Abstract Context Abdominal adiposity has long been associated with excess caloric intake possibly resulting from increased psychosocial stress and associated cortisol dysfunction. However, the ...relationship of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake specifically with cortisol variability and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is unknown. Objective To examine the relationships between SSB intake, VAT, and cortisol response in minority youth. Design A cross-sectional analysis. Setting The University of Southern California. Participants 60 overweight/obese Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic adolescents ages 14–18 years. Main outcome measures VAT via Magnet Resonance Imaging (MRI), cortisol awakening response (CAR) via multiple salivary samples, and SSB intake via multiple 24-hour diet recalls. SSB intake was divided into the following: low SSB consumers (< 1 servings per day), medium SSB consumers (≥ 1–<2 servings per day), high SSB consumers (≥ 2 servings per day). Analysis of covariance were run with VAT and CAR as dependent variables and SSB intake categories (independent variable) with the following a priori covariates: sex, Tanner stage, ethnicity, caloric intake, and body mass index. Results The high SSB intake group exhibited a 7% higher VAT compared to the low SSB intake group (β = 0.25, CI:(0.03, 0.33), p = 0.02). CAR was associated with VAT (β = 0.31, CI:(0.01,0.23), p = 0.02). The high SSB intake group exhibited 22% higher CAR compared to the low SSB intake group (β = 0.30, CI:(0.02,0.48), p = 0.04). Conclusion This is the first study exploring the relationship between SSB, VAT, and CAR. SSB consumption appears to be independently associated greater abdominal adiposity and higher morning cortisol variability in overweight and obese minority youth. This study highlights potential targets for interventions specifically to reduce SSB intake in a minority youth population.
Craniofacial development is tightly regulated and therefore highly vulnerable to disturbance by genetic and environmental factors. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) direct migration, proliferation and ...survival of cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) forming the human face. In this study, we analyzed bone and cartilage formation in the head of five dpf
zebrafish larvae and assessed gene expression levels for 11 genes involved in these processes. In addition,
hybridization was performed on 8 and 24 hours post fertilization (hpf) larvae (
,
,
,
). A significant size reduction of eight out of nine craniofacial cartilage structures was found in homozygous mutant (6-36%,
<0.01) and heterozygous (7-24%,
<0.01) larvae. Also, nine mineralized structures were not observed in all or part of the homozygous (0-71%,
<0.0001) and heterozygous (33-100%,
<0.0001) larvae. In homozygote mutants,
and
expression was upregulated compared to wild type, presumably to compensate for the reduced bone formation. Decreased
expression may compromise cartilage formation. Upregulated
in homozygotes indicates impaired CNCC function.
expression was reduced in the first and second stream of CNCCs in homozygous mutants at 24 hpf, as shown by
hybridization. This indicates an impairment of CNCC migration and survival by
mutation.
Argentinean Suid Herpesvirus 1 isolates were compared with reference strains and sequences available at GenBank and phylogenetically analyzed. A short fragment of the gE gene of the immunodominant ...epitopes was used for preliminary grouping of isolates by phylogenetic analysis. The analysis of the partial gC gene provided more precise genetic typing and segregation into the main genotypes I and II. Results confirmed that the Argentinean genotype I isolates predominate in our country. The topology of the partial gC gene was similar to that previously reported. The Argentinean type I isolates belonged to one cluster and grouped together with NIA-3 and American and Brazilian genotype I strains. However, the results obtained by the algorithms allow inferring that the Yamagata S-81 and Mer (genotype II) strains are grouped together.
Equine arteritis virus (EAV) induces apoptosis in infected cells. Cell death caused by EAV has been studied mainly using three cell lines, BHK-21, RK-13 and Vero cells. The mechanism of apoptosis ...varies among cell lines and results cannot be correlated owing to differences in EAV strains used. We evaluated different markers for apoptosis in BHK-21, RK-13 and Vero cell lines using the Bucyrus EAV reference strain. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining revealed morphological changes in infected cells, while flow cytometry indicated the extent of apoptosis. We also observed DNA fragmentation, but the DNA ladder was detected at different times post-infection depending on the cell line, i.e., 48, 72 and 96 h post-infection in RK-13, Vero and BHK-21 cells, respectively. Measurement of viral titers obtained with each cell line indicated that apoptosis causes interference with viral replication and therefore decreased viral titers. As an unequivocal marker of apoptosis, we measured the expression of caspase-3 and caspases-8 and -9 as extrinsic and intrinsic markers of apoptosis pathways, respectively. Caspase-8 in BHK-21 cells was the only protease that was not detected at any of the times assayed. We found that Bucyrus EAV strain exhibited a distinctive apoptosis pathway depending on the cell line.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A free-field recording of the Denali fault earthquake was obtained by the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company 3 km from the surface rupture of the Denali fault. The instrument, part of the monitoring ...and control system for the trans-Alaska pipeline, was located at Pump Station 10, approximately 85 km east of the epicenter. After correction for the measured instrument response, we recover a seismogram that includes a permanent displacement of 3.0 m. The recorded ground motion has relatively low peak acceleration (0.36 g) and very high peak velocity (180 cm/s). Nonlinear soil response may have reduced the peak acceleration to this 0.36 g value. Accelerations in excess of 0.1 g lasted for 10 s, with the most intense motion occurring during a 1.5-s interval when the rupture passed the site. The low acceleration and high velocity observed near the fault in this earthquake agree with observations from other recent large-magnitude earthquakes.
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is one of many pathogens responsible for reproductive failure in pregnant sows. Several studies have reported the appearance of new PPV strains that differ from previous ...isolates both genetically and antigenically. Thus, the protective effects of commercially inactivated vaccines could not be complete. In South America, the information about PPV is limited. Thus, the aim of the present study was to detect and characterize the PPV strains present in 131 mummies or stillbirths from normal deliveries in sows from a commercial swine farm of Argentina that uses the commercial vaccine. PCR results showed that 17/131 were positive to PPV. Ten of these viruses were isolated and sequenced. All viruses were related to the PPV1 sequence (NADL-2), maintaining the amino acid differences in positions 436 (S–P) and 565 (R–K). This study is the first to report the isolation of PPV in Argentina and the results suggest that PPV can cross the placenta even in vaccinated sows, thus affecting some of the fetuses and being able to cause fetal death in sows without reproductive failure. The results also suggest that vaccination only reduces clinical signs and reproductive disorders and may thus not be a perfect tool to manage PPV infection. This study provides information that needs to be studied in depth to improve strategies to prevent and control PPV infection in swine farms.
Biotechnology; Immunology; Microbiology; Molecular Biology; Veterinary Medicine; porcine parvovirus, reproductive failures, molecular characterization.
The authors took skin biopsies of the macroscopically normal skin of seven consecutive patients with spontaneous cervical artery dissection (SCAD). Histologically, alterations of the collagen and ...elastic fiber networks were found in six patients. In five, the histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural changes were similar to those usually found in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS). This suggests that SCAD is frequently associated with the dermal alterations seen in EDS.
A chemically specific and facile method for the biofunctionalization of WS2 nanotubes (NT‐WS2) is reported. The covalent modification strategy is based on the affinity of the nitrilotriacetic acid ...(NTA) side chain, which serves as a ligand for the surface binding to NT‐WS2 and simultaneously as an anchor group for the binding of His‐tagged proteins to the polymer backbone. The polymer functionalized WS2 nanotubes can be solubilized either in water or organic solvents; they are stable for at least one week. The probes were characterized by FT‐IR and UV‐vis spectroscopy. The immobilization of silicatein, a hydrolytic protein encountered in marine sponges, was visualized by scanning force microscopy (SFM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The formation of the biotitania coating mediated by the immobilized silicatein onto the surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
WS2 nanotubes are functionalized with polymeric ligands by complexation with a combination of Ni2+ via a scorpionate‐type nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) ligand. The NTA group also allows the specific binding of proteins to the sidewalls of the tubes. The surface‐bound protein retains its catalytic activity. This biofunctionalization of NT‐WS2 opens new opportunities for integrating chalcogenide nanoparticles in (bio)composites.
Polymorphisms at Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes have been associated with resistance/susceptibility to infectious diseases in domestic animals. The aim of this investigation was to ...evaluate whether polymorphisms of the DRA gene the Equine Lymphocyte Antigen is associated with susceptibility to Equine Arteritis Virus (EAV) infection in horses in Argentina. The equine DRA gene was screened for polymorphisms using Pyrosequencing® Technology which allowed the detection of three ELA-DRA exon 2 alleles. Neither allele frequencies nor genotypic differentiation exhibited any statistically significant (P-values=0.788 and 0.745) differences between the EAV-infected and no-infected horses. Fisher’s exact test and OR calculations did not show any significant association. As a consequence, no association could be established between the serological condition and ELA-DRA.
The equine arteritis virus isolate from the 2010 Argentinian outbreak Metz, G E; Serena, M S; Panei, C J ...
Revista científica y técnica - Oficina internacional de epizootias/Scientific and technical review - International Office of Epizootics/Revue scientifique et technique - Office international des épizooties
33, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A semen sample from a stallion infected during the 2010 equine arteritis virus (EAV) outbreak was received for viral isolation prior to castration of the animal. The virus was identified using a ...polyclonal antibody immunofluorescence test. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to amplify a region of the GP5 gene with primers GL105F and GL673R. The PCR products were purified and sequences of both strands were determined in a MegaBACE™1000 with inner primers CR2 and EAV32. A phylogenetic dataset was built with the previously reported sequences of five strains isolated in Argentina, together with a group of selected sequences obtained from GenBank. The unrooted neighbour-joining tree was constructed using molecular evolutionary genetic analysis (MEGA) and bootstrap analyses were conducted using 1,000 replicate datasets. Evolutionary distances were computed using the maximum composite likelihood method. A NetNGlyc server analysis at the Technical University of Denmark (www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetNGlyc/) was used to predict N-glycosylation in GP5 sequences. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the new strain GLD-LP-ARG), together with other strains previously isolated, belongs to the European group EU-1 but in a different branch. The new strain shows 99% nucleotide identity with strain Al1and 98.1% with the Belgian strain 08P178. Persistently infected stallions and their cryopreserved semen constitute a reservoir of EAV, which ensures its persistence in the horse population around the world. These findings reinforce the importance of careful monitoring of persistently infected stallions, as well as semen straws, by RT-PCR or test mating, in accordance with national regulations.
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