Within the framework of this work, the analysis of the existing dynamics of changes in the structure of world states at the current stages is carried out. The main reasons and factors that ...contributed to these changes are given, and the main comparative characteristics of traditional and non-traditional generating facilities are considered. It also provides examples of the advantages and opportunities that the energy sector will receive in the transition to the use of renewable energy sources. Special attention is paid to the problem of insufficient speed of reorientation of the energy sector of the to modern technologies in the field of generation. The results of the analysis of changes in the structure of the world energy at the current stages are also presented.
Phosphorus is one of the most abundant minerals in the human body. It is essential for almost all biochemical activities through ATP formation, intracellular signal transduction, cell membrane ...formation, bone mineralization, DNA and RNA synthesis, and inflammation modulation through various inflammatory cytokines. Phosphorus levels must be optimally regulated, as any deviations may lead to substantial derangements in glucose homeostasis. Clinical studies have reported that hyperphosphatemia can increase an individual’s risk of developing metabolic syndrome. High phosphate burden has been shown to impair glucose metabolism by impairing pancreatic insulin secretion and increasing the risk of cardiometabolic disorders. Phosphate toxicity deserves more attention as metabolic syndrome is being seen more frequently worldwide and should be investigated further to determine the underlying mechanism of how phosphate burden may increase the cardiometabolic risk in the general population.
The byproduct of ethylene tar has a high content of mono-, bi-, and polycyclic aromatic compounds, as well as cycloalkenes, including aromatic cycloalkenes. This paper evaluates the prospects of ...using ethylene tar as an additive in the visbreaking process of vacuum residue. A series of experiments on visbreaking of vacuum residue with additives of various refinery streams and ethylene tar were performed in a laboratory flow reactor. As a result of a comparative study of the composition of vacuum residue visbreaking products by different methods, it was shown that the use of ethylene tar compared with kerosene, light cycle oil, and heavy cycle oil allows an increased yield of the target product with a higher proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of asphaltenes and resins of visbreaking products indicates a general trend of changes in the process of visbreaking vacuum residue with refinery streams and ethylene tar. A comparison of the colloidal instability index showed that the use of ethylene tar allows attainment of a more stable visbreaking product concerning refinery streams as additives.
In the present work, the first data on the catalytic activity of d-metal complexes of petroleum porphyrins obtained via two-stage re-metallization (acid demetallization with subsequent metalation) of ...high-purity petroleum vanadyl porphyrins are presented. During acid demetallization of petroleum vanadyl porphyrins, the highest yield (49%) and spectral purity of free petroporphyrin bases were achieved with concentrated sulfuric acid and a diluted solution of vanadyl porphyrins in chloroform. In the series of divalent cations of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, only the last four metals are complexed with demetallated petroporphyrins without significant changes in their component composition, whereas the interaction with Mn and Fe cations causes an evident structural transformation or even full degradation of petroporphyrin macrocycles, respectively. The composition and spectral purity of petroleum porphyrin-containing reactants and products were analyzed by FT-IR, UV-Vis, NMR, and MALDI-TOF mass spectroscopic methods. The obtained petroporphyrin-based d-metal complexes were assayed by the reaction of 2-mercaptoethanol oxidative dimerization, in which the copper porphyrins exhibited the highest catalytic activity.
This work aimed to study the efficacy and safety of the class III antiarrhythmic agent cavutilide (Niferidil, Refralon) for pharmacological cardioversion in patients with paroxysmal and persistent ...atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF).
In this retrospective cohort study, 58 patients with stable HF (aged 69 61;73 years, 30 males, 78% with persistent AF) and 274 patients without HF (aged 63 57;70 years, 196 males, 56% with persistent AF) were included. The median AF duration in the group with HF was 35.5 10.6;124 days, and that in the group without HF was 14.5 3.6;90 days. All patients received 5-30 µg/kg cavutilide intravenously in one to four (if needed) boluses of 5-5-10-10 µg/kg at 15 min intervals. Subsequent boluses were not administered if the patient's sinus rhythm (SR) was restored or if bradycardia, QT prolongation > 500 ms or evidence of proarrhythmia was observed. Holter electrocardiogram monitoring was started before infusion and was continued for 24 h. The main criterion for an antiarrhythmic effect was sinus rhythm restoration within 24 h of the initial bolus.
Cavutilide converted AF to SR in 37.9% of patients with HF after bolus 1 (5 µg/kg), in 58.6% after bolus 2 (cumulative dose = 10 µg/kg), in 74% of cases after bolus 3 (cumulative dose = 20 µg/kg) and in 92.8% of cases after bolus 4 (cumulative dose = 30 µg/kg). Cavutilide was effective in 89% of cases with persistent AF with a median duration of 70.5 30;159 days and in 92% of cases with paroxysmal AF with a median duration of 36 24;102 h. In the group of patients without HF, the effectiveness of bolus 1 was 36.9%, that of the bolus 2 was 58%, that of the bolus 3 was 77% and that of the bolus 4 was 90.1%. Cavutilide restored SR in 90% of patients with persistent AF with a median duration of 82.5 28;180 days and in 90% of cases with paroxysmal AF with a median duration of 50 24;120 h. No statistically significant difference in the probability of SR restoration or the effectiveness of each bolus of cavutilide was found between patients with and without HF. The median time to restoration of SR in patients with HF was 23 11;55 min, and that in patients without HF was 22 10;45 min (
= 0.424). No cases of symptomatic/severe bradycardia were observed in either group. QT prolongation over 500 ms after cavutilide injection was registered in 19% of patients without HF and in 15.5% of those with HF (
= 0.58). Short runs of Torsade de pointes tachycardia occurred in one patient (0.4%) without HF after 10 µg cavutilide administration and were successfully treated with MgSO
.
Cavutilide demonstrated a high likelihood of AF conversion to SR in paroxysmal (92%) and persistent (89%) arrhythmia and HF. Concomitant HF and its severity do not affect the efficacy and safety of cavutilide.
Details of the change of structural-group composition of heavy oil asphaltenes modified with sulfuric acid and oleum depending on the process conditions have been determined. The effect of the amount ...and concentration of sulfuric acid, exposure time, and elevated pressure has been evaluated. The formation of sulfo-, sulfono-, phenolic hydroxyl, carboxylic, and carbonyl functional groups has been detected in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra for the obtained sulfonated asphaltenes. Spectral coefficients have been calculated for asphaltenes and products of their sulfonation according to the main absorption bands in FT-IR spectra. Analysis of spectral coefficients has indicated the relationship of the fraction of newly formed functional groups in sulfonated asphaltenes and process conditions of sulfuric acid modification. The obtained sulfonated asphaltenes have been analyzed as sulfocationites with the evaluation of sorption capacity. It has been shown that the successive modification of heavy oil asphaltenes with sulfuric acid and oleum gives sulfocationite with the static exchange capacity of 3.39 meq/g. The relationship of spectral coefficients and sorption characteristics of sulfonated asphaltenes has been determined.
The completeness of the provision of the body of highly productive cows with the necessary set of nutrients depends on the set of feeds included in their diet, as well as on their quality. The ...purpose of the research is to study the effect of silage with the biological preservative “GreenGrass 3×3” on the technological properties of milk from cows of Holstein and Ayrshire breeds. It is found that the morphological and biochemical composition of the blood in the animals of the experimental groups significantly improves approaching the optimal parameters. Feeding lactating cows with silage in feed mixture from lucerne prepared with bio-preservative increases the average daily milk yield by 20.5% in the Holstein breed and by 26.9% in the Ayrshire breed. The quality of milk is improved by the increase in the mass fat fraction by 0.10-0.13% respectively, the mass protein fraction - by 0.10-0.14%, including casein - by 0.14-0.19%. In the general structure of milk proteins, the mass fraction of casein increases, while the mass fraction of whey proteins, on the contrary, decreased by 2.0-2.2%. It is very important that the proportion of γ-caseins, which do not clot under the influence of rennet, decreased by 0.5-0.9% in the test samples. As a result, the duration of clotting by rennet decreased by 13.8-12.1% and the loss of dry matter with whey - by 1.3-2.1%, the yield of casein clot increased by 5-4% and its density increased by 0,37-0.22 g / cm
2
. All these aspects show the increase in the technological properties of milk in cows from the experimental groups.
In this short communication we report the results of measurements of the number densities of O
3
, NO and NO
2
in the afterglow of a dielectric barrier discharge. Detailed modelling of plasma ...processes in a DBD is a challenging task and this data is necessary for verification of numerical model. The DBD in air produced only O
3
up to ~10
16
cm
-3
and NO up to ~5×10
14
cm
-3
that increased with discharge power linearly. In air fuel mixtures O
3
was an order of magnitude smaller, it decreased with CH
4
. In methane-air mixture NO was not detected, but NO
2
up to ~10
15
cm
-3
appeared instead.
A series of experiments has been carried out on the thermolysis of heavy oil using 2.5-10.0% light hydrocarbon naphtha additive of vacuum gasoil prepared from conventional oil. It has been shown that ...the employment of the additive increases the conversion of heavy oil, avoids coke formation in the products of thermolysis as compared to the basic process without additive, and does not prevent the decrease in the viscosity of the products during thermolysis. It has been revealed on the example of the heavy oil of Ashal'chinskoe deposit (Russia) that the thermolysis with the addition of light naphtha gives a liquid product with the yield higher than 97% and the viscosity of less than 80 mm
2
/s.
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