This study demonstrates the current advancements in battery management systems (BMSs), emphasizing the need for precise temperature monitoring within battery packs to enhance safety and performance ...through efficient thermal management. The increased demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has driven the development of temperature sensors with improved accuracy and stability. In particular, Ni-Co-Mn-based spinel oxides are commonly used due to their stable negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior. However, challenges arise in manufacturing due to the high cost and uncertain supply of critical cathode components (e.g., Co, Ni, and Mn) for LIBs. This research focuses on developing spinel-type (Ni0.6Co0.4Mn2)O4 using recycled Ni-Co-Mn oxides obtained from end-of-life (EOL) LIBs, demonstrating temperature resistance behavior suitable for temperature sensing. The oxides are prepared through hydrometallurgy, oxalate synthesis, and post-heat treatment. Successful integration into spinel-type NTC thermistors suggests broader applications in various industrial fields. A systematic investigation into the synthesis and characterization of recovered Ni-Co-Mn oxides from EOL LIB cathode materials (Li(Ni0.33Co0.33Mn0.33)O2) is presented for NTC thermistor application. Thermogravimetric analysis-derivative thermogravimetry (TGA-DTG) identifies the optimal post-heat treatment temperature. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirm a cubic spinel structure of the Ni-Co-Mn oxides, supported by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showing a uniform microstructure. Also, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping confirms homogeneous element distribution. Recovered oxide pellets from the sintering process exhibit a single spinel structure, with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealing changes in the valence states for Ni and Mn. Resistivity measurements demonstrate semiconductive behavior, which shows a B value (3376.92 K) suitable for NTC thermistor applications. This study contributes valuable insights to black powder recycling from EOL LIBs and its potential in temperature-sensitive electronic devices.
Achieving carbon neutrality is important to solve environmental problems and thus requires decarbonizing manufacturing processes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The firing of ceramics, including ...calcination and sintering, is a typical fossil fuels-driven manufacturing process that requires large power consumption. Although the firing process in manufacturing ceramics cannot be eliminated, an effective firing strategy to reduce processing steps can be a choice to lower power consumption. Herein, we suggest a one-step solid solution reaction (SSR) route to manufacture (Ni, Co, and Mn)O4 (NMC) electroceramics for their application in temperature sensors with negative temperature coefficient (NTC). Additionally, the effect of the one-step SSR route on the electrical properties of the NMC is investigated. Similar to the NMC prepared using the two-step SSR route, spinel structures with dense microstructure are observed in the NMC prepared via the one-step SSR route. Based on the experimental results, the one-step SSR route can be considered as one of the effective processing techniques with less power consumption to manufacture electroceramics.
Graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) are usually prepared using expensive carbon precursors such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) or graphene under the strong acidic condition, which requires an additional ...purifying process. Here, we first develop a facile pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) technique for preparing GOQDs using earth-abundant and low-cost coal as a precursor. Only ethanol and coal are used to produce GOQDs with excellent optical properties. The prepared GOQDs exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties which can be successfully utilized in bioimaging applications.
The development of cost-effective and high-performance electrocatalysts for water oxidation has attracted intense research interest. It was reported recently that the interface between the amorphous ...and crystalline phases plays a significant role in the electrocatalytic activity of transition metal compounds. It was reckoned therefore that an increase in the density of the crystalline-amorphous phase boundary would enhance the electrochemical water oxidation on the catalyst. In this work we develop a new and facile strategy for inducing high density crystalline-amorphous phase boundaries
via
selective fluorination surface doping. This resulted in excellent characteristics of the engineered material for electrochemical water splitting. An initial computational simulation is carried out to design the crystalline-amorphous phase boundary material and an experimental verification follows for demonstration and optimization of the impact of surface doping. We conclude that the engineering of the interface using this facile and cost-effective strategy maximizes the crystalline and amorphous phases of metal-metalloids, which can be used to fabricate low-cost and efficient electrocatalysts for water oxidation.
Crystalline-amorphous phase boundary engineering can be an effective strategy to develop cost-effective and high-performance electrocatalysts for water splitting.
Abstract
Thin film-based optical sensors have been attracting increasing interest for use in developing technologies such as biometrics. Multilayered dielectric thin films with different refractive ...indices have been utilized to modulate the optical properties in specific wavelength bands for spectral selectivity of Thin Film Narrow Bandpass Filters (TFNBFs). Progress in TFNBF design has been made with the incorporation of metallic thin films. Narrower bandwidths with higher transmittance have been achieved in specific spectral bands. In this work, Ti/TiO
2
/SiO
2
based multilayer thin films were prepared using pulsed-DC reactive sputtering. Computer simulations using the Essential Macleod Program allowed the optimal number of layers and thickness of the multilayer thin films to be determined to efficiently tailor the optical path transmitting specific wavelength bands. The addition of Ti metal layers within dielectric (TiO
2
/SiO
2
) multilayer thin films significantly changes the cutoff frequency of transmittance at specific wavelengths. Representative 26 multilayer films consisting of Ti, TiO
2
, and SiO
2
show lower transmittance of 10.29% at 400 nm and 10.48% at 680 nm. High transmittance of 80.42% at 485 nm was observed, which is expected to improve the spectral selectivity of the TFNBF. This work provides a contribution to future simulation based design strategy based on experimental thin film engineering for potential industrial development opportunities such as optical biometrics.
Metal–metalloid compounds have been paid much attention as new high‐performance water oxidation catalysts due to their exceptional durability for water oxidation in alkaline media originating from ...the multi‐dimensional covalent bonding of the metalloid with the surrounding metal atoms. However, compared to the excellent stability, a relatively low catalytic activity of metal‐metalloids often limits their practical application as high‐performance water oxidation catalysts. Here, for the first time, disclosed is a novel self‐templating strategy combined with atomic layer deposition (ALD) to design the electrochemically active and stable quaternary metal boride (vanadium‐doped cobalt nickel boride, VCNB), hollow nanoprism by inducing electronic double layers on the surface. The incorporation of V in a double‐layered structure can substantially increase the number of surface active sites with unsaturated electronic structure. Furthermore, the induced electronic double layers of V can effectively protect the dissolution of the surface active sites. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the impressive water oxidation properties of VCNB originate from the synergetic physicochemical effects of the different metal elements, Co and B as active sites, Ni as a surface electronic structure modifier, and V as a charge carrier transporter and supplier.
Electronically double‐layered structure in quaternary metal–metalloid hollow nanoprism can substantially enhance water oxidation activity as well as stability of metal–metalloid in alkaline media.
We investigated the effect of specific surface area on the electrochemical properties of NiCo
O
(NCO) for glucose detection. NCO nanomaterials with controlled specific surface areas were prepared by ...additive-assisted hydrothermal synthesis, and self-assembled nanostructures with urchin-, pine-needle-, tremella-, and flower-like morphologies were obtained. The novelty of this method is the systematic control of chemical reaction routes assisted by the addition of different additives during synthesis, which results in the spontaneous formation of various morphologies without any difference in the crystal structure and chemical states of the constituent elements. Such morphological control of NCO nanomaterials leads to considerable changes in the electrochemical performance for glucose detection. Combined with materials characterization, the relationship between the specific surface area and the electrochemical performance is discussed for glucose detection. This work can provide scientific insights for tailoring the surface area of nanostructures, which determines their functionality for potential applications in glucose biosensors.
In this study, microstructures of weldment produced using carbon steel A516 grade 60 were analysed via a deep learning approach to measure the fraction of acicular ferrite which considerably ...influences on mechanical properties of carbon steel. The fully convolutional network was used to conduct the image segmentation. Submerged arc welding was used for welding, and the dataset was constructed using optical microscope. The model was compiled with ResNet, which is the state-of-the-art classifier used as an encoder. The model is trained to distinguish acicular ferrite from microstructures of dataset images and then estimate its accuracy. As a result, the mean intersection over union, which is a metric commonly used to evaluate image segmentation, was shown to be higher than 85%.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Achieving carbon neutrality is important to solve environmental problems and thus requires decarbonizing manufacturing processes to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The firing of ceramics, including ...calcination and sintering, is a typical fossil fuels-driven manufacturing process that requires large power consumption. Although the firing process in manufacturing ceramics cannot be eliminated, an effective firing strategy to reduce processing steps can be a choice to lower power consumption. Herein, we suggest a one-step solid solution reaction (SSR) route to manufacture (Ni, Co, and Mn)Osub.4 (NMC) electroceramics for their application in temperature sensors with negative temperature coefficient (NTC). Additionally, the effect of the one-step SSR route on the electrical properties of the NMC is investigated. Similar to the NMC prepared using the two-step SSR route, spinel structures with dense microstructure are observed in the NMC prepared via the one-step SSR route. Based on the experimental results, the one-step SSR route can be considered as one of the effective processing techniques with less power consumption to manufacture electroceramics.
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