Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been used in industrial worlds for decades. Three-dimensional bioprinting has recently received an increasing attention across the globe among ...researchers, academicians, students, and even the ordinary people. This emerging technique has a great potential to engineer highly organized functional bioconstructs with complex geometries and tailored components for engineering bioartificial tissues/organs for widespread applications, including transplantation, therapeutic investigation, drug development, bioassay, and disease modeling. Although many specialized 3D printers have been developed and applied to print various types of 3D tissue constructs, bioprinting technologies still have several technical challenges, including high resolution distribution of cells, controlled deposition of bioinks, suitable bioink materials, maturation of cells, and effective vascularization and innervation within engineered complex structures. In this brief review, we discuss about bioprinting approach, current limitations, and possibility of future advancements for producing engineered bioconstructs and bioartificial organs with desired functionalities.
Novel molybdenum (Mo)-doped nickel oxide (NiO) Nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by using a simple sonochemical methodology and the synthesized NPs were investigated for antioxidant, and ...antibacterial applications. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the crystal systems of rhombohedral (21.34 nm) and monoclinic (17.76 nm) were observed for pure NiO and Mo-doped NiO NPs respectively. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that the pure NiO NPs possess irregular spherical shape with an average particle size of 93.89 nm while the Mo-doped NiO NPs exhibit spherical morphology with an average particle size of 85.48 nm. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrum further indicated that the pure and Mo-doped NiO NPs exhibited strong absorption band at the wavelengths of 365 and 349 nm, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity of NiO and Mo-doped NiO NPs was also investigated by utilizing several biochemical assays. The Mo-doped NiO NPs showed better antioxidant activity (84.2%) towards ABTS. + at 200 µg/mL in comparison to their pure counterpart which confirmed that not only antioxidant potency of the doped NPs was better than pure NPs but this efficacy was also concentration dependant as well. The NiO and Mo-doped NiO NPs were further evaluated for their antibacterial activity against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli) bacterial strains. The Mo-doped NiO NPs displayed better antibacterial activity (25 mm) against E. coli in comparison to the pure NPs. The synthesized NPs exhibited excellent aptitude for multi-dimensional applications.
In this study, photocatalysis was employed to degrade a wastewater pollutant (AB-29 dye) under visible light irradiation. For this purpose, nitrogen (N)- and neodymium (Nd)-doped TiO2 nanoparticles ...were prepared using the simple hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed an anatase phase structure of the Nd-N/TiO2 photocatalyst, whereas properties including the surface morphology, chemical states/electronics structure and optical structure were determined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–visible (UV–vis.) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. Photocatalytic testing of the prepared nanomaterials was performed to remove acid blue-29 (AB-29) dye under visible-light exposure. The prepared Nd-N/TiO2 nanoparticles demonstrated a superior photocatalytic activity and the decolorization efficiency was about 92% after visible-light illumination for 1 h and 20 min, while N/TiO2, Nd/TiO2 and TiO2 only showed a 67%, 43% and 31% decolorization efficiency, respectively. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the Nd-N/TiO2 photocatalyst was due to a decrease in the electron/hole’s recombination and the increased absorption of TiO2 in the visible range. The reusability results showed that the average photocatalytic activity decrease for all the samples was only about 16% after five consecutive cycles, indicating a good stability of the prepared nanomaterials. Moreover, the radical scavenging activity of the prepared nanomaterials was evaluated using the DPPH method. The novel Nd-N/TiO2 exhibited a higher antioxidant activity compared to all the other samples.
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•This review focuses on the early detection of lung cancer biomarkers.•Latest biosensing approaches for lung cancer detection studies are addressed.•Conventional methods for lung ...cancer biomarkers detection are also summarized.
Lung cancer is undoubtedly one of the most serious health issues of the 21 st century. It is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women worldwide, accounting for about 1.5 million deaths annually. Despite advances in the treatment of lung cancer with new pharmaceutical products and technological improvements, morbidity and mortality rates remains a significant challenge for the cancer biologists and oncologists. The vast majority of lung cancer patients present with advanced-stage of pathological process that ultimately leads to poor prognosis and a five-year survival rate less than 20%. Early and accurate screening and analysis using cost-effective means are urgently needed to effectively diagnose the disease, improve the survival rate or to reduce mortality and morbidity associated with lung cancer patients. Thus, the only hope for early recognition of risk factors and timely diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer is biosensors technology. Novel biosensing based diagnostics approaches for predicting metastatic risks are likely to have significant therapeutic and clinical impact in the near future. This article systematically provides a brief overview of various biosensing platforms for identification of lung cancer disease biomarkers, with a specific focus on recent advancements in electrochemical and optical biosensors, analytical performances of different biosensors, challenges and further research opportunities for routine clinical analysis.
This study was designed to check the potential of secondary metabolites of the selected plants; Citrullus colocynthis, Solanum nigrum, Solanum surattense, Calotropis procera, Agave americana, and ...Anagallis arvensis for antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and antidiabetic agents. Plant material was soaked in ethanol/methanol to get the crude extract, which was further partitioned via solvent extraction technique. GCMS and FTIR analytical techniques were applied to check the compounds responsible for causing antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities. It was concluded that about 80% of studied extracts/fractions were active against α-amylase, ranging from 43 to 96%. The highest activity (96.63%) was exhibited by butanol fractions of A. arvensis while the least response (43.65%) was shown by the aqueous fraction of C. colocynthis and the methanol fraction of fruit of S. surattense. The highest antioxidant activity was shown by the ethyl acetate fraction of Anagallis arvensis (78.1%), while aqueous as well as n-hexane fractions are the least active throughout the assay. Results showed that all tested plants can be an excellent source of natural products with potential antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic potential. The biological response of these species is depicted as a good therapeutic agent, and, in the future, it can be encapsulated for drug discovery.
A highly sensitive amperometric sensor has been studied for selective monitoring of K(+)-induced dopamine released from dopaminergic cells (PC12) which is based on an EDTA ...immobilized-poly(1,5-diaminonaphthalne) (poly-DAN) layer comprising graphene oxide (GO) and gold nanoparticles (GO/AuNPs). The integration of a negatively charged probe molecule on the poly-DAN/GO/AuNPs nanohybrid attained the signal enhancement to discriminate dopamine (DA) molecules from foreign species by catalytic effect and surface charge, and hydrogen bonding-based interactions with a probe molecule. The sensor performance and morphology were investigated using voltammetry, impedance spectrometry, SEM, and XPS. Experimental variables affecting the analytical performance of the sensor probe were optimized, and linear response was observed in the range of 10 nM-1 µM with a detection limit of 5.0 nM (±0.01) for DA. Then, the sensor was applied to monitor dopamine released from PC12 cells upon extracellular stimulation of K(+) ions. It was also confirmed that K(+)-induced dopamine release was inhibited by a calcium channel inhibitor (Nifidipine). The results demonstrated that the presented biosensor could be used as an excellent tool for monitoring the effect of exogenous agents on living cells and drug efficacy tests.
In this paper, we report on nanodisc-shaped MgCo2O4 wrapped with ZnS, achieved using the sol–gel-assisted hydrothermal method. This enhances the electrochemical performance, with the electrode ...delivering superior supercapacitive performance compared to MgCo2O4. Moreover, the nanodisc provides more active sites and allows smooth charge transfer during faradaic reactions. The nanodisc-shaped MgCo2O4 with ZnS delivers a capacitance of approximately 910 F/g at 1 A/g. The fabricated asymmetric capacitor is composed of MgCo2O4@ZnS and activated carbon (AC). The nanodisc-shaped MgCo2O4@ZnS provides more active sites and allows the smooth transport of electrons during long-term cycling. In addition, the electrode side reactions and electrolyte decomposition are significantly reduced due to the ZnS coating on the surface of the MgCo2O4, allowing this asymmetric capacitor to deliver an energy density of 43 Wh·kg−1 at 1454 W·kg−1. The performance of the asymmetric capacitor exhibits enhanced supercapacitive performance and opens a new way to investigate asymmetric supercapacitor devices.
Abnormal levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in human serum are the most sensitive indicator of hepatocellular damage. Because liver-related health problems ...are directly linked to elevated levels of ALT and AST, it is important to develop accurate and rapid methods to detect these enzymes for the early diagnosis of liver disease and prevention of long-term liver damage. Several analytical methods have been developed for the detection of ALT and AST. However, these methods are based on complex mechanisms and require bulky instruments and laboratories, making them unsuitable for point-of-care application or in-house testing. Lateral flow assay (LFA)-based biosensors, on the other hand, provide rapid, accurate, and reliable results, are easy to operate, and are affordable for low-income populations. However, due to the storage, stability, batch-to-batch variations, and error margins, antibody-based LFAs are considered unaffordable for field applications. In this hypothesis, we propose the selection of aptamers with high affinity and specificity for the liver biomarkers ALT and AST to build an efficient LFA device for point-of-care applications. Though the aptamer-based LFA would be semiquantitative for ALT and AST, it would be an inexpensive option for the early detection and diagnosis of liver disease. Aptamer-based LFA is anticipated to minimize the economic burden. It can also be used for routine liver function tests regardless of the economic situation in each country. By developing a low-cost testing platform, millions of patients suffering from liver disease can be saved.
The development and study of Na ion batteries are expanding. This study employs the hydrothermal technique to produce single-phase, well-crystallized, fluorine-added O3-type NaFe1-xMgxO2. Using XRD, ...FESEM, and HRTEM, the sample’s phase structure and morphological information were characterized. Initially, without adding fluorine the electrode suffers from poor stability at high voltage ranges and also during long-term cycling. So, fluorine was added to the structure and the electrochemical performance of the material was greatly increased. The electrochemical performance of O3-type positive electrode materials for rechargeable Na ion batteries is evaluated. The capacity of fluorine-added O3-type NaFe1-xMgxO2 is approximately 163 mAh g−1 (50 mA g−1). Adding fluorine to the host structure increases the stability of the electrode, leading to improved electrochemical performance during long-term cycling. The electrochemical results indicate that fluorine-added O3-type NaFe1-xMgxO2 cathode material for cost-effective and environmentally friendly sodium-ion batteries is promising. Fluorine-based electrodes will be a future for Na ion energy storage devices
Wound healing is severely compromised in patients with diabetes owing to factors such poor blood circulation, delayed immune response, elevated blood sugar levels, and neuropathy. Although the ...development of new wound healing products and prevention of serious complications such as infections in wounds have received substantial interest, wound healing remains a challenge in regenerative medicine. Burn wounds, especially third-degree burns, are difficult to treat because they are associated with immune and inflammatory reactions and distributive shock. Wound care and treatment that protects the burn site from infection and allows wound healing can be achieved with bioengineered wound dressings. However, few studies have reported effective dressings for third-degree burn wounds, making it important to develop new dressing materials.
In this study, we developed an artificial amniotic membrane (AM) using epithelial and mesenchymal cells derived from human amnion as a novel dressing material. The artificial AM was applied to the wound of a diabetic third-degree burn model and its wound healing ability was evaluated.
This artificial amnion produced multiple growth factors associated with angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, and anti-inflammation. In addition, angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation were promoted in the artificial AM-treated mouse group compared with the control group. Furthermore, the inflammatory phase was prolonged in the control group.
Our preliminary results indicate that the artificial AM might be useful as a new dressing for refractory ulcers and third-degree burns. This artificial AM-based material represents great potential for downstream clinical research and treatment of diabetes patients with third-degree burns.
•An artificial amniotic membrane (AM) was developed as a new wound dressing material.•The AM released angiogenesis, fibroblast growth, and anti-inflammation factors.•The AM suppressed inflammation and promoted wound healing in diabetic mice.•Wound closure was faster and granulosa tissue was thicker in AM-treated mice.•This new AM has great potential for downstream clinical research on burn injuries.
