Namakanui is an instrument containing three inserts in an ALMA type Dewar. The three inserts are Alaihi, Uu and Aweoweo operating around 86, 230 and 345GHz. The receiver is being commissioned on the ...JCMT. It will be used for both Single dish and VLBI observations. We will present commissioning results and the system.
We have developed the Smoothed Bandpass Calibration (SBC) method and the best suitable scan pattern to optimize radio spectroscopic observations. Adequate spectral smoothing is applied to the ...spectrum toward OFF-source blank sky adjacent to a target source direction for the purpose of bandpass correction. Because the smoothing process reduces noise, the integration time for OFF-source scans can be reduced keeping the signal-to-noise ratio. Since the smoothing is not applied to ON-source scans, the spectral resolution for line features is kept. An optimal smoothing window is determined by bandpass flatness evaluated by Spectral Allan Variance (SAV). An efficient scan pattern is designed to the OFF-source scans within the bandpass stability timescale estimated by Time-based Allan Variance (TAV). We have tested the SBC using the digital spectrometer, VESPA, on the VERA Iriki station. For the targeted noise level of 5e-4 as a ratio to the system noise, the optimal smoothing window was 32 - 60 ch in the whole bandwidth of 1024 ch, and the optimal scan pattern was designed as a sequence of 70-s ON + 10-s OFF scan pairs. The noise level with the SBC was reduced by a factor of 1.74 compared with the conventional method. The total telescope time to achieve the goal with the SBC was 400 s, which was 1/3 of 1200 s required by the conventional way. Improvement in telescope time efficiency with the SBC was calculated as 3x, 2x and 1.3x for single-beam, dual-beam, and on-the-fly (OTF) scans, respectively. The SBC works to optimize scan patterns for observations from now, and also works to improve signal-to-noise ratios of archival data if ON- and OFF-source spectra are individually recorded, though the efficiency depends on the spectral stability of the receiving system.
This paper examined the conceptual framework and measurement of adult mother-daughter relationships in Japan incorporating the intergenerational solidarity theory (McChesney & Bengtson, 1988) . Both ...the conceptual fromework and measurement scale were adapted to the unique characteristics of adult mother daughter relationships in the Japanese socio-cultural context. A survey was administered by mail to a random sample of 800 women (aged 30 and older) . Results revealed different characteristics for adult mother-daughter relationships in Japan when compared with those in the United States. For example, affection was composed of the 3 factors of closeness, equality, and conflict, instead of only one factor as in the United States. Patterns of exchange differed deponding on the type of resource, in contrast with one consistent pattern of exchange for all types of resources in the United States. It was also found that the 'le' norm prescribed one-way support from daughter to mother. Issues concerning the cultural adaptation of the measurement of adult mother-daughter relationships are discussed and possible directions of future research are suggested.
We have developed a software-based polarization spectrometer, PolariS, to acquire full-Stokes spectra with a very high spectral resolution of 61 Hz. The primary aim of PolariS is to measure the ...magnetic fields in dense star-forming cores by detecting the Zeeman splitting of molecular emission lines. The spectrometer consists of a commercially available digital sampler and a Linux computer. The computer is equipped with a graphics processing unit (GPU) to process FFT and cross-correlation using the CUDA (Compute Unified Device Architecture) library developed by NVIDIA. Thanks to a high degree of precision in quantization of the analog-to-digital converter and arithmetic in the GPU, PolariS offers excellent performances in linearity, dynamic range, sensitivity, bandpass flatness and stability. The software has been released under the MIT License and is available to the public. In this paper, we report the design of PolariS and its performance verified through engineering tests and commissioning observations.
The Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) is the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope's continuum imager, operating simultaneously at 450 and 850~\(\mu\)m. SCUBA-2 was commissioned in ...2009--2011 and since that time, regular observations of point-like standard sources have been performed whenever the instrument is in use. Expanding the calibrator observation sample by an order of magnitude compared to previous work, in this paper we derive updated opacity relations at each wavelength for a new atmospheric-extinction correction, analyze the Flux-Conversion Factors (FCFs) used to convert instrumental units to physical flux units as a function of date and observation time, present information on the beam profiles for each wavelength, and update secondary-calibrator source fluxes. Between 07:00 and 17:00 UTC, the portion of the night that is most stable to temperature gradients that cause dish deformation, the total-flux uncertainty and the peak-flux uncertainty measured at 450~\(\mu\)m are found to be 14\% and 17\%, respectively. Measured at 850~\(\mu\)m, the total-flux and peak-flux uncertainties are 6\%, and 7\%, respectively. The analysis presented in this work is applicable to all SCUBA-2 projects observed since 2011.
The changing face of aging Cambell, John; Campbell, Ruth; Liang, Jersey ...
Social science Japan : newsletter of the Information Center for Japanese Social Studies, Institute of Social Science, University of Tokyo,
11/2003, Letnik:
27
Journal Article
A trypsin inhibitor was isolated from beans of Phaseolus vulgaris, cultivar. Kintoki, and the specific activity increased 200 times as high as that of the crude extract. It was homogeneous on several ...electrophoreses and the molecular weight was about 13, 000. The amino acid composition was characterized by high ratios of cystine, aspartic acid, and serine. It inhibited trypsin in a molar ratio of 1:1 and achymotrypsin in a molar ratio of 2:1. It, however, inhibited neither pepsin nor pronase. It was relatively stable to heat treatment in the acidic medium, but not in the alkaline medium. Neither pepsin nor pronase destroyed the inhibitory function.
We developed a dual-linear-polarization HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) amplifier receiver system of the 45-GHz band (hereafter Z45), and installed it in the Nobeyama 45-m radio telescope. ...The receiver system is designed to conduct polarization observations by taking the cross correlation of two linearly-polarized components, from which we process full-Stokes spectroscopy. We aim to measure the magnetic field strength through the Zeeman effect of the emission line of CCS (\(J_N=4_3-3_2\)) toward pre-protostellar cores. A linear-polarization receiver system has a smaller contribution of instrumental polarization components to the Stokes \(V\) spectra than that of the circular polarization system, so that it is easier to obtain the Stokes \(V\) spectra. The receiver has an RF frequency of 42 \(-\) 46 GHz and an intermediate frequency (IF) band of 4\(-\)8 GHz. The typical noise temperature is about 50 K, and the system noise temperature ranges from 100 K to 150K over the frequency of 42 \(-\) 46 GHz. The receiver system is connected to two spectrometers, SAM45 and PolariS. SAM45 is a highly flexible FX-type digital spectrometer with a finest frequency resolution of 3.81 kHz. PolariS is a newly-developed digital spectrometer with a finest frequency resolution of 60 Hz, having a capability to process the full-Stokes spectroscopy. The Half Power Beam Width (HPBW) of the beam was measured to be 37\("\) at 43 GHz. The main beam efficiency of the Gaussian main beam was derived to be 0.72 at 43 GHz. The SiO maser observations show that the beam pattern is reasonably round at about 10 \% of the peak intensity and the side-lobe level was less than 3 \% of the peak intensity. Finally, we present some examples of astronomical observations using Z45.
The Serpens South infrared dark cloud consists of several filamentary ridges, some of which fragment into dense clumps. On the basis of CCS (\(J_N=4_3-3_2\)), HC\(_3\)N (\(J=5-4\)), N\(_2\)H\(^+\) ...(\(J=1-0\)), and SiO (\(J=2-1, v=0\)) observations, we investigated the kinematics and chemical evolution of these filamentary ridges. We find that CCS is extremely abundant along the main filament in the protocluster clump. We emphasize that Serpens South is the first cluster-forming region where extremely-strong CCS emission is detected. The CCS-to-N\(_2\)H\(^+\) abundance ratio is estimated to be about 0.5 toward the protocluster clump, whereas it is about 3 in the other parts of the main filament. We identify six dense ridges with different \(V_{\rm LSR}\). These ridges appear to converge toward the protocluster clump, suggesting that the collisions of these ridges may have triggered cluster formation. The collisions presumably happened within a few \(\times \ 10^5\) yr because CCS is abundant only in such a short time. The short lifetime agrees with the fact that the number fraction of Class I objects, whose typical lifetime is \(0.4 \times \ 10^5\) yr, is extremely high as about 70 percent in the protocluster clump. In the northern part, two ridges appear to have partially collided, forming a V-shape clump. In addition, we detected strong bipolar SiO emission that is due to the molecular outflow blowing out of the protostellar clump, as well as extended weak SiO emission that may originate from the filament collisions.
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