Among the famous Middle Pennsylvanian tetrapod fauna from Linton, Ohio, embolomeres are extremely rare and known only from three snout fragments which are referred to as the eogyrinid
Leptophractus ...obsoletus
. We describe herein a skull roof fragment from Linton that consists of the left orbital and cheek region and parts of the palate preserved in dorsal view, which belonged to a skull of approximately 100 mm length. Although diagnostic parts such as the tabular horn and the otic region are not preserved, it can be assigned to embolomeres by its attenuated, irregular dermal bone sculpture. The specimen can be interpreted most plausibly as an eogyrinid because of (1) the distinct, mostly continuous lateral lines that appear like a string of beads due to the subdued ridges on their bottom, and (2) the kinetic line between skull table and cheek in combination with the firm suture between the postorbital and intertemporal. The participation of the lacrimal in the anterior orbital margin is unusual for eogyrinids but might represent a juvenile character. Because the eogyrinid skull roof is derived from the same locality and strata as the eogyrinid
L. obsoletus
, we tentatively assign it to that genus and species.
This study investigated mice serum and joint microRNA expression profiles in ageing and osteoarthritis to elucidate the role of microRNAs in the development and progression of disease, and provide ...biomarkers for ageing and osteoarthritis.
Whole joints and serum samples were collected from C57BL6/J male mice and subjected to small RNA sequencing. Groups used included; surgically-induced post-traumatic osteoarthritis, (DMM; 24 months-old); sham surgery (24 months-old); old mice (18 months-old); and young mice (8 months-old). Differentially expressed microRNAs between the four groups were identified and validated using real-time quantitative PCR. MicroRNA differential expression data was used for target prediction and pathway analysis.
In joint tissues, miR-140–5p, miR-205–5p, miR-682, miR-208b-3p, miR-499–5p, miR-455–3p and miR-6238 were differentially expressed between young and old groups; miR-146a-5p, miR-3474, miR-615–3p and miR-151–5p were differentially expressed between DMM and Sham groups; and miR-652–3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-708–5p, miR-5099, miR-23a-3p, miR-214–3p, miR-6238 and miR-148–3p between the old and DMM groups. The number of differentially expressed microRNAs in serum was higher, some in common with joint tissues including miR-140–5p and miR-455–3p between young and old groups; and miR-23b-3p, miR-5099 and miR-6238 between old and DMM groups.
We confirmed miR-140–5p, miR-499–5p and miR-455–3p expression to be decreased in old mouse joints compared to young, suggesting their potential use as biomarkers of joint ageing in mice.
MiR-140–5p, miR-499–5p and miR-455–3p could be used as joint ageing biomarkers in mice. Further research into these specific molecules in human tissues is now warranted to check their potential suitability as human biomarkers of ageing.
Peat‐forming wet woodlands (forested wetlands) are naturally occurring carbon‐dense ecosystems that have considerable potential to form an important part of net zero woodland establishment and ...peatland strategies, as well as provide crucial co‐benefits to restore biodiversity and regulate hydrological systems. Despite their potential, temperate peat‐forming wet woodlands have been widely lost, are critically understudied and are being overlooked in land‐use strategies.
Unlike temperate ‘dry’ woodlands, some wet woodlands are peat forming and can store large amounts of carbon below‐ground in peat in addition to the carbon in the tree biomass. The complex structure of these peat‐forming wet woodlands creates high abiotic heterogeneity, resulting in a wide variety of microhabitats to support high levels of biodiversity, and this structural complexity can also increase water storage in the landscape and slow flood flows, providing natural flood protection.
Co‐written by experts in academia and UK Government, we highlight critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of peat‐forming wet woodlands that, once addressed, could form the basis for radical changes to their inclusion in net zero and land‐use policies.
Policy and practice implications: The significant role that peatland restoration has to play in reaching net zero presents an immediate policy opportunity to consider the full range of ecosystems to achieve net zero targets, while protecting and enhancing socio‐ecological sustainability. In co‐writing this paper, our aim is to stimulate discussion and sharing of knowledge between those involved in research, policy and practice in order to strengthen the evidence base for peat‐forming wet woodland re‐establishment and future management. We call on researchers, policymakers and land managers to take temperate wet woodlands from understudied and overlooked, to integrated ecosystems that hold great promise in the contributions they can make as nature‐based solutions.
Peat‐forming temperate wet woodlands have the potential to contribute to nature‐based solutions for climate change through above‐ and below‐ground carbon storage, biodiversity provision and flood regulation. Co‐written by experts in academia and policymakers in the UK, we highlight critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of peat‐forming wet woodlands that, once addressed, could form the basis for radical changes to their inclusion in net zero and landuse policies.
When we reach out to pick something up, our arm is directed to the target by visuomotor networks in the cortical dorsal stream. However, our reach trajectories are influenced also by nontarget ...objects, which might be construed as potential obstacles. We tested two patients with bilateral dorsal-stream (parietal lesions, both of whom were impaired at pointing to visual stimuli (optic ataxia). We asked them to reach between two cylinders, which varied in location from trial to trial. We found that the patients' reaches remained invariant with changes in obstacle location. In a control task when they were asked to point midway between the two objects, however, their responses shifted in an orderly fashion. We conclude that the dorsal stream provides the visual guidance we automatically build into our movements to avoid potential obstacles, as well as that required to ensure arrival at the target.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: The factors associated with outcome following solar foot penetration involving synovial structures treated using endoscopic lavage have not been described in the UK ...population. OBJECTIVES: To provide descriptive data on horses with synovial contamination or sepsis following solar penetration in 4 UK equine referral hospitals and to identify specific factors associated with the outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Data were collected from 4 veterinary hospitals. Follow‐up data were obtained via a telephone questionnaire. Two multivariable logistic regression models were generated. Model 1 included all horses with synovial contamination following foot penetration undergoing surgical treatment, with the outcome variable being euthanasia during hospitalisation. Model 2 included all horses surviving anaesthesia, with the outcome variable being failure to return to pre‐injury athletic function. RESULTS: Ninety‐five horses were included. Overall, 56% of horses survived to discharge and 36% of horses returned to pre‐injury athletic function. Model 1 included penetration of the central frog sulcus (odds ratio OR 10, 95% confidence interval CI 1.9–51.8), concurrent distal phalanx involvement (OR 32, 95% CI 2.6–101.9), increasing days to presentation (OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.0–1.3) and hospital. Model 2 included increasing days to presentation (OR 1.1, 95% CI 1.1–1.6), breed (OR 32, 95% CI 2.2–135.4), more than one surgery (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.0–32.7) and hospital. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Synovial involvement following solar foot penetration has a guarded prognosis for survival to discharge and a poor prognosis for return to pre‐injury athletic function. Penetration of the central sulcus of the frog and distal phalanx involvement are associated with euthanasia during hospitalisation. Delayed referral and hospitalisation are associated with both euthanasia and failure to return to pre‐injury athletic function. Breed and more than one surgery are associated with failure to return to pre‐injury athletic function. These data may assist veterinary surgeons and owners to make evidence‐based decisions when managing cases with synovial involvement following solar foot penetration.
The neurosciences have grown rapidly over the last half century. This growth has been stimulated by two important developments. First, molecular biology has transformed cellular neurobiology and has ...led to a new conceptual framework for signaling, a molecular framework that encompasses not only signaling in nerve cells but in all the cells of the body. Second, work on brain and cognition, which was traditionally associated with a number of different disciplines, has merged into a single discipline: cognitive neuroscience. This has provided a new framework for the study of memory, perception, action, language, and perhaps even conscious awareness. In this review, we will consider the second development by focusing on one aspect of cognitive neuroscience: recent progress in memory research. In so doing, we also want to consider the broader question: to what degree can these two independent and disparate strands-molecular neurobiology and cognitive neuroscience-be united? Can molecular biology enlighten the study of cognitive processes, such as learning and memory, as it has other areas of biology, such as development? In turn, can cognitive neuroscience define novel phenomena that will lead to a completely new set of molecular mechanisms and insights?
This article describes a quality improvement (QI) project on the expansion of self-management of warfarin to include patients whose international normalized ratios (INRs) are drawn by the laboratory ...and those patients who were only INR self-testing. Patients used portals to check or report their INR results and to report their warfarin dosing. The project was a success with all patients, exceeding the national benchmark of 68% for time in therapeutic range and nearly 100% use of patient portal for self-management of warfarin.
•Self-management of warfarin can be done safely and effectively in patients with laboratory drawn international normalized ratios.•Patient portals can be used by patients to check or report their international normalized ratios results and communicate their warfarin dosing.•Incorporating patient portals into self-management of warfarin may increase patient-provider communication.
In a series of three separate experiments, we studied two different orientation illusions, in both of which vertical lines appear tilted as a result of being set against a tilted background pattern. ...The 'simultaneous tilt illusion' (STI), in which a target grating is viewed within an abutting tilted grating surround, is thought to originate early in the cortical processing of visual contours. In contrast, the 'rod-and-frame' illusion (RFI), which is induced by a distant tilted frame, is thought to originate much later in the perceptual processing system. In the first two experiments we found that orientation-guided action was virtually impervious to the RFI, whereas both perceptual experience and action were equally influenced by the STI. In the third experiment, in which the two illusions were pitted one against the other, an opposite pattern of effects emerged, such that visuomotor performance was now deceived by the illusion much more than was perceptual experience. This pattern of association and dissociation in the effects of visual illusions on perception versus action can best be explained within a two-visual-systems model of cortical processing.
In recent years, the power sector has shown a growing reliance on natural gas, a cleaner-burning fuel than coal that emits approximately half as much CO
per kWh of energy produced. This rapid growth ...in the consumption of natural gas has led to increased CO
emissions from gas-fired power plants. To limit the contribution of fossil fuel combustion to atmospheric CO
levels, carbon capture and sequestration has been proposed as a potential emission mitigation strategy. However, despite extensive exploration of solid adsorbents for CO
capture, few studies have examined the performance of adsorbents in post-combustion capture processes specific to natural gas flue emissions. In this perspective, we emphasize the importance of considering gas-fired power plants alongside coal-fired plants in future analyses of carbon capture materials. We address specific challenges and opportunities related to adsorptive carbon capture from the emissions of gas-fired plants and discuss several promising candidate materials. Finally, we suggest experiments to determine the viability of new CO
capture materials for this separation. This broadening in the scope of current carbon capture research is urgently needed to accelerate the deployment of transformational carbon capture technologies.
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