The present work was carried out in the period between January 2016 and June 2017, it was carried out in the laboratories of the Study Centers of Applied Chemistry and Plant Biotechnology, of the ...University of Granma. It consisted in confirming scientifically that extracts of the plant Priva lappulacea (L), which is used traditionally in the treatment of skin diseases, mainly rashes caused by bacterial strains, contain secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity. The plant is used as a decoction, for bathrooms in people with these conditions. So far there are no reports of phytochemical studies on the secondary metabolites of biological and therapeutic interest present in the extracts of this plant. Therefore, it is proposed to determine the secondary metabolites present in the species. The plant was collected in the town of Barranca, Bayamo, Granma, and identified by specialists from the Cupaynicú Botanical Garden, in Guisa. Fractions of the organs of the plant were washed, disinfected, dried, pulverized and subjected to ultrasound-assisted extractions, with solvents of increasing polarity. The extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening, which revealed that in the extracts of roots, stems and leaves of the plant, there were several families of secondary metabolites of biological and pharmacological interest, mainly alkaloids, coumarins and reducing carbohydrates. , being more abundant in aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The presence of abundant secondary metabolites in Priva lappulacea may be responsible for its antimicrobial activity.
El presente trabajo se realizó en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2016 y junio de 2017, el mismo se realizó en los laboratorios de los Centros de Estudio de Química Aplicada y Biotecnología Vegetal, de la Universidad de Granma. Consistió en confirmar científicamente que los extractos de la planta Priva lappulacea (L), que se utiliza de forma tradicional en el tratamiento de enfermedades de la piel, principalmente erupciones cutáneas causadas por cepas bacterianas, contienen metabolitos secundarios con actividad antimicrobiana. La planta se utiliza en forma de decocción, para baños en personas con estas afecciones. Hasta el momento no existen reportes de estudios fitoquímicos sobre los metabolitos secundarios de interés biológico y terapéutico presentes en los extractos de esta planta. Por lo que se propone determinar los metabolitos secundarios presentes en la especie. La planta fue colectada en la localidad de Barranca, Bayamo, Granma, e identificada por especialistas del Jardín Botánico Cupaynicú, de Guisa. Fracciones de los órganos de la planta se lavaron, desinfectaron, secaron, pulverizaron y se sometieron a extracciones asistidas por ultrasonido, con solventes de polaridad creciente. A los extractos se les realizó el tamizaje fitoquímico, el mismo permitió constatar que en los extractos de raíces, tallos y hojas de la planta, existía la presencia de varias familias de metabolitos secundarios de interés biológico y farmacológico principalmente, alcaloides, coumarinas y carbohidratos reductores, siendo más abundantes en los extractos acuosos y etanólico. La presencia de abundantes metabolitos secundarios en Priva lappulacea, pudiera ser responsable de su actividad antimicrobiana.
Highlights: • Age-dependent increase in Ca{sup 2+}{sub d} and Na{sup +}{sub d} in mdx cardiomyocytes. • Gadolinium significantly reduced both Ca{sup 2+}{sub d} and Na{sup +}{sub d} at all ages. • ...IP{sub 3}-pathway inhibition reduced cations concentrations in dystrophic cardiomyocytes. - Abstract: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal X-inherited disease caused by dystrophin deficiency. Besides the relatively well characterized skeletal muscle degenerative processes, DMD is also associated with a dilated cardiomyopathy that leads to progressive heart failure at the end of the second decade. The aim of the present study was to characterize the diastolic Ca{sup 2+} concentration (Ca{sup 2+}{sub d}) and diastolic Na{sup +} concentration (Na{sup +}{sub d}) abnormalities in cardiomyocytes isolated from 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month old mdx mice using ion-selective microelectrodes. In addition, the contributions of gadolinium (Gd{sup 3+})-sensitive Ca{sup 2+} entry and inositol triphosphate (IP{sub 3}) signaling pathways in abnormal Ca{sup 2+}{sub d} and Na{sup +}{sub d} were investigated. Our results showed an age-dependent increase in both Ca{sup 2+}{sub d} and Na{sup +}{sub d} in dystrophic cardiomyocytes compared to those isolated from age-matched wt mice. Gd{sup 3+} treatment significantly reduced both Ca{sup 2+}{sub d} and Na{sup +}{sub d} at all ages. In addition, blockade of the IP{sub 3}-pathway with either U-73122 or xestospongin C significantly reduced ion concentrations in dystrophic cardiomyocytes. Co-treatment with U-73122 and Gd{sup 3+} normalized both Ca{sup 2+}{sub d} and Na{sup +}{sub d} at all ages in dystrophic cardiomyocytes. These data showed that loss of dystrophin in mdx cardiomyocytes produced an age-dependent intracellular Ca{sup 2+} and Na{sup +} overload mediated at least in part by enhanced Ca{sup 2+} entry through Gd{sup 3+} sensitive transient receptor potential channels (TRPC), and by IP{sub 3} receptors.
An increase in the number of overweight and obese subjects in the general population has been observed.The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obese subjects in the ...general population and its association with undiagnosed pathologies, such as diabetes mellitus DM and hypertension HT, by taking age, gender and place of residence rural or urban into account.
A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in Castellón, East Spain in 2005-2006. The sample included 2,062 participants aged 18-94 years. Weight, height, blood pressure and glycaemia values were recorded, and information about gender, age and place of residence was obtained. Overweight, obesity, and undiagnosed HT and DM prevalences were calculated. Multiple regression analyses were done to assess the association of overweight/obesity with undiagnosed HT and DM by adjusting for age, gender and place of residence.The overall overweight, obesity, and undiagnosed HT and DM prevalences were 39.9% 95% CI:37.3-42.0, 25.9% 95% CI:24.0-27.9, 9.0% 95% CI:7.8-10.4 and 12.6% 95% CI:11.2-14.1, respectively. We identified various independent risk factors; those relating to overweight were increasing age, male gender and rural residential area, while that relating to obesity was increasing age. Compared to normal weight adults, the Relative Prevalence Ratio (RPR) for subjects who were overweight and had HT was 2.00 95% CI:1.21-3.32; that for obesity and HT was 1.91 95% CI:1.48-2.46, and it was 1.50 95% CI:1.25-1.81 for obesity and DM.
Overweight and obesity prevalences, and their association with undiagnosed DM and HT, are high in our study population.
In order to characterize the metabolic syndrome it becomes necessary to establish a number of diagnostic criteria. Because of its impact on cardiovascular morbidity/mortality, considerable attention ...has been focussed on the dyslipidemia accompanying the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this review is to highlight the fundamental aspects of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and the treatment of the metabolic syndrome dyslipidemia with recommendations to clinicians. The clinical expression of the metabolic syndrome dyslipidemia is characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). In addition, metabolic syndrome dyslipidemia is associated with high levels of apolipoprotein (apo) B-100-rich particles of a particularly atherogenic phenotype (small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol LDL-C. High levels of triglyceride-rich particles (very low-density lipoprotein) are also evident both at baseline and in overload situations (postprandial hyperlipidemia). Overall, the 'quantitative' dyslipidemia characterized by hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of HDL-C and the 'qualitative' dyslipidemia characterized by high levels of apo B-100- and triglyceride-rich particles, together with insulin resistance, constitute an atherogenic triad in patients with the metabolic syndrome. The therapeutic management of the metabolic syndrome, regardless of the control of the bodyweight, BP, hyperglycemia or overt diabetes mellitus, aims at maintaining optimum plasma lipid levels. Therapeutic goals are similar to those for high-risk situations because of the coexistence of multiple risk factors. The primary goal in treatment should be achieving an LDL-C level of <100 mg/dL (or <70 mg/dL in cases with established ischemic heart disease or risk equivalents). A further goal is increasing the HDL-C level to >or=40 mg/dL in men or 50 mg/dL in women. A non-HDL-C goal of 130 mg/dL should also be aimed at in cases of hypertriglyceridemia. Lifestyle interventions, such as maintaining an adequate diet, and a physical activity program, constitute an essential part of management. Nevertheless, when pharmacologic therapy becomes necessary, fibrates and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are the most effective drugs in controlling the metabolic syndrome hyperlipidemia, and are thus the drugs of first choice. Fibrates are effective in lowering triglycerides and increasing HDL-C levels, the two most frequent abnormalities associated with the metabolic syndrome, and statins are effective in lowering LDL-C levels, even though hypercholesterolemia occurs less frequently. In addition, the combination of fibrates and statins is highly effective in controlling abnormalities of the lipid profile in patients with the metabolic syndrome.
Abstract Introduction An association between an increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and obesity has been described. It has also been shown that a decrease in adiposity has beneficial ...effects. However, less information is available regarding morbid obesity and hypofibrinolysis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of weight loss and the influence of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 promoter 4G/5G genotype on plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 levels in severe and morbid obesity. Materials and methods Sixty-seven obese patients were studied before and three months after a weight reduction program, and compared with 67 controls. We determined plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen and activity levels, tissue type plasminogen activator antigen levels, 4G/5G genotype and biochemical parameters in both groups. Results A significant increase in plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen and activity was observed in obese patients in comparison with the control group ( P < 0.001). No significant differences in plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 levels among 4G/5G genotypes were obtained. After weight loss, a significant decrease in plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen and activity was observed ( P < 0.001). A significant and positive correlation was observed in percentage changes in plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 and body mass index ( P = 0.02). Conclusions A decrease in body mass index in severe and morbid obesity shows a favourable effect on the fibrinolytic system due to a decrease in plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 levels. However, no influence of 4G/5G polymorphism has been observed in this setting.
Los materiales sustitutivos de los tejidos óseos representan en la actualidad un área de gran interés en la investigación relacionada con productos médicos. A pesar de la capacidad de autorenovación ...de los tejidos duros del cuerpo humano, la alta incidencia de patologías y lesiones traumáticas con grandes pérdidas óseas exige la búsqueda de materiales que puedan de forma permanente o transitoria servir de sustitutos óseos o de plantillas para la osteosíntesis. Dentro de los biomateriales en estudio, actualmente destacan vidrios y cerámicas vítreas, las que además de ser biocompatibles, osteoinductivas y osteoconductivas han demostrado la habilidad de enlazarse al hueso directamente sin que medie interface alguna (bioactivos). Estos materiales aparte de estimular la osteosíntesis pueden contribuir con el proceso de angiogénesis y favorecen la adhesión, proliferación y diferenciación celular imprescindible en matrices diseñadas para la Ingeniería de Tejidos. Este trabajo se refiere a generalidades en el desarrollo de vidrios y vitrocerámicos con aplicaciones en medicina, su diversidad de formulaciones, métodos de síntesis, propiedades, ventajas, limitaciones y sus principales aplicaciones en diferentes especialidades médicas, así como en la Ingeniería de Tejidos.
In the approach to lipid-related risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, serum high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels bear a particular significance as this lipoprotein is considered ...to be an antiatherogenic factor mainly, but not only, because of its influence and impact on reverse cholesterol transport. Hence the need and requirement to consider serum HDL-C levels for both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. A particularly important aspect is the association of the 'low HDL syndrome' with the metabolic syndrome. These factors force us to consider serum HDL-C level as a therapeutic target by itself, or even in association with low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels when the latter are increased. This review stresses the aspects connecting serum HDL-C levels and cardiovascular risk, and looks at the populations that should be considered amenable to therapeutic management because of low serum HDL-C levels. We review therapeutic strategies, both pharmacological and nonpharmacological. The aim of this review is to present therapeutic management recommendations for correcting the proportion of cardiovascular risk that is attributable to changes in HDL-C. Serum HDL-C levels of >40 mg/dL must be a therapeutic target in primary and secondary prevention. This goal is particularly important in patients with low serum HDL-C levels and ischemic heart disease (IHD) or its equivalents, even if the therapeutic target for serum LDL-C levels (<100 mg/dL) has been achieved. The first choice for this clinical condition is fibric acid derivates. The same therapeutic option should be considered in patients without IHD with low serum HDL-C levels and high cardiovascular risk (>20%), hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or metabolic syndrome.
OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la posibilidad de resección de las lesiones de la glándula parótida por incisiones periauriculares (grupo I) y valorar las complicaciones inmediatas derivadas de esta técnica, ...resultados cosméticos y dolor posoperatorio, comparándolas con el abordaje pre auricular - transcervical (grupo II). MÉTODOS: Los 61 pacientes, de ambos sexos, entre julio de 2006 a julio de 2009, fueron sometidos a este estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado doble ciego, evaluando dos grupos, categorizados grupo I y II, haciendo comparaciones en cuanto a dolor posoperatorio según la escala analógica de niveles de dolor, complicaciones relacionadas al nervio facial, posibilidad de resección indistintamente del tipo histológico, del lóbulo afectado, y por último, la satisfacción cosmética. RESULTADOS: Los 59 pacientes completaron este estudio, no obteniendo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al dolor posoperatorio, ni en cuanto a las complicaciones, pero si en lo referido a la visualización de la cicatriz operatoria; 96 % de los pacientes (grupo I), refirió satisfacción con el resultado cosmético en comparación con 65 % del grupo II; siendo estadísticamente significante. CONCLUSIÓN: No hubo diferencias en cuanto a la presentación de dolor ni complicaciones posoperatorias en cuanto al abordaje periauricular en comparación a los que se les realizó el abordaje preauricular - transcervical. Fue mayor la manifestación de satisfacción cosmética en el abordaje periauricular, la cual recomendamos, porque no produce dificultades técnicas, indistintamente del sexo, edad, tipo histológico o ubicación de la lesión dentro de la glándula parótida.
In the course of searching for bioactive compounds from Croton species from Venezuela, two seco-entkaurenes isolated from flowers of Croton caracasana were evaluated in vitro for their effect on cell ...viability by the standard MTT assay in nine human cancer cell lines of different origins and one primary culture. Both compounds induced cytotoxicity in the range of 2 to 25 μM for caracasine and 0.8 to 12 μM for caracasine acid. However, for the normal fibroblasts and the cell lines, HeLa, MCF-7, PC-3, LoVo, X-17, Jurkat E6.1 and Jurkat JCaM1.6, the IC50 values of caracasine acid were lower than their counterparts. Interestingly, no differences in IC50 were recorded for the leukemic cell lines U937 and K562. It can be concluded that the acid moiety in the structure enhances the cytotoxic effect of caracasine by a pathway which seems not to be activated in the leukemic cell lines tested.
Obesity and activated protein C resistance Solá, Eva; Vayá, Amparo; Villa, Piedad ...
Pathophysiology of haemostasis and thrombosis,
2008, Letnik:
36, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
It has been reported that obesity may be associated with activated protein C resistance, which could increase the thrombotic risk in these patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate this ...parameter in obese patients and controls, as well as the effect of weight loss on this parameter. In 63 severely or morbidly obese patients and in 65 healthy volunteers, an anthropometric and analytical evaluation (activated protein C resistance and prothrombin fragment F1 + 2) was performed at baseline and after 3 months of diet. Obese patients showed higher levels of F1 + 2 than controls, whereas activated protein C sensitivity ratios showed no differences. After weight loss, prothrombin fragment F1 + 2 was reduced, but no differences were found in activated protein C sensitivity. We did not find an activated protein C-resistant phenotype in obese subjects.
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