Objective To study the effects of Cow＇s milk on the reproduction in male mice. Methods Twenty-four male mice were divided randomly into two groups： milk group （M） and control group （C）. Each mouse ...was given 10 mL milk per day from 4 to 16 weeks in the group M. At the age of 17 weeks, all the mice were sacrificed. Results Serum testosterone was decreased in the group M （P=0.037）. No significant difference was found in weight of testes, seminal vesicle or adrenal gland of mice between the groups C and M. However, the weight of seminal vesicle decreased when expressed in g/100 g body weight in the group M. Epididymal sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and sperm head number were not affected by milk. Conclusion Cow＇s milk has adverse effects on the reproductive system in ICR male mice. Further studies are needed to clarify the specific effects of milk on reproductive health.
Background
CheckMate 9LA, a phase 3, randomized, open-label study in first-line advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), showed significantly improved overall survival (OS) with nivolumab plus ...ipilimumab combined with 2 cycles of chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone (4 cycles). We present results for the Asian subpopulation enrolled in Japan and China.
Methods
Patients aged ≥ 18 years with treatment-naive, histologically confirmed stage IV or recurrent NSCLC, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0–1 and no sensitizing
EGFR/ALK
mutations were randomized 1:1 to nivolumab 360 mg every 3 weeks (Q3W) plus ipilimumab (1 mg/kg Q6W) combined with chemotherapy (Q3W for 2 cycles), or chemotherapy alone (Q3W for 4 cycles). Primary endpoint was OS; secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR).
Results
Twenty-eight patients received nivolumab plus ipilimumab combined with chemotherapy and 30 received chemotherapy. At a minimum follow-up of 12.7 months, median OS was not reached with nivolumab plus ipilimumab combined with chemotherapy versus 13.3 months with chemotherapy hazard ratio (HR) 0.33; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14–0.80. Median PFS was 8.4 versus 5.4 months (HR 0.47; 95% CI 0.24–0.92) and ORR was 57% versus 23%, respectively. Grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events were observed in 57% versus 60% of patients, respectively.
Conclusion
Consistent with results in the all randomized population, nivolumab plus ipilimumab combined with chemotherapy improved efficacy in the Asian subpopulation versus chemotherapy alone and had a manageable safety profile, supporting its use as first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC in Asian patients.
Recently, there has been increasing awareness that bleeding may lead to adverse outcomes. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and bleeding events. This study ...aimed to investigate the association of endothelial dysfunction with major bleeding and specific causes of death in addition to major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
This single-centre retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary-care hospital; patients with acute coronary syndrome were included between June 2010 and November 2014 (median follow-up, 6.1 years). The reactive hyperaemia index was assessed before their discharge; reactive hyperaemia index <1.67 was defined as endothelial dysfunction. The main outcomes were the incidence of major bleeding, all-cause death, cardiovascular death, non-cardiovascular death, resuscitated cardiac arrest, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and hospitalisation for heart failure.
Among the included 674 patients with acute coronary syndrome, 264 (39.2%) had endothelial dysfunction. Multivariable Cox-hazard analyses revealed an independent predictive value of endothelial dysfunction for major bleeding (hazard ratio 2.29, 95% confidence interval 1.17–4.48, P = 0.016) and major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 2.04, 95% confidence interval 1.43–2.89, P < 0.001). The endothelial dysfunction group patients had a 2.5-fold greater risk of cardiovascular death; however, no association was found with non-cardiovascular death.
Endothelial dysfunction assessed using reactive hyperaemia index predicted future major cardiovascular event as well as major bleeding and cardiovascular death in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
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•Endothelial dysfunction (ED) was related to 2.5-fold higher cardiovascular mortality.•ED was associated with not only atherothrombotic but also bleeding events.•ED could be a comprehensive marker of vascular health.
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