Synthesis of novel ON donor ether based Schiff bases copper(II) complexes. Characterization of synthons by FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and electro-analytical techniques. Biological ...(cytotoxic, antitumor) as well as electrochemical studies (drug–DNA interaction). Substantial interaction with DNA molecules.
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Four novel copper complexes bis((E)-2-((4-phenoxyphenylimino)methyl)phenolate) copper(II) (CuL1), bis((E)-2-((4-(4-biphenyloxy)phenylimino)methyl)phenolate) copper(II) (CuL2), bis((E)-2-((4-(naphthalen-1-yloxy)phenylimino)methyl)phenolate) copper(II) (CuL3) and bis((E)-2-((4-(2-naphthoxy)phenylimino)methyl)phenolate) copper(II) (CuL4) have been synthesized and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and electro-analytical techniques. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of complex (CuL1) revealed that the compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system. The absolute structure has been determined from the diffraction data. The molecule lies on a 2-fold axis with geometry intermediate between square planar and tetrahedral. In the complexes the ligands are bidentate, coordinating through phenolate oxygen and azomethine nitrogen to the copper ions. The biological studies (cytotoxic and antitumor) have revealed their bioactive nature. Results of brine shrimp cytotoxicity indicated their LD50 values <1μg/ml and IC50 values from 0.7 to 16μg/ml, indicating their antitumor nature. The voltammetric analysis showed that the complexes follow one electron transfer quasi-reversible partially diffusion controlled process. Further, the electro-reduced form of the complexes had substantial interaction with DNA molecules in a concentration dependent manner.
In this study, ALOS-2 PALSAR L-band dual-pol (HH and HV) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images were used for above ground biomass (AGB) estimation of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) tree species in the ...managed forest of Chichawatni Irrigated Plantation, Sahiwal District, Punjab, Pakistan. A total of 15 plots were surveyed during the field campaign and locally developed tree species-specific allometric equation was used for AGB calculation. The SAR images were pre-processed and calibrated to sigma nought (dB) for statistical AGB modeling. Nonlinear regression models between field-based AGB (ton/ha) and SAR backscatter sigma nought (dB) values give R
2
(0.47 and 0.55) and RMSE (1.18 and 1.87) values for HH and HV-pol data, respectively. AGB maps generated through these regression models from both HH and HV-pol data show similar AGB values and spatial patterns. Due to a small number of sample plots, the Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV) proxy validation method was used for model validation, between estimated and predicted backscatter sigma nought (dB) values. The validation R
2
values are small; however, outliers are identifiable in the validation scatterplots. The AGB maps from this study are useful as a first estimate of AGB values from remote sensing in the study region, especially in the context of the REDD+ program.
In this work, we highlighted the effect of surface modifications of one-dimensional (1D) ZnO nanostructures (NSs) grown by the vapor-solid mechanism on their antibacterial activity. Two sets of ZnO ...NSs were modified separately - one set was modified by annealing in an Ar environment, and the second set was modified in O2 plasma. Annealing in Ar below 800°C resulted in a compressed lattice, which was due to removal of Zn interstitials and increased O vacancies. Annealing above 1,000°C caused the formation of a new prominent phase, Zn2SiO4. Plasma oxidation of the ZnO NSs caused an expansion in the lattice due to the removal of O vacancies and incorporation of excess O. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy was employed for the quantification of defects associated with Zn and O in the as-grown and processed ZnO NS. Two distinct bands were observed, one in the ultraviolet (UV) region, due to interband transitions, and other in the visible region, due to defects associated with Zn and O. PL confirmed the surface modification of ZnO NS, as substantial decrease in intensities of visible band was observed. Antibacterial activity of the modified ZnO NSs demonstrated that the surface modifications by Ar annealing limited the antibacterial characteristics of ZnO NS against Staphylococcus aureus. However, ZnO NSs annealed at 1,000°C or higher showed a remarkable antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. O2 plasma-treated NS showed appreciable antibacterial activity against both E. coli and S. aureus. The minimum inhibition concentration was determined to be 0.5 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL for Ar-annealed and plasma-oxidized ZnO NS, respectively. It was thus proved that the O content at the surface of the ZnO NS was crucial to tune the antibacterial activity against both selected gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. aureus) bacterial species.
The pulverized manifestation of Pedalium murex seeds, excerpted by Soxhlets apparatus after treating with n-hexane. Oil sample was well scrutinized by EI-GC-MS, utilizing the full scan technique ...within mass ranges lies from 40-700 m/z. 73compounds were recognized among them, 63 compounds were identified and 10 were marked as unidentified (8, 22, 27, 43, 47, 61, 62, 64, 68 and 69). The method was executed by the conventional system of Mass spectroscopy and the data interpreted by considerable match factor greater than or equal to95 inspected by NIST library. Antidiabetic activity was carried out by Accu-Chek glucometer. Healthy albino mice were selected to perform antidiabetic activity of seed oil at 100mg/Kg and 200mg/Kg with a standard drug glibenclamide at 5mg/Kg. Antidiabetic activity was observed on 1st, 7th,14th, 21th,27th and 30th days. Statistical calculations and significant outcomes were obtained by One-way and Two-way analysis of variance, followed by Tuckey's test. The phytochemical n- hexadecanoic acid (19.53%) might be responsible for antidiabetic activity of the seed oil. Keywords: Pedalium murex, GCMS-EI, antidiabetic activity.
This paper examines the existence and coincidence of pre‐ and‐post stock price multiple bubbles in Chines and Pakistani capital markets under China Pakistan Economic Corridor regime using generalized ...supremum augmented Dickey–Fuller (GSADF) test with weekly closing prices for the period 2013–2018 for different market indices of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX), Shanghai Stock Exchange, and Shenzhen Stock Exchange. Empirical results depict that multiple stock bubbles exist in PSX at the end of 2016 and as well as in Chinese stock markets in the mid of 2014–2015 and these stock price bubbles are correlated between Pakistan and China. The present study is expected to be pioneer in its nature to apply GSADF for the identification of multiple stock bubbles in emerging stock markets of Pakistan and China which can be further used for comparison of stock bubbles in other regional markets such as BRICS or SAARC regions.
Synthesis and characterization of nickel(II) complexes. Single crystal X-ray analysis of Ni(L1)PPh3 revealed square planar geometry. Pharmacological investigations explored bioactive nature. ...Voltammetry showed reversible one ET diffusion controlled process. Strong compound- DNA interaction was observed.
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The complexes N-(2-oxidophenyl) salicylideneiminatotriphenylphosphine nickel(II) (Ni(L1)PPh3) and N-(2-sulfidophenyl)salicylideneiminatotriphenylphosphine nickel(II) (Ni(L2)PPh3) have been synthesized from Schiff base ligands N-(2-oxidophenyl)salicylideneiminate)(H2L1), N-(2-sulfidophenyl)salicylideneiminate)(H2L2) and bistriphenylphosphine nickel(II) chloride. The synthons were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic (FT-IR, 1H, 13C and &31P NMR) methods and electro-analytical techniques. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of complex Ni(L1)PPh3 revealed its square planar geometry where nickel being coordinated through tridentate Schiff base H2L1 and triphenylphosphine ligands. The pharmacological activities (brine shrimp cytotoxicity, antitumor, DPPH, DNA damage, antibacterial & antifungal) of the Schiff bases (H2L1 & H2L2) and their nickel complexes (Ni(L1)PPh3 & Ni(L2)PPh3) were investigated along with drug–DNA interaction studies. Results of brine shrimp lethality and antitumor assay showed highly significant activities which correlate the cytotoxic effect that can be utilized as anticancerous agents. In DPPH assay two compounds (H2L1 & Ni(L1)PPh3) showed significant activity and the remaining two compounds (H2L2 & Ni(L2)PPh3) showed protective behaviour in DNA damage assay. Antifungal assay exhibited varying degree of activities with MIC value ranging from 50 to 200µg/ml. Additionally, Ni(L2)PPh3 was found to be broad spectrum antibacterial agent by showing antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial strains. Schiff bases and their nickel complexes were found electroactive in positive and negative potential ranges respectively, while having single electron transfer process. The compounds were found highly interactive towards DNA molecules with a binding strength of about 104M−1 thus indicating their biological worth.
Governments these days are demanding better Smart City technologies in order to connect with citizens and understand their demands. For such governments, much needed information exists on social ...media where members belonging to diverse groups share different interests, post statuses, review and comment on various topics. Aspect extraction from this data can provide a thorough understanding of citizens’ behaviors and choices. Also, categorization of these aspects can better summarize societal concerns regarding political, economic, religious and social issues. Aspect category detection (ACD) from people reviews is one of the major tasks of aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA). The success of ABSA is mainly defined by the inexpensive and accurate machine-processable representation of the raw input sentences. Previous approaches rely on cumbersome feature extraction procedures from sentences, which adds its own complexity and inaccuracy in performing ACD tasks. In this paper, we propose an inexpensive and simple method to obtain the most suitable representation of a sentence-vector through different algebraic combinations of a sentence’s word vectors, which will act as an input to any machine learning classifier. We have tested our technique on the restaurant review data provided in SemEval-2015 and SemEval-2016. SemEval is a series of global challenges to evaluate the effectiveness of disambiguation of word sense. Our results showed the highest F1-scores of 76.40% in SemEval-2016 Task 5, and 94.99% in SemEval-2015 Task 12.
Four novel ON donor Schiff bases (E)-2-((4-phenoxyphenylimino)methyl)phenol (HL1), (E)-2-((4-(4-biphenyloxy)phenylimino)methyl)phenol(HL2), (E)-2-((4-(naphthalen-1-yloxy) ...phenylimino)methyl)phenol(HL3)and(E)-2-((4-(2-naphthoxy)phenylimino)methyl)phenol (HL4)have been synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic, analytical and electro-analytical techniques. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of Schiff base (HL3) revealed that phenol and anthracene rings are inclined at 30.25(9)° and 89.64(4)° to the central phenyl ring, respectively. Intra and inter molecular interactions are observed in single crystal analysis of HL3 Intramolecular interactions are hydrogen bonding but most of the intermolecular interactions are of the C–H … π type. There is a bit of π … π stacking between the anthracene groups. Only compounds (HL1) and (HL3) have been investigated for the biological activities due to slight solubility of (HL2) and (HL4) in DMSO. The results of brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay indicated LD50 values <1 μg/ml showing significant antitumor activity with IC50 values 14.20 and 4.54 μg/ml respectively. The compounds were highly active in protecting DNA against hydroxyl free radicals in concentration dependent manner. Voltammetric results indicated that one electron irreversible oxidation product is formed due to hydroxyl moiety and the process is diffusion controlled. On exposing to DNA environment the electrooxidised product developed electrostatic linkage and groove binding intercalation while consuming the DNA concentration substantially. The binding strength was quantitative in terms of drug-DNA binding of the order of 104 M−1.
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•Four novel ON donor Schiff bases were synthesized with yields around 90%.•Exhibited strong OH scavenging activity in concentration dependent manner.•Voltammetry revealed irreversible single electron oxidation with Do ∼ 10−10−10−6 cm2 s−1.•Anticancerous nature, intercalating with DNA having binding constants of 104 M−s1.
Flavonoids are famous for their antioxidant capacity and redox potential. They can combat with cell aging, lipid peroxidation, and cancer. In the present study,
Artemisia annua
hybrid (Hyb8001r) was ...subjected to qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids through HPLC.
Rol
genes transgenics of
A. annua
were also evaluated for an increase in their flavonoid content along with an increase in antioxidant and cytotoxic potential. This was also correlated with the expression level of flavonoids biosynthetic pathway genes as determined by real-time qPCR. Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase genes were found to be significantly more highly expressed in
rol B
(four to sixfold) and
rol C
transgenics (3.8–5.5-fold) than the wild-type plant. Flavonoids detected in the wild-type
A. annua
through HPLC include rutin (0.31 mg/g DW), quercetin (0.01 mg/g DW), isoquercetin (0.107 mg/g DW) and caffeic acid (0.03 mg/g DW). Transgenics of
the rol B gene
showed up to threefold increase in rutin and caffeic acid, sixfold increase in isoquercetin, and fourfold increase in quercetin. Whereas, in the case of transgenics of rol C gene, threefold increase in rutin and quercetin, 5 fold increase in isoquercetin, and 2.6-fold increase in caffeic acid was followed. Total phenolics and flavonoids content was also found to be increased in
rol B
(1.5-fold) and
rol C
(1.4-fold) transgenics as compared to the wild-type plant along with increased free radical scavenging activity. Similarly, the cytotoxic potential of
rol
gene transgenics against MCF7, HeLA, and HePG2 cancer cell lines was found to be significantly enhanced than the wild-type plant of
A. annua
. Current findings support the fact that
rol
genes can alter the secondary metabolism and phytochemical level of the plant. They increased the flavonoids content of
A. annua
by altering the expression level of flavonoids biosynthetic pathway genes. Increased flavonoid content also enhanced the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of the plant.
Battery life is one of the main concerns for today’s mobile users. Due to an imbalance in demand and supply of energy in mobile devices, the burden to make battery last longer upon each charge has ...shifted towards application developers, who, in turn attempt to create energy efficient applications. However, mobile developers lack the tools to detect energy consumption hot-spots in their code. We aim to provide developers with a technique that helps them to precisely locate energy hot-spots at the method-level. In this paper we present MLEE, a novel approach for estimating energy consumption of methods. MLEE uses machine learning models to predict the energy consumption at method-level using software metrics as features. We use the Snapdragon power profiler to measure the energy consumption of applications using the shortest time interval to develop a method-level energy dataset for training machine learning prediction models. We demonstrate that several structural metrics of methods are highly co-related with energy consumption. Thereafter we use these features to predict the energy consumption of methods using linear regression, random forest and decision tree with an average mean-absolute-error of 2.6e−2 J.
•ML technique for estimating method-level energy consumption for mobile applications•MLEE identifies method-level features that highly correlate with energy consumption•MLEE uses code features to generate machine learning models to predict method energy•Regression models sin MLEE can predict energy consumption with a MSE of 2.6e−2 J•MLEE classification models can categorize methods by energy consumption levels•MLEE has an accuracy of 94%
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