Introduction: The growing proportion of overweight and obese people worldwide is of great concern as it affects the overall health of people and consequently also their reproductive health. The aim ...of this literature review is to examine how increased body mass index affects fertility and preconception health in men and women. Methods: A scoping literature review was conducted in February 2021 using PubMed and Medline databases, as well as the Google Scholar search engine. Inclusion criteria consisted of scientific literature, regardless of methodology, and articles published in Slovene and English. Results: The literature search yielded 9 reviews and 5 original quantitative studies published in English in the last 15 years. The results suggest that there is compelling evidence that obese individuals are at increased risk of various health problems in the pre-conception period that may affect their fertility and ability to conceive. Discussion and conclusion: The rising prevalence of high body mass index is changing the reproductive health of men and women. Growing obesity rates, particularly in the Western world, call for greater awareness of this metabolic syndrome and its impact on female and male reproduction. Health professionals working with couples in the pre-conception period should have sufficient knowledge to address the impact of high body mass index on reproductive health and promote a healthy lifestyle.
Ever higher rates of infertility among the population add to the importance of promoting fertility awareness. A digital didactic toolkit was therefore developed for use as educational material. The ...cross-sectional observational study aimed to test and evaluate a didactic toolkit on reproductive health in the context of nursing and midwifery students. A convenience sample consisted of 88 nursing and 61 midwifery students, all studying full-time. An evaluation questionnaire was developed based on a literature review. The evaluation included 36 didactic tools within the toolkit, divided into 6 categories: Age and Fertility (n = 3), Understanding Reproduction (n = 2), Lifestyle Factors Affecting Fertility (n = 13), Infection Risks (n = 4), Environmental Hazards (n = 1), and Social Environment Issues (n = 13). MATLAB R2017b and SPSS v.26 were used to organize and analyze the data. A web platform providing information on preconception health received positive feedback and was reported to be 'very good' for 5 statements and 'excellent' for 3 items. The participants identified several groups that could be interested in the didactic toolkit, such as their peers, students, and couples planning a family. The participants already possessed a considerable amount of information about preconception health when they assessed the didactic tools, hence they focused more on its form and design than its content. Social media should be considered as a platform for the ongoing development of the toolkit. To ensure the content is comprehensible, future studies should include participants who are not healthcare professionals.
PROBLEM
Dyspareunia research following childbirth usually includes women who received an episiotomy during childbirth. Few studies have examined dyspareunia after childbirth in women who had no ...episiotomy or perineal trauma.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of dyspareunia in women with perineal trauma related to childbirth to women without perineal trauma related to childbirth. The second aim was to assess risk factors for dyspareunia after childbirth.
METHODS
A quantitative cross-sectional study was designed and data were collected from a questionnaire that were sent via the internet (online). The study was performed in Slovenia. The study design included purposive and snowball sampling. Participants were assured anonymity.
Analysis of data was conducted using SPSS 20.0. Factor analysis determined the validity and Cronbach's coefficient alpha determined the reliability of the questionnaire. The adequacy of a correlation matrix for factorization was assessed with the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test and the Bartlett's test. To determine statistically significant differences, the chi-square (χ2) test was used. Kullback-Leibler divergence was used to measure how one probability distribution was different from the other probability distribution when the χ2 test was not satisfactory.
FINDINGS
There were 387 respondents to the online questionnaire and 22% of the women who received an episiotomy prior to childbirth reported dyspareunia after childbirth; 13.69% reporteddyspareunia when they had no perineal trauma associated with childbirth. Dyspareunia persisted up to 18 months in 11% of participants who had an episiotomy and in 8% of women who experienced no perineal trauma.
DISCUSSION
After an atraumatic childbirth, women can also experience dyspareunia. Pregnant women may benefit when their provider knows the risk factors for dyspareunia and limits episiotomy to those situations when there is a clear indication. Additional research may elucidate risk factors for dyspareunia following an atraumatic delivery.
Prispevek prinaša pregled in analizo obstoječe prakse izobraževanja kot dela priprave na porod na primeru šole za bodoče starše v Sloveniji. Raziskava ugotavlja potrebe po spremembah v ...organizacijskem in vsebinskem smislu. Avtorici najprej predstavita interdisciplinarne vsebine babištva, porodništva in družinske andragogike ter dejavnike, ki vplivajo na učinkovi- tost izobraževanja za bodoče starše glede na značilnosti različnih modelov izobraževanja. Avtorici ugotavljata, da je v slovenskem prostoru vzpostavljena tradicija izobraževalnih programov za pripravo na porod in da se programi le počasi prilagajajo spremembam, ki jih lahko zasledimo v tujini, kjer se vse bolj uveljavljajo modeli, ki poudarjajo individualiziran pristop ter kontinuiteto v obravnavi od priprave na starševstvo, med nosečnostjo, porodom in v poporodnem obdobju. V letu 2010 je bila v Sloveniji prvič izvedena pilotna študija Zdrave ženske – zdrave družine prihodnosti, projekt, v katerem je bilo izobraževanje za bodoče starše izvedeno na interdisciplinaren način s strokovnjaki različnih strok ter usmerjeno v potrebe žensk in njihovih partnerjev na prehodu v starševstvo. Gre za prvi poskus novega načina izobraževanja in obravnave za bodoče starše v slovenskem prostoru, ki pa ga obstoječi zdravstveni sistem (še) ne podpira. Udeleženci so najvišje ocenili organizacijo in izvedbo programa s poudarkom na načinu podajanja snovi oziroma izbiri metode in oblike izobraževanja. Rezultati kažejo, da si udeleženci projekta pri izobraževanju za bodoče starše želijo več poudarka na vsebinah poporodne obravnave, partnerskega odnosa in nasvetov glede dojenja. Posebej izpostavljeni so bili svetovalno delo ter kontinuiteta in individualna obravnava vsakega para.
This study aimed to investigate whether infertility and its treatment affect couple sexuality. A systematic literature review was performed, focusing on female and male sexual dysfunctions due to ...infertility. The method was descriptive, using a meta-synthesis of scientific research published between 2012 and 2017 in the English language. The search for suitable studies was carried out with the research databases Medline, CINAHL, PubMed and ScienceDirect using the following keywords: infertility, sexual dysfunctions, couple. It can be concluded that infertility negatively affects the sexuality of an infertile couple, which is further proven by a high percentage of sexual dysfunctions (43%-90% among women and 48%-58% among men). Couples report less satisfaction with sexuality. Since lower satisfaction and dysfunctions are closely connected with infertility and its treatment, couples might benefit from sexual therapy and support during the process of infertility treatment. Further research should focus on the evaluation of different psychological interventions that would address sexuality in couples when diagnosed and treated for infertility.
Introduction: With couples' increasing postponement of pregnancy to later in life and the associated rising infertility rates, healthcare professionals need to be proactive in counselling on the ...risk factors affecting reproduction. To do so, they need specific counselling skills and evidence-based information. The aim of this study was to assess and compare participants' knowledge of fertility issues before and after an educational intervention on preconception health care.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, using the same questionnaire to assess the pre- and post-intervention status. The questionnaire was developed on the basis of a literature review on infertility risk factors. The survey was conducted in a conference setting. Participation in the survey was voluntary and confidentiality was assured to all participants (midwives, nurses and healthcare students). The differences in participants' pre- and post-intervention knowledge were calculated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.Results: The results of our study show an improvement in participants' overall knowledge on infertility risk factors. These improvements were statistically significant in the sections of 'Age and Fertility' and 'Environmental Hazards', while in the sections 'Pre-existing Medical Conditions' and 'Lifestyle Factors Affecting Fertility', participants already possessed comprehensive knowledge prior to the educational intervention.Discussion and conclusion: Health professionals can improve their knowledge on preconception health through continuous education. Further studies need to test the long-term effects of different educational approaches.
Introduction: With couples' increasing postponement of pregnancy to later in life and the associated rising infertility rates, healthcare professionals need to be proactive in counselling on the ...risk factors affecting reproduction. To do so, they need specific counselling skills and evidence-based information. The aim of this study was to assess and compare participants' knowledge of fertility issues before and after an educational intervention on preconception health care. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted, using the same questionnaire to assess the pre- and post-intervention status. The questionnaire was developed on the basis of a literature review on infertility risk factors. The survey was conducted in a conference setting. Participation in the survey was voluntary and confidentiality was assured to all participants (midwives, nurses and healthcare students). The differences in participants' pre- and post-intervention knowledge were calculated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The results of our study show an improvement in participants' overall knowledge on infertility risk factors. These improvements were statistically significant in the sections of 'Age and Fertility' and 'Environmental Hazards', while in the sections 'Pre-existing Medical Conditions' and 'Lifestyle Factors Affecting Fertility', participants already possessed comprehensive knowledge prior to the educational intervention. Discussion and conclusion: Health professionals can improve their knowledge on preconception health through continuous education. Further studies need to test the long-term effects of different educational approaches.
Uvod: Posteljica je začasen organ, a ključen za preživetje, rast in razvoj ploda. Porodi se med tretjo porodno dobo. Namen raziskave je bil pridobiti informacije o načinih vodenja tretje porodne dobe ...v slovenskih porodnišnicah ter o kompetencah babic pri rokovanju s posteljico.
Metode: Raziskava je bila kvantitativno-deskriptivna, uporabljen instrument je bil strukturirani vprašalnik, tehnika zbiranja podatkov je bilo pisno anketiranje. Vzorec je bil namenski; vprašalnik je bil poslan v izpolnjevanje vodjem porodnih sob vseh štirinajstih porodnišnic v Sloveniji. Podatki so se zbirali od maja do junija 2012, obdelani so bili s programom SPSS 17.
Rezultati: Odziv je bil 86%. Dve tretjini respondentov (67 %) navajata, da tretjo porodno dobo najpogosteje vodijo aktivno. Navadno posteljico porodi babica (83 %), vendar pri pregledu le-te ni samostojna, saj jo vedno preveri tudi zdravnik (83 %). Večina babic (86 %) ima strokovno samozavest (občutek znanja in volje), da bi pregled posteljice lahko opravile samostojno.
Diskusija in zaključek: Za končen izid poroda je odgovoren zdravnik; zato v večini primerov babice niso popolnoma samostojne, čeprav spremljanje fiziološkega poroda spada pod kompetence babice in so le-te za to strokovno usposobljene.
Bolonjska reforma je v slovensko visoko šolstvo prinesla številne spremembe, ki pri vseh študijskih programih niso povsem enoznačne in enosmerne. Študijski program babištva se v Sloveniji izvaja ...izključno na prvi stopnji, podiplomskega študija za zdaj ni. V raziskavi, ki je temeljila na empiričnem anketnem raziskovalnem pristopu in je bila zasnovana na kvantitativni raziskovalni paradigmi, nas je zanimal interes babic s srednjo izobrazbo za vpis v zdajšnji visokošolski strokovni študijski program babištva prve stopnje ter interes diplomantov in študentov za vpis na morebitni podiplomski magistrski študijski program babištva. Rezultati so pokazali, da je interes anketirancev veliko večji za vpis na podiplomski magistrski študijski program babištva, medtem ko je zanimanje za zdajšnji dodiplomski študijski program babištva nekoliko manjše. Smiselno bi bilo omogočiti nadgraditev kariernih poti diplomantov babištva z možnostjo podiplomskega študija. Ta težnja je upravičena tudi zaradi zahtevnosti babiške dejavnosti in jo potrjujejo tuje usmeritve.
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