Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials with long persistent luminescence (LPL) have raised particular attention among researchers for their potential uses in chemical sensing, optical ...recording devices, biological imaging, and security systems applications, due to the long‐lived triplet states. In this study, one‐pot method of reaction of appropriate ratio of crown ether ligand (15‐Crown‐5) and metallic salts (CdX2) is utilized to yield three metal halide‐based complexes (namely 15‐5‐CdCl2, 15‐5‐CdBr2, and 15‐5‐CdI2). In solid state, three complexes exhibit nearly standard white light emission with CIE coordinates of (0.28, 0.32), (0.31, 0.39), (0.30, 0.34) at room temperature under UV radiation of 340 nm. Meanwhile, they display the excitation‐dependent room temperature phosphorescence from blue/cyan to green/yellow, especially, 15‐5‐CdCl2 and 15‐5‐CdBr2 exhibit color‐tunable and visible LPL with time‐resolved luminescence lifetime as high as 1–2 s. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the bright LPL of 15‐5‐CdCl2 and 15‐5‐CdBr2 arise from the crown ether ligand and aggregation state induced by halogen‐bond. The thus obtained LPL provides potentials in lighting and displaying devices, optical recording devices, security systems and so on.
A macrocyclic molecule 15‐crown‐5 with CdX2 was hydrothermally constructed into metal‐organic linker, which was built into 2D metal‐organic frameworks with metal halide chains that play an external heavy atom effect to achieve long persistent luminescence at room temperature. Near white light emission is achieved in a single component, moreover adjustable phosphorescence is realized with longest visual time of 1‐2 s at ambient conditions.
The design of white‐light phosphors is attractive in solid‐state lighting (SSL) and related fields. A new strategy in obtaining white light emission (WLE) from dual‐way photon energy conversion in a ...series of dye@MOF (LIFM‐WZ‐6) systems is presented. Besides the traditional UV‐excited one‐photon absorption (OPA) pathway, white‐light modulation can also be gained from the combination of NIR‐excited green and red emissions of MOF backbone and encapsulated dyes via two‐photon absorption (TPA) pathway. As a result, down‐conversion OPA white light was obtained for RhB+@LIFM‐WZ‐6 (0.1 wt %), BR‐2+@LIFM‐WZ‐6 (2 wt %), and APFG+@LIFM‐WZ‐6 (0.1 wt %) samples under 365 nm excitation. RhB+@LIFM‐WZ‐6 (0.05 wt %), BR‐2+@LIFM‐WZ‐6 (1 wt %) and APFG+@LIFM‐WZ‐6 (0.05 wt %) exhibit up‐conversion TPA white light under the excitation of 800, 790, and 730 nm, respectively. This new WLE generation strategy combines different photon energy conversion mechanisms together.
White‐light emission (WLE) was obtained in dye@MOFs. Besides the traditional UV‐excited one‐photon absorption (OPA) pathway, modulation can also be gained from the combination of NIR‐excited green and red emissions of the MOF backbone and encapsulated dyes via a two‐photon absorption (TPA) pathway.
In patients with severe cancer pain, systemic analgesics are often refractory or have limited application due to the side effects of opioids. In these cases, epidural analgesia may be effective. ...However, data on the effects of epidural patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) on cancer pain are limited.
To evaluate the analgesic efficacy of epidural PCA in patients with cancer pain through a retrospective chart review.
Retrospective analysis.
A single academic center in Daegu, South Korea.
The analgesic efficacy of epidural PCA on cancer pain was analyzed in patients who underwent epidural PCA using a disposable balloon pump with a flow regulator between 2012 and 2021. The pump was filled with a 600-mL mixture of 6 ampoules of 0.2% ropivacaine, 1 mg fentanyl, and normal saline. For the first use of epidural PCA, the basal rate, bolus dose, and lockout time were set as 4 mL/h, 2 mL, and 15 min, respectively. The basal rate was increased and decreased depending on the degree of pain relief effect and occurrence of side effects, respectively. To increase the usage time of epidural PCA and reduce the patient's cost burden, the fentanyl dose was increased by 1 mg when the disposable balloon pump was replaced with a new one after exhaustion of the drug if no side effects from the previous dose were observed. Analgesic efficacy was confirmed by comparing the number of types and the total amount of opioids used in patients before and after epidural PCA application in terms of the equivalent dose of oral morphine.
Epidural catheterization was performed 105 times, and PCA was refilled 257 times in 88 patients. On average, epidural catheterization was performed 1.2 ± 0.4 (1-3) times, and epidural PCA was refilled 3.2 ± 2.3 (1-11) times per patient. The mean duration of PCA use was 15.6 ± 13.4 (1-82) days. The mean number of opioid types used the day before the procedure and the mean smallest number of opioids used per day up to 5 days after the procedure were 3.4 ± 1.2 and 2.4 ± 1.4, respectively (P < 0.05). The total amount of opioids used the day before the procedure and the smallest total amount of opioids used per day up to 5 days after the procedure were converted into oral morphine equivalent doses, respectively, and the mean doses were 449.5 ± 555.9 and 331.9 ± 462.8 mg, respectively (P < 0.05).
The study results are the author's observations from a single center. Epidural PCA was performed only on hospitalized patients. Individual differences were not considered in the composition of drugs for PCA. Transmucosal immediate-release fentanyl was not accurately converted to oral morphine; thus, it was excluded from the analysis of the total amount used, and the effect of adjuvant analgesics could not be considered.
Epidural PCA using subcutaneous tunneling is a useful cancer pain control method. Furthermore, it can be safely used for a longer duration owing to its low infection risk.
Materials with tunable long persistent luminescence (LPL) properties have wide applications in security signs, anti‐counterfeiting, data encrypting, and other fields. However, the majority of ...reported tunable LPL materials are pure organic molecules or polymers. Herein, a series of metal‐organic coordination polymers displaying color‐tunable LPL were synthesized by the self‐assembly of HTzPTpy ligand with different cadmium halides (X=Cl, Br, and I). In the solid state, their LPL emission colors can be tuned by the time‐evolution, as well as excitation and temperature variation, realizing multi‐mode dynamic color tuning from green to yellow or green to red, and are the first such examples in single‐component coordination polymer materials. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the modification of LPL is due to the balanced action from single molecule and aggregate triplet excited states caused by an external heavy‐atom effect. The results show that the rational introduction of different halide anions into coordination polymers can realize multi‐color LPL.
By delicate design of coordination polymers incorporating different halogens, multi‐mode color‐tunable long persistent luminescence (LPL) from green to yellow or green to red was possible. The LPL emission colors can be tuned by time, excitation, and temperature, revealing the counter‐balanced mechanisms from single‐molecule and aggregate triplet excited states resulting from an external heavy‐atom effect.
Thyroidectomy is performed under general anesthesia using inhaled anesthetics such as sevoflurane or desflurane in many cases. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the incidence of ...postoperative pain and discomfort after thyroidectomy differed with the type of inhaled anesthetic.
Eighty-one female patients who underwent thyroidectomy were randomly assigned to the Sevo group (n = 42) or the Des group (n = 39). On the day of surgery and on the first, third, and seventh days after surgery, one registered nurse in charge of the entire questionnaire survey conducted the questionnaire assessment through face-to-face interviews or phone calls with the patients. The questionnaire evaluated the severity scores for seven items (sore throat, wound pain, nausea and vomiting, dizziness, occipital headache, posterior neck pain, and shoulder pain) regarding postoperative pain and discomfort experienced by patients and assessed which of these seven items caused the greatest discomfort to the patient on each day.
Except for the severity score for dizziness on the day of surgery, the severity scores of postoperative pain and discomfort experienced by patients on the day of surgery and on the first, third, and seventh days after surgery showed no statistically significant differences between the two groups. In addition, on the day of surgery and on the first, third, and seventh days after surgery, patients reported that sore throat caused the greatest discomfort.
In patients undergoing thyroidectomy under general anesthesia using sevoflurane or desflurane, except for dizziness on the day of surgery, no other manifestation of postoperative pain and discomfort was influenced by the type of inhaled anesthetic. Moreover, after thyroidectomy, postoperative sore throat caused the greatest discomfort to patients from the day of surgery to the seventh day after surgery.
Materials taking abundant advantage of triplet states luminescence have risen lots of attention in decades. In this work, a Cu(I) metal‐organic framework (MOF) with synchronous metal‐to‐ligand charge ...transfer (MLCT) state and triplet emission of the ligand is synthesized from a D–π–A–π–D ligand with suitable energy gap. The Cu(I) MOF possessed MLCT emission in the range of 450–505 nm with microsecond lifetimes (1.07 to 5.38 µs) and a triplet state emission in near infrared (NIR) region ≈705 nm with lifetimes of 1.85 ms at 300 K and 25.16 ms at 77 K, much longer than those of reported Cu(I) MOFs. Moreover, a white light is obtained through adjusting the relative intensity of dual peaks. More importantly, NIR long persistent luminescence of Cu‐MOF is observed by naked eyes under cryogenic condition. Multiple factors such as the delicate design of the D–π–A–π–D structure of ligand, the enhanced spin‐orbital coupling by Cu(I) networks, and the tight packing mode of the framework promote the generation of MLCT emission and ultralong NIR room temperature phosphorescence. The combination of calculation and experiment to analyse the luminescence mechanism of Cu(I) MOFs provides ideas for the development of Cu(I)‐based intelligently responsive materials with RTP properties.
The D–π–A–π–D structure of Tz‐Nap ligand with appropriate ΔEST is cleverly designed, which further self‐assembly with copper(I) to enhance spin‐orbital coupling. The tight packing mode of the framework promoted the generation of metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer emission and ultralong near infrared (NIR) room temperature phosphorescence. This is the first time that considerable NIR long persistent luminescence has been achieved in copper(I) metal‐organic frameworks at low temperature.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a very important chemical from the commercial perspective. Many useful products are made from it, so its production is increasing day by day. It is widely known that Bisphenol A ...(BPA) and its analogs are present in the environment and that they enter our body through various routes on a daily basis as we use things made of this chemical in our daily lives. BPA has already been reported to be an endocrine disruptor. Studies have shown that BPA binds strongly to the human estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRγ) and is an important target of it. This study seeks to understand how it interacts with ERRγ. Molecular docking of BPA and its analogs with ERRγ was performed, and estradiol was taken as a reference. Then, physico-chemical and toxicological analysis of BPA compounds was performed. Subsequently, the dynamic behavior of ERRγ and ERRγ-BPA compound complexes was studied by molecular dynamics simulations over 500 ns, and using this simulated data, their binding energies were again calculated using the MM-PBSA method. We observed that the binding affinity of BPA and its analogs was much higher than that of estradiol, and apart from being toxic, they can be easily absorbed in our body as their physicochemical properties are similar to those of oral medicines. Therefore, this study facilitates the understanding of the structure–activity relationship of ERRγ and BPA compounds and provides information about the key amino acid residues of ERRγ that interact with BPA compounds, which can be helpful to design competitive inhibitors so that we can interrupt the interaction of BPA with ERRγ. In addition, it provides information on BPA and its analogs and will also be helpful in developing new therapeutics.
Display omitted
•The study comprehended interaction of BPA and its analogs with ERRγ.•The physicochemical and toxicity properties of BPA and its analogs were analyzed.•The key amino acid residues contributing to the interaction have been identified.•These amino acid residues will help in antagonizing BPA-ERRγ interactions.
Textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) is highly anticipated as an alternative to reinforced concrete due to its ability to enable lightweight design, free formability, and improved ductility. In this ...study, TRC panel test specimens were fabricated and four-point loading flexural tests were performed to examine the flexural characteristics of TRC panels reinforced with carbon fabric, and to investigate the effect of the fabric reinforcement ratio, anchorage length, and surface treatment of fabric. Furthermore, the flexural behavior of the test specimens was numerically analyzed using the general section analysis concept of reinforced concrete and compared with the experimental results. Due to bond failure between the carbon fabric and the concrete matrix, the TRC panel showed a large decrease in flexural performance in terms of flexural stiffness, flexural strength, cracking behavior, and deflection. This low performance was improved by increasing the fabric reinforcement ratio, anchoring length, and sand-epoxy surface treatment of the anchorage. Comparing the numerical calculation results with the experimental results, the deflection of the experimental results was approximately 50% larger than the numerical calculation results. This is because the perfect bond between the carbon fabric and the concrete matrix failed, and slip occurred.
Summary
In 2005, South Korea initiated the 15‐year National Eco‐Industrial Park Development Program in three stages to gradually transform aged industrial complexes into eco‐industrial parks (EIPs) ...by promoting industrial symbiosis (IS). Building upon the pilot experiences from the first 5 years, the second phase of the program focused on the scaling‐up of IS at a broader regional level. Key scaling‐up strategies included the expansion of target areas by connecting multiple industrial complexes, the standardization of processes and dissemination of learning, and the development of large‐scale projects that could contribute to the regional development. In this study, we examined the evolution of IS over the last 10 years between 2005 and 2014, primarily to understand the characteristics and impact of these scaling‐up strategies. Our findings showed that the scale of IS in the second phase had increased in various aspects in comparison to that in the first phase. The number of operating projects had increased from 52 to 159, the number of participating firms increased from 90 to 596, and the average distance of IS increased from 40 to 48 kilometers. The size of economic and environmental benefits also increased along with an increase in the private investment and government research funding. We further analyzed the role of the regional EIP centers as facilitators, how their activities influenced the scaling‐up of IS, and discussed the characteristics of the Korea's approach to IS.
Abstract
Veterinary systems biology is an innovative approach that integrates biological data at the molecular and cellular levels, allowing for a more extensive understanding of the interactions and ...functions of complex biological systems in livestock and veterinary science. It has tremendous potential to integrate multi-omics data with the support of vetinformatics resources for bridging the phenotype–genotype gap via computational modeling. To understand the dynamic behaviors of complex systems, computational models are frequently used. It facilitates a comprehensive understanding of how a host system defends itself against a pathogen attack or operates when the pathogen compromises the host’s immune system. In this context, various approaches, such as systems immunology, network pharmacology, vaccinology and immunoinformatics, can be employed to effectively investigate vaccines and drugs. By utilizing this approach, we can ensure the health of livestock. This is beneficial not only for animal welfare but also for human health and environmental well-being. Therefore, the current review offers a detailed summary of systems biology advancements utilized in veterinary sciences, demonstrating the potential of the holistic approach in disease epidemiology, animal welfare and productivity.
