of diagnosis, morphology and topography, stage, vital status, and date of death or last contact) were included, comprising patients diagnosed between Jan 1, 2008, and Dec 31, 2012, and followed up for at least 2 years (until Dec 31, 2014). Age-standardised net survival (survival where cancer was the only possible cause of death), with 95% CIs, at 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years after diagnosis were calculated using Pohar-Perme estimators for 15 major cancers. 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year net survival estimates were stratified by countries within continents (Africa, central and south America, and Asia), and countries according to the four-tier Human Development Index (HDI; low, medium, high, and very high).
1 400 435 cancer cases from 68 population-based cancer registries in 32 countries were included. Net survival varied substantially between countries and world regions, with estimates steadily rising with increasing levels of the HDI. Across the included cancer types, countries within the lowest HDI category (eg, CÔte d'Ivoire) had a maximum 3-year net survival of 54·6% (95% CI 33·3−71·6; prostate cancer), whereas those within the highest HDI categories (eg, Israel) had a maximum survival of 96·8% (96·1−97·3; prostate cancer). Three distinct groups with varying outcomes by country and HDI dependant on cancer type were identified: cancers with low median 3-year net survival (<30%) and small differences by HDI category (eg, lung and stomach), cancers with intermediate median 3-year net survival (30–79%) and moderate difference by HDI (eg, cervix and colorectum), and cancers with high median 3-year net survival (≥80%) and large difference by HDI (eg, breast and prostate).
Disparities in cancer survival across countries were linked to a country's developmental position, and the availability and efficiency of health services. These data can inform policy makers on priorities in cancer control to reduce apparent inequality in cancer outcome.
Tata Memorial Hospital, the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer.
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