Preparation of functional products as well as natural-based products requires non-toxic but effective extraction techniques. In this study, subcritical water extraction was used for the extraction of ...different aronia parts in order to explore their potential. Stems, leaves and berries of Aronia melanocarpa were extracted under the following conditions: temperature 130 °C; pressure 35 bar; time 20 min. The total phenols and flavonoid contents of the produced extracts were evaluated by conventional spectrophotometric methods. Additionally, the main phenolic compounds were also identified and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD). The biological potential of the extracts was evaluated by determining their antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS and lipid peroxidation assays), antimicrobial, enzyme inhibitory (cholinesterase and elastase) and cytotoxic effects (HeLa, A-549, LS-174T, MRC-5 cell lines). The results indicate that leaves and berries extracts exhibited stronger antioxidant action when compared with stems. The strongest cholinesterase and elastase inhibitory activity was also found in berries extract. Similarly, the extracts obtained from leaves and berries showed considerable cytotoxic effects against tested cell lines. A moderate antimicrobial effects was observed too. Demonstrated biological potential of all three aronia parts can trace a new road map for developing newly designed functional products.
•Subcritical water extraction as cutting-edge technology for recovery of bioactives.•Examination of subcritical aronia extracts prepared from berries, leaves and stems.•Chemical and biological characterization of obtained extracts.•Possibility of usage safe and health extracts for food functionalization.•Potential of the extracts in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.
People with intellectual disabilities (ID) make up about 2% of the total population, in addition to the cognitive and social problems which they face, physical abilities are at a very low level, ...during life. At the same time, people with ID show deficits in motor status which is associated with poor perception of information and inability to execute movements and with constant variation of body status indicators. The aim of this detailed review was to summarize previous works that examined the effects that regular physical activity has on motor and physical status in ID. The following index databases were used to collect adequate literature: GoogleScholar, PubMed, SciIndex, ResearchGate, MEDLINE. A systematic review of the available literature was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Preferred Reports for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The training processes of people with ID are adapted to the level of disability. Research that has studied the effects of adequate and regular physical activity highlights the importance of these programs in reducing the consequences and improving the quality of life of this population, improving motor skills and body composition, in the future this knowledge should be combined with the benefits of nutritional programs to see the overall effects on motor skills and body composition in people with ID, so future research examining long-term positive sides is necessary.
The new kinetically-based spectrophotometric method for the determination of microquantities of ampicillin is proposed in the present paper. Ampicillin degradation in strong alkaline medium was ...applied for the method development. The reaction rate was monitored at 265 nm. A differential variation of the tangent method was used to process the kinetic data. The method is valid over the 3.49–55.84 µg/mL ampicillin concentration interval with relative standard deviation (RSD) range 7.79–3.20%. The calculated detection limit was determined at 2.58 µg/mL based on the 3.3S0 criterion. The interference effects of some metal ions, anions, amino acids and other molecules were investigated in order to assess the method selectivity. The method was successfully applied to determining the content of ampicillin in commercial pharmaceutical preparations and human urine. The obtained results were in good correlation with the HPLC method results. The newly developed method is simple, inexpensive and efficient for the analysis of a large number of samples at room temperature in a short time.
Native wild edible greens usually include plants with widespread geographical ranges and represent a long tradition associated with well-documented health effects, especially in the frame of the ...Mediterranean diet. Although consuming local endemic and range-restricted plants as wild edible greens is rare, in some areas of Crete this is a long ethnobotanical tradition. The present study is focused on the phytochemical and nutritional element analyses of the edible parts of the wild-growing green Campanula pelviformis. To date, nine secondary metabolites have been isolated: lobetyolin (1), calaliukiuenoside (2), demethylsyrrigin (3), wahlenoside A (4), chlorogenic acid methyl (5) and butyl ester (6), nicotiflorin (7), rutin (8) and corchoionoside A (9). This first-time research on the phytochemical composition of this local endemic plant of Crete is a basic step in attempts to document its nutritional value, also allowing an exploration of its beneficial properties. The nutritional value of the Mediterranean diet owes much to the inclusion of native edible wild plants, which are abundant in mineral elements and bioactive compounds known to promote human health. Among these plants, the local Cretan endemic species C. pelviformis stands out as a rare and valuable source of wild edibles with traditional dietary significance in eastern Crete. This plant’s rich content of mineral elements and bioactive compounds makes it an intriguing subject for further research into the potential health benefits of wild plant consumption.
•Comparison between conventional and non-conventional technique for Satureja hortensis L. extraction.•Utilization of subcritical water extraction for obtaining plant extracts opulent with bioactive ...components.•Cytotoxic activity of Satureja hortensis L. extracts were confirmed.•Subcritical water extraction extracts exhibited superior antioxidant potential.
Satureja hortensis L. (summer savory) is herb from Lamiaceae plant family known by its usage in folk medicine and cooking. Despite these facts, this plant was not well studied regarding the application of nonconventional extraction techniques and utilization of prepared extracts. Thus, aim of this study was to prepare extract using conventional (maceration and Soxhlet) and non-conventional (ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted and subcritical water) approaches, to establish their chemical profile and biological activity using different assays and methods. Results confirmed the domination of subcritical water approach for isolation of natural compounds, following by microwave-assisted extraction. High performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) analysis confirmed the presence and domination of rosmarinic acid in conventionally prepared extracts, while rutin and quercetin dominated in non-conventionally prepared ones. Antioxidant and cytotoxic assays followed the trends of previous analysis, where the highest activity was exhibited by subcritical extract. Thus, results showed that extracts may be applied in food and pharmaceutical industries for utilization.
The extraction of minerals from garden sage (Salvia officinalis L.) using water as a solvent was studied at different extraction conditions. A full factorial experiment 23 with replication was ...performed. The effects of three extraction factors, liquid/solid ratio (15 and 30 mL/g, solvent volume per g of raw material), extraction temperature (40 and 100 °C) and extraction time (20 and 80 min) such as their interaction were evaluated by the analysis of variance and linear regression model. At the 95% confidence level all three factors were effective on Na, K, Mg, Ca, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni, Cr and Al yields, the most important factor being the extraction time (except for Ca, Cr and Al). All regression models gave a good fit to the experimental data (R2 > 99%). The content of minerals in water extracts were determined using inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: liquid/solid ratio 15 mL/g, extraction temperature 100 °C, and extraction time 80 min. The data obtained were used to establish the thermodynamics of the extraction process. The Gibbs free energy change for the extraction of minerals is negative (except for Fe, Al and Cr), indicating that the process is feasible and spontaneous.
Display omitted
•The extraction of minerals was studied at different extraction conditions.•A full factorial experiment 23 was used to determine the optimum parameters•ICP-OES method was used for determination of minerals from Salvia Officinalis L.•The data obtained was established the thermodynamics of extraction process.
In this study, the effect of various parameters such as solvent concentration (50 and 80%), extraction temperature (30, 40, and 50°C), and solvent/solid ratio (1:20, 1:25, and 1:30 g ml
−1
) on the ...extraction yield of apigenin-glycosides from parsley were investigated. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of parsley extracts confirms the presence of two apigenin-glycosides: apiin and malonyl-apiin. The kinetics of extraction was described using non-stationary diffusion model and Ponomarev's model. Models have a good fit to the experimental data (root mean square: RMS<±1.6%; standard deviation: SD<±1.5%; the coefficient of determination: R
2
> 0.82). The effects of the process factors on the kinetic model parameters, equilibrium constant and Gibbs free energy change were assessed using the full factorial test plan 2
3
.
In this work, the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) was developed and validated for determination of 27 metals in nine pumpkin oils from two production processes (cold ...pressed and roasted). A microwave assisted digestion was applied for the dissolution of the samples. To evaluate plasma robustness and analytical performance, the Mg II 280.270 nm/Mg I 285.213 nm (Mg II/Mg I) line intensity ratio was used. The robust plasma conditions in axial/radial view mode were reached at an RW power of 1150 W and an argon nebulizer flow rate of 0.5 L/min. The method is evaluated by application of the standard addition method and by recovery test. In general, the recoveries for all elements in pumpkin seed oils were between 90% and 110% except, only for Cd, Pb and As they were <90% and >110%. The most abundant element is K followed by, Mg, P, Ca and Na. Pumpkin seed oils were also found to be a good source of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn. The highest levels of analyzed elements were found in pumpkin seed oils producing from the roasted pumpkin seed paste. In all samples, the content of heavy metals was below the recommended tolerable levels proposed by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives and does not a pose a health risk for the consumer. The levels of the metals in pumpkin seed oils were also compared with those reported by the literature. Cluster analysis (CA) of the analytical data confirmed the observed differences between oils from two production processes.
•ICP-OES method for multielement determination in pumpkin seed oils was developed and optimized.•Uncertainty of the calibration slopes and matrix effect data were below 0.05% and 8.5%, respectively.•Lower LOD and LOQ than those reported in literature were obtained.•A comparison of the metal contents with literature data was reported.•Roasted pumpkin seed oils contain higher metal contents than cold-pressed oils.
Aim of study: To investigate the changes in chemical composition of fresh plum fruits cv. ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ prompted by the presence of various strains of plum pox virus (PPV). Area of study: ...Serbia Material and methods: In an experimental orchard of ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ plum cultivar, fruits were picked from virus-free and PPV-infected trees (PPV-D and PPV-Rec strains) in four harvest stages in 2017 and 2018. Fruits were further analyzed on total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity and selected phenolics. Main results: The results indicate that virus infection causes chemical changes to a certain extent, but mostly in initial harvest stages, while the values are equal in later stages. In the last harvest stage, as the most utilizable in commercial purposes, only chlorogenic acid content was affected in 2017, while in 2018 contents of neochlorogenic acid and chrysanthemin were altered by the PPV infection. Total contents of flavonoids and phenolics revealed no influence of virus infection during both 2017 and 2018, while PPV-Rec infected samples were richer in anthocyanins under heavy rainfall during summer months of 2018. Given the number of identified compounds (10) and the vast experimental data, it might be concluded that influence of PPV infection on chemical composition of ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ plum fruits was quite limited. Research highlights: Plum cultivar ‘Čačanska Lepotica’ should be considered as highly tolerant cultivar to PPV, and can be grown in heavily infected environment with no risk. Therefore, it might be a great replacement for sensitive plum cultivars, such as ‘Požegača’ and ‘Čačanska Rodna’.
Peach (Prunus persica L.) is a fruit of high nutritional and economic value. Carbohydrates, dietary fibers, minerals and organic acids are among the major constituents of peach fruit, which ...contribute to the nutritional quality of both fresh fruits and juice. Polyphenolic compounds found in peach may play an important role in physiological functions related to human health. Different polyphenolics may have varied biological activities including antioxidant activity. In this study antioxidant characteristics between peel and pulp of different peach cultivars ('Radmilovcanka', 'June Gold', 'Blake', 'Hale', 'Vesna', 'Adria') and one of nectarine ('Fantasia') were investigated. The peel and pulp extracts showed a huge amount of total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), total hydroxycinnamates (TH) and total flavonols (TFL), ranging from 42.7-211.4, 11.1-128.5 mg GAE/100 g fresh weight (f.w.) (TP), 21.9 -94.9, 5.0-58.9 mg CE/100 g f.w. (TF), 28.4-389.2, 8.5-165.8 mg kg-1 f.w. (TH) and 17.3-54 mg kg-1 f.w. (TFL). High contents of phenolic compounds were significantly correlated with high antioxidant capacities. Peach pulp and peel differ significantly in their phenolic profiles: the pulp contains mainly chlorogenic, neochlorogenic and p-coumaric acids, whereas the peel possesses chlorogenic, neochlorogenic and p-coumaric acids together with several flavonol glycosides in huge amounts. Our results indicate that cultivar and extraction solvent play important roles in phenolic compositions and antioxidant properties of peach and nectarine extracts, which was shown using statistical analysis (ANOVA). There are high correlations between extracted phenolic compounds and peach and nectarine cultivars, and used solvent and part of the fruit (peel and pulp).
PDF
