Recently, melatonin has gained significant importance in plant research. The presence of melatonin in the plant kingdom has been known since 1995. It is a molecule that is conserved in a wide array ...of evolutionary distant organisms. Its functions and characteristics have been found to be similar in both plants and animals. The review focuses on the role of melatonin pertaining to physiological functions in higher plants. Melatonin regulates physiological functions regarding auxin activity, root, shoot, and explant growth, activates germination of seeds, promotes rhizogenesis (growth of adventitious and lateral roots), and holds up impelled leaf senescence. Melatonin is a natural bio‐stimulant that creates resistance in field crops against various abiotic stress, including heat, chemical pollutants, cold, drought, salinity, and harmful ultra‐violet radiation. The full potential of melatonin in regulating physiological functions in higher plants still needs to be explored by further research.
Topological edge states (TES) exhibit dissipationless transport, yet their dispersion has never been probed. Here we show that the nonlinear electrical response of ballistic TES ascertains the ...presence of symmetry breaking terms, such as deviations from nonlinearity and tilted spin quantization axes. The nonlinear response stems from discontinuities in the band occupation on either side of a Zeeman gap, and its direction is set by the spin orientation with respect to the Zeeman field. We determine the edge dispersion for several classes of TES and discuss experimental measurement.
In Hainan Island, South China, a 1000-year-old marine saltern has been identified as an intangible cultural heritage due to its historical complicated salt-making techniques, whereas the knowledge ...about this saltern is extremely limited. Herein, DNA sequencing and biochemical technologies were applied to determine bacterial and fungal communities of this saltern and their possible functions during four stages of salt-making, i.e. seawater storage, mud solarization, brine concentrating, and solar crystallization. The results showed that both of bacterial and fungal communities were suffered from significant changes during processing of salt-making in Danzhou Ancient Saltern, whereas the richness and diversity of bacterial community dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota and Cyanobacteria was considerably greater than that of fungal community dominated by Ascomycota, Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota. Additionally, the succession of bacterial community was closely associated with both of salt physicochemical properties (Na+, Cl−, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, Ca2+ and Mg2+) and bacteria themselves, whereas fungal community was more closely associated with physicochemical properties than fungi themselves. Importantly, Cyanobium_PCC-6307, Synechococcus_CC9902, Marinobacter, Prevotella and Halomonas as dominant bacterial genera respectively related to the metabolisms of amino acid, carbohydrate, terpenoids/polyketides, lipid and nucleotide were correlated with salt flavors. Saprophytic and saprotroph-symbiotroph fungi dominated by Aspergillus, Mortierella, Amanita, Neocucurbitaria and Tausonia also played core roles in the formation of salt flavors including umami and sweet smells. These findings revealed the highly specified microbiome community in this 1000-year-old saltern that mainly selected by brine solarization on basalt platforms, which is helpful to explore the underlying mechanisms of traditional salt-making techniques and to explore the useful microbes for nowadays food, medicine and chemical industries.
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•Mud solarization and brine crystallization on basalt platforms are two key steps of traditional techniques.•The richness and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities changed dramatically during salt-making processes.•The traditional salt-making techniques selected and maintained highly specialized microorganisms.
•The rate of intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular for IS were 9.5 % and 4.4 %.•In-hospital death rate was 1.9 % for strokes, ranging from 0.9 % for IS to 5.1 % for ICH.•The 1-year fatality rate ...was 8.6 % for discharged strokes: 6.0 % for IS to 17.7 % for ICH.•The disability and rate recurrence were 16.6 % and 5.7 % for stroke survivors.•The prognosis of Chinese strokes appears to have improved and is not very bad.
There is currently a lack of data on stroke hospitalizations and long-term outcomes in China. Therefore, we investigated 12-month stroke fatality, disability, and recurrence rates after the first-ever stroke.
This was a prospective nationwide hospital-based cohort study. From August to September 2019, all patients with first-ever stroke (ischemic stroke IS, intracerebral hemorrhage ICH, and subarachnoid hemorrhage SAH) and with symptom onset within 14 days from 232 hospitals were included. Case fatality, disability, and recurrence rates for one year were estimated.
In total, 36250 first-ever stroke patients from 194 hospitals were recruited (median age was 65(IQR, 56-73) years and 61.4 % were male). The rate of intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular treatment for IS were 9.5 % and 4.4 %, respectively. In-hospital death rate was 1.9 % (95 %CI: 1.7 %–2.0 %) for stroke inpatients, ranging from 0.9 % (0.8 %–1.1 %) for IS to 5.1 % (4.6 %–5.6 %) for ICH. The 12-month fatality rate was 8.6 % (95 %CI: 8.3 %–8.9 %) for discharged stroke patients, ranging from 6.0 % (5.7 %–6.3 %) for IS to 17.7 % (16.7 %–18.7 %) for ICH. The 12-month disability rate was 16.6 % (95 %CI: 16.2 %–17.0 %) for stroke survivors, ranging from 11.1 % (9.3 %–12.8 %) for SAH to 29.2 % (27.9 %–30.4 %) for ICH. The stroke recurrence rate was 5.7 % (5.5 %–6.0 %) for stroke survivors, ranging from 2.5 % (1.7 %–3.3 %) for SAH to 6.4 % (6.0 %–6.7 %) for IS.
Our results support the hypothesis that the prognosis of Chinese stroke patients appears to have improved and is not very bad.
In China, stroke is a major cause of mortality, and long-term physical and cognitive impairment. To meet this challenge, the Ministry of Health China Stroke Prevention Project Committee (CSPPC) was ...established in April 2011. This committee actively promotes stroke prevention and control in China. With government financial support of 838.4 million CNY, 8.352 million people from 536 screening points in 31 provinces have received stroke screening and follow-up over the last seven years (2012–2018). In 2016, the CSPPC issued a plan to establish stroke centers. To shorten the pre-hospital period, the CSPPC established a stroke center network, stroke map, and stroke “Green Channel” to create three 1-h gold rescue circles, abbreviated as “1-1-1” (onset to call time <1 h; pre-hospital transfer time < 1 h, and door-to-needle time < 1 h). From 2017 to 2018, the median door-to-needle time dropped by 4.0% (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.4–9.4) from 50 min to 48 min, and the median onset-to-needle time dropped by 2.8% (95% CI, 0.4–5.2) from 180 min to 175 min. As of 31 December 2018, the CSPPC has established 380 stroke centers in mainland China. From 1 November 2018, the CSPPC has monitored the quality of stroke care in stroke center hospitals through the China Stroke Data Center Data Reporting Platform. The CSPPC Stroke program has led to a significant improvement in stroke care. This program needs to be further promoted nationwide.
Background
To assess whether stroke patients admitted to stroke units (SU) have a better short-term outcome than those treated in conventional wards (CW).
Methods
A total of 20 hospitals from 16 ...provinces in China were initially selected in this study. Finally, 24,090 consecutive admissions in 2013–2015 treated in CW and 21,332 consecutive entries in 2017–2019 treated in SU were included. The primary endpoint of this study was the all-cause death or dependency condition three months after admission.
Results
Patients in the SU group were more likely receiving thrombolytic therapy (3.9 vs 2.1%) and intravascular treatment (1.2 and 0.7%). In-hospital death were lower in the SU group than the CW group (SU vs CW: 2.93 vs 4.58% absolute difference, − 2.28% {95% CI, − 3.32% to − 0.93%}, odd ratio {OR}, 0.72{95% CI, 0.61 to 0.82}. Death after discharge was also lower in the SU group than the CW (SU vs CW: 5.07 vs 6.72% absolute difference, − 2.33% {95% CI, − 3.39% to − 0.90%}, odd ratio {OR}, 0.75{95% CI, 0.68 to 0.84}. In addition, patients who received SU care were less likely to be dead or disabled than those patients who received CW care after adjusting for other variability (SU vs CW: 36.20 vs 44.33% absolute difference, − 11.33% {95% CI, − 15.32% to − 7.14%}, odd ratio {OR}, 0.78{95% CI, 0.80 to 0.85}.
Conclusions
Among patients with stroke, admission to a designated SU was associated with modestly lower mortality at discharge, reduced probability of death, or being disabled at the end of follow-up.
We investigate a double-Weyl semimetal stabilized by screw symmetry TẑC4, with C4 the fourfold rotation around the z axis, and Tẑ a translation operation along z direction. It is found that the screw ...symmetry TẑC4 guarantees that the dispersion relation is quadratic near the double-Weyl nodes by symmetry analysis. The form of the low-energy effective Hamiltonian near the double-Weyl nodes can be completely determined by symmetries of the system. We also investigate the symmetry-breaking effect. When a symmetry breaking term is added to the system, each double-Weyl node splits into two linear Weyl nodes with monopole charge ±1. The symmetry-breaking effect can be seen from the Fermi arcs.
The potential for preventive and therapeutic applications of H
have now been confirmed in various disease. However, the effects of H
on health status have not been fully elucidated. Our previous ...study reported changes in the body weight and 13 serum biochemical parameters during the six-month hydrogen intervention. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of long-term hydrogen consumption, the plasma metabolome and gut microbiota were investigated in this study. Compared with the control group, 14 and 10 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified in hydrogen-rich water (HRW) and hydrogen inhalation (HI) group, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that HRW intake mainly affected starch and sucrose metabolism, and DMs in HI group were mainly enriched in arginine biosynthesis. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that HRW intake induced significant changes in the structure of gut microbiota, while no marked bacterial community differences was observed in HI group. HRW intake mainly induced significant increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Clostridium XI, and decrease in Bacteroides. HI mainly induced decreased abundances of Blautia and Paraprevotella. The metabolic function was determined by metabolic cage analysis and showed that HI decreased the voluntary intake and excretions of rats, while HRW intake did not. The results of this study provide basic data for further research on hydrogen medicine. Determination of the effects of hydrogen intervention on microbiota profiles could also shed light on identification of mechanism underlying the biological effects of molecular hydrogen.
Globally, crop production has been widely threatened by contamination of arable lands with heavy metals including Nickel (Ni). Stress-relief molecule melatonin (ME) has been widely used to mitigate ...the phytotoxicity induced by heavy metals. The current study aimed to explore the response to Ni stress and the alleviating role of ME in boosting Ni-stress tolerance in tomato seedlings. The roots of tomato seedlings pretreated with ME (100 μM) for 3 days, followed by applied Ni (50 μM) for 7 days. The treatments were composed of (1) control (CK); (2) melatonin (ME, 100 μM); (3) nickel (Ni, 50 μM); and (4) melatonin and nickel treatment (ME+Ni, 100 μM + 50 μM). Nickel toxicity noticeably inhibited plant growth and biomass production by impairing the root architecture, photosynthesis process, nutrient uptake, and antioxidant enzymes. Conversely, ME-supplementation inhibited Ni-induced growth damage, improved root architecture, nutrient uptake, pigment contents, and leaf gas exchange parameters, and decreased Ni-accumulation. Furthermore, the electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation were significantly reduced in ME-treated seedlings via improving antioxidant enzyme activity as well as upregulation of their encoding gene expression. In conclusion, our findings provide a shred of substantial evidence that ME improved Ni-induced phytotoxicity in tomato seedlings, mainly by improving the root architecture, biomass production, mineral homeostasis (reducing nickel accumulation in plants), and photosynthetic efficiency.
Background
Timely recognition of futile recanalization might enable a prompter response and thus improve outcomes in patients receiving successful thrombectomy. This study aims to evaluate whether ...postoperative fibrinogen‐to‐albumin ratio (FAR) could act as an indicator of futile recanalization.
Methods
This is a single‐center, retrospective analysis of patients with acute anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion and successful thrombectomy between May 2019 and June 2022. FAR was defined as postoperative blood levels of fibrinogen divided by those of albumin, and dichotomized into high and low levels based on the Youden index. Futile recanalization was defined as patients achieving a successful recanalization with a modified Rankin Scale score of 3–6 at 90 days. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association of FAR with futile recanalization.
Results
A total of 255 patients were enrolled, amongst which 87 patients (34.1%) had high postoperative FAR. Futile recanalization was more prevalent among patients with high FAR compared to those with low FAR (74.7% vs. 53.0%, p = .001). After adjusting for potential confounders, high postoperative FAR was found to independently correspond with the occurrence of futile recanalization (adjusted OR 2.40, 95%CI 1.18–4.87, p = .015). This association was consistently observed regardless of prior antithrombotic therapy, treatment of intravenous thrombolysis, occlusion site, time from symptom onset to groin puncture, and reperfusion status.
Conclusion
Our findings support high postoperative FAR serving as an indicator of futile recanalization in patients with anterior circulation large‐vessel occlusion and successful thrombectomy.
Timely recognition of futile recanalization might enable a prompter response and thus improve outcome in patients receiving successful thrombectomy. The fibrinogen‐to‐albumin ratio is a valuable serological marker that may reflect information on both blood hemorheology and inflammation. Futile recanalization was more prevalent among patients with high postoperative fibrinogen‐to‐albumin ratio. High postoperative fibrinogen‐to‐albumin ratio could serve as an indicator of futile recanalization.
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