Split 2 is a significant part of urban and architectural heritage in Split and Croatia. This arises from the scope and reach of the rational urban planning and use of space, inventive architectural ...design focused on construction technologies, operations and materials which were mainly organized in concentric construction sites of housing developments and areas which predominantly featured standardized residential buildings and residential high-rises in the period from 1957 to 1968.
This paper aims to show the city planning policy for transformation of brownfield areas into housing developments. Research results of three selected case studies have shown that the brownfield area ...transformation into housing developments contributes to the quality of life in the area and the integration of that area into the surrounding space, and thus also to the aspects of sustainable development at the local level. New housing developments contribute to the better networking of space and dynamic mobility. Design and construction of new housing areas based on a programmes put in place, such as the Croatian Social Housing Construction Scheme allow rapid and integral implementation of large-scale interventions and provide socially integrated housing and high-quality living conditions. Areas that were once monofunctional, enclosed and inaccessible have become multifunctional, open and accessible thus representing a generator of development in the wider context. A transformation based on an effective city planning policy, comprehensive urban planning and design contributes to sustainable development at the local level, thus fulfilling Aalborg Commitments.
U radu se prezentiraju i propituju tehnološke, kulturološke, sociološke, filozofske i psihološke značajke ljudskog staništa kroz analizu gradova kao ključnih protagonista narativa ...znanstvenofantastičnih filmova. Gradovi se u tom žanru mogu podijeliti po svojim dominantnim obilježjima na metropolise, degenerativne gradove, regresivne gradove, gradove-strojeve i virtualni prostor. Znanstvenofantastièni filmovi vrijedan su izvor razumijevanja, kritike i inspiracije suvremenoga društva i grada.
This paper explores the technological, cultural, sociological, philosophical and psychological features of a human habitat through an analysis of cities as key science fiction movie protagonists. Cities in this genre fall into several categories depending on their predominant characteristics: the metropolis, degenerative city, regressive city, city-machine and virtual space. Sci-fi movies are a valuable source of understanding, criticism and inspiration for contemporary society and the city.
This paper explores the technological, cultural, sociological, philosophical and psychological features of a human habitat through an analysis of cities as key science fiction movie protagonists. ...Cities in this genre fall into several categories depending on their predominant characteristics: the metropolis, degenerative city, regressive city, city-machine and virtual space. Sci-fi movies are a valuable source of understanding, criticism and inspiration for contemporary society and the city. MOVIE CITY VISIONS OF CITIES SCIENCE FICTION SCIENCE FICTION MOVIES U radu se prezentiraju i propituju tehnoloske, kulturoloske, socioloske, filozofske i psiholoske znaeajke ljudskog stanista kroz analizu gradova kao kljuenih protagonista narativa znanstvenofantastienih filmova. Gradovi se u tom zanru mogu podijeliti po svojim dominantnim obiljezjima na metropolise, degenerativne gradove, regresivne gradove, gradove-strojeve i virtualni prostor. Znanstvenofantastieni filmovi vrijedan su izvor razumijevanja, kritike i inspiracije suvremenoga drustva i grada. FILM GRAD VIZIJE GRADOVA ZNANSTVENA FANTASTIKA ZNANSTVENOFANTASTICNI FILMOVI
Research results of three selected case studies have shown that the brownfield area transformation into housing developments contributes to the quality of life in the area and the integration of that ...area into the surrounding space, and thus also to the aspects of sustainable development at the local level. KEY WORDS Zagreb, City planning policy, Brownfields, Housing Development, Croatian Social Housing Construction Scheme, Sustainable Development 1INTRODUCTION City development, gradual expansion and the transformation of its urban structure over the centuries has resulted in the dynamics of space and the dynamics of life, which have become the most prominent features of contemporaneity. The overall city area are characterized by complex dynamics of (a) physical and non-physical space, which could be considered on different levels through mobility dynamics, (b) structural and functional changes, (c) space use, (d) social interaction, (e) environmental networks and flows and (f) virtual mobility - information and the (g) financial investments (Gašparović, Petrović Krajnik and Hladki, 2015). According to Ferber and Grimski (2002), brownfields are sites that have been affected by the former uses of the area and surrounding land; are derelict or underused; may have real or perceived contamination problems; are located mainly in developed urban areas; and require intervention to bring them back to beneficial use. Three main categories of brownfield sites were identified (Ferber and Grimski, 2001): (1) brownfields in traditional industrial areas - as a result of the massive employment decline in the coal, steel, and textile industries at the beginning of the 1980s...
Program društveno poticane stanogradnje započeo je krajem 2001. godine i u njemu je tijekom desetogodišnje provedbe izgrađeno 5553 stana u stambenim zgradama diljem Hrvatske te u jednom sklopu ...prizemnih i katnih stambenih nizova. U Programu su planirana tri, a izgrađena dva nova stambena naselja. Program je potaknuo stanogradnju i rezultirao nizom kvalitetnih i inovativnih realizacija stambenih zgrada u funkcionalnom i oblikovnom smislu.
Programi stanogradnje u Republici Hrvatskoj od 1991. do 2016. godine bitan su čimbenik i pokazatelj socijalnog razvoja i gospodarskog napretka društva i zato ih treba društveno poticati, regulirati i ...kontrolirati jer su dostupnost stana i osiguranje osnovnog standarda i kvalitete stanovanja temeljne ljudske potrebe i prava. Od devet programa stanogradnje najpoznatiji je i najuspješniji Program društveno poticane stanogradnje (POS), dva su programa usmjerena na određeni dio građana, a jedan je lokalno usmjeren.
Housing construction programs in Croatia between 1991 and 2016 have been a major component and indicator of social and economic development. Therefore they should be supported, regulated and controlled since the right to adequate housing in terms of availability, standard and quality is viewed as one of the fundamental human needs and rights. Among nine housing construction programs, POS is widely known and the most successful one; two programs are tailored for a particular population segment while one is designed for local purposes.
Housing construction programs in Croatia between 1991 and 2016 have been a major component and indicator of social and economic development. Therefore they should be supported, regulated and ...controlled since the right to adequate housing in terms of availability, standard and quality is viewed as one of the fundamental human needs and rights. Among nine housing construction programs, POS is widely known and the most successful one; two programs are tailored for a particular population segment while one is designed for local purposes. CROATIA POS (STATE-SUBSIDIZED HOUSING CONSTRUCTION) SUBSIDIZED HOUSING CONSTRUCTION HOUSING CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMS HOUSING Programi stanogradnje u Republici Hrvatskoj od 1991. do 2016. godine bitan su eimbenik i pokazatelj socijalnog razvoja i gospodarskog napretka drustva i zato ih treba drustveno poticati, regulirati i kontrolirati jer su dostupnost stana i osiguranje osnovnog standarda i kvalitete stanovanja temeljne ljudske potrebe i prava. Od devet programa stanogradnje najpoznatiji je i najuspjesniji Program drustveno poticane stanogradnje (POS), dva su programa usmjerena na odredeni dio gradana, a jedan je lokalno usmjeren. HRVATSKA POS POTICANA STANOGRADNJA PROGRAMI STANOGRADNJE STANOVANJE
After it gained independence in 1991, the Republic of Croatia went through the Homeland War which caused not only the destruction of approximately 590 estates or 160 000 housing units but also the ...slowing down of economic activities, the slow postwar economic recovery and a smaller number of residential building projects. A chronic shortage of residences in big cities before the war was only aggravated by the migration of people from the war areas. The first organized housing scheme in the post-war period was the Homeland War Victims Housing Scheme launched in 1996 with the goal of providing housing for a growing number of people. The rest of the citizens were not included in the scheme and were left to the free housing market where the property demands and prices of housing units were on the rise. In the late 1990s, the Croatian government initiated the formation of the Social Housing Construction Scheme. It was supported by the Faculty of Architecture, University of Zagreb with the goal of meeting housing requirements, improving the housing quality for a great number of people, and advancing architectural practice. The implementation of the scheme commenced in late 2001, and the main characteristics were its largescale and multi-level application. The experiences gained in the implementation of the Homeland War Victims Housing Scheme were used for this new government-backed project. Certain corrections made in the scheme included the sections related to the prescribed organisation parameters, housing standards and implementation conditions and possibilities. Efforts were also made in the area of construction in that the required number of housing units were to be built all over the country in a relatively short period of time and with an additional task of protecting the space from unplanned building. The Ministry of Construction and the Agency for Mediation and Transactions of Specific Real Estate Property were in charge of the implementation of the scheme. Additional provisions were made for the establishment of non-profit organisations on the local level which was an opportunity seized by the cities of Varazdin, Rijeka, Koprivnica and Dubrovnik. The obligation of the local government was to ensure a lot and public utilities, while the national government was to take care of the construction in the amount of 25% of the standard construction costs, from design, building, and supervision to value added tax. The costs of land development and public utilities were not included in the standard costs and could amount to maximum 40% of the standard cost of the apartment's usable surface area. The prescribed maximum price for apartments was 1.125,66 €/m.sup.2 of its usable surface area. From 2004 the public funding was to stimulate construction and reconstruction of apartment buildings and family houses which provide private people new housing according to the prescribed standard by covering 25% of the standard building cost. The scheme also includes the defined needs and project programme, and the Regulations on the Minimum Technical Requirements for Design and Construction of Apartments in the Social Housing Construction Scheme. The regulations are the only valid document which prescribed and structured all the elements of the apartments. That is why its application became habitual in housing projects even outside the framework of this scheme. Review of the project documentation was conducted by professional architectural reviewers from the Faculty of Architecture in Zagreb. A significant number of housing units was build during the first year of the scheme's implementation, whereas the building activities in later periods somewhat subsided. The period 2011-2011 saw the construction of 5533 housing units in 173 solely residential and residential and commercial buildings, and in one complex of single-storey and twostorey row houses in Durdevac. The architectural design competitions held in the beginning of the scheme's implementation for residential buildings and estates enabled both prominent and young, unknown architects to see the execution of their designs. The competitions held as part of the scheme resulted in the construction of the Spansko --Oranice and Novi Jelkovec estates in Zagreb and a large number of individual buildings. After 2004, architectural design competitions were abandoned in favour of public procurement. The only exception was the competition for the Sopnica jug estate in Zagreb whose design has never been executed. The residential buildings within the Social Housing Construction Scheme were all constructed according to the Regulations, which resulted with a wide range of buildings of exceptional quality. Among numerous realized projects envisaged by the scheme there are several of those which stand out by their successful integration in the surrounding space in terms of architectural treatment of forms and facades (residential buildings Krapina, Krapinske Toplice, Delnice); those which are creatively designed (buildings in Dakovo, S4 in Zagreb's Spansko estate and in Vrgorac), and those which feature skilfully organized communal spaces and housing units (buildings in Krapina, B1 in Zadar and Rovinj). With their number and quality, the residential buildings within the scheme most certainly left a mark on Croatian architecture in the early 21st century, which is attested by a number of Croatian and international awards and commendations given to their architects for the buildings in Dakovo, Krapinske Toplice, Cres, Rovinj, Sambor, Delnice and Vrgorac. The research results suggest the necessity of the following activities: holding architectural and urban design competitions for residential buildings whose construction is publicly financed, recommending adequate types of housing, revising certain sections of the Regulations and establishing the ratio between the value of construction and the value of lots in relation to one m.sup.2 of the newly built apartments in big cities. The Social Housing Construction Scheme provided a successful model which has gone through numerous corrections in relation to laws and the relationship of the location communities, and the possibilities of potential users of such a form of housing. With careful attention of people's real needs and with certain revisions, the scheme achieved its goal and provided better and more accessible housing to Croatian citizens.
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