Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of small, multifunctional nodes distributed across various locations to monitor and record parameters. These nodes store data and transmit signals for further ...processing, forming a crucial topic of study. Monitoring the network's status in WSN applications using clustering systems is essential. Collaboration among sensors from various domains enhances the precision of localised information reporting. However, nodes closer to the data sink consume more energy, leading to hotspot challenges. To address these challenges, this research employs clustering and optimised routing techniques. The aggregation of information involves creating clusters, further divided into sub-clusters. Each cluster includes a Cluster Head (CH) or Sensor Nodes (SN) without a CH. Clustering inherently optimises CHs' capabilities, enhances network activity, and establishes a systematic network topology. This model accommodates both multi-hop and single-hop systems. This research focuses on selecting CHs using a Genetic Algorithm (GA), considering various factors. While GA possesses strong exploration capabilities, it requires effective management. This research uses Prairie Dog Optimization (PDO) to overcome this challenge. The proposed Hotspot Mitigated Prairie with Genetic Algorithm (HM-PGA) significantly improves WSN performance, particularly in hotspot avoidance. With HM-PGA, it achieves a network lifetime of 20913 milliseconds and 310 joules of remaining energy. Comparative analysis with existing techniques demonstrates the superiority of the proposed approach.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Monitoring and determination of ultra-trace concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitter such as noradrenaline (NA) in living cells with simple, sensitive and selective assays are significantly ...interesting. We design NA-electrode sensing system based on C-, N-doped NiO broccoli-like hierarchy (CNNB). The spherical broccoli-head umbrella architectures associated with nano-tubular arrangements enabled to tailor NA biosensor design. The homogenous doping and anisotropic dispersion of CN nanospheres along the entire NB head nanotubes lead to creating of abundant electroactive sites in the interior tubular vessels and outer surfaces for ultrasensitive detection of NA in living cells such as PC12. The CNNB biosensor electrodes showed efficient electrocatalytic activity, enhanced kinetics for electrooxidation of NA, and fast electron-transfer between electrode–electrolyte interface surfaces, enabling synergistic enhancement in sensitivity, and selectivity at a low-detectable concentration of ∼ 6nM and reproducibility of broccoli-shaped NA-electrodes. The integrated CNNB biosensor electrodes showed evidence of monitoring and screening of NA released from PC12 cells under K+ ion-extracellular stimulation process. The unique features of CNNB in terms of NA-selectivity among multi-competitive components, long-term stability during the detection of NA may open their practical, in-vitro application for extracellular monoamine neurotransmitters detection in living cells.
•Detection of ultra-trace concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitter in living cells.•C-, N-doped NiO broccoli-like (CNNB) provided highly sensitive biosensor.•Our finding provides high sensitivity up to 6nM for NA-biosensing.•C/N-doping enhance the ultrasensitive detection of NA in living cells “PC12”.•Simple, sensitive and selective assays of noradrenaline (NA).
Human coronavirus-associated myocarditis is known, and a number of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)-related myocarditis cases have been reported. The pathophysiology of COVID-19-related myocarditis ...is thought to be a combination of direct viral injury and cardiac damage due to the host's immune response. COVID-19 myocarditis diagnosis should be guided by insights from previous coronavirus and other myocarditis experience. The clinical findings include changes in electrocardiogram and cardiac biomarkers, and impaired cardiac function. When cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is not feasible, cardiac computed tomographic angiography with delayed myocardial imaging may serve to exclude significant coronary artery disease and identify myocardial inflammatory patterns. Because many COVID-19 patients have cardiovascular comorbidities, myocardial infarction should be considered. If the diagnosis remains uncertain, an endomyocardial biopsy may help identify active cardiac infection through viral genome amplification and possibly refine the treatment risks of systemic immunosuppression. Arrhythmias are not uncommon in COVID-19 patients, but the pathophysiology is still speculative. Nevertheless, clinicians should be vigilant to provide prompt monitoring and treatment. The long-term impact of COVID-19 myocarditis, including the majority of mild cases, remains unknown.
Massive utilizations of chemical fertilizer in agriculture sector to improve the farming productivity have created increasing possibility of environmental damages. Severe human health issues, global ...warming, poor fertility and high cost of soil maintenance are the major side effects of the utilizations of inorganic fertilizers and needs immediate attention. To overcome these issues, agriculture farming has been shifted towards the development of organic fertilizers using natural bio-resources. Organic fertilizers have several advantages like low-cost, being produced from the renewable resources and are highly efficient to improve the productivity of soil and agriculture product, rapidly. Additionally, bio-fertilizers not only increase the production, nutrients and organic matter but also neutralize the harmful impacts caused by the chemical fertilizers due to the potential combination of the microorganisms with organic wastes. Food wastes have tremendous potential to enhance the production of bio-fertilizers because these wastes are present in bio-degradable forms and may efficiently accelerate the activity of the microbial metabolic. Thus, the present review summarizes an overview of the production strategy of bio-fertilizers using the combination of food wastes and microorganisms. Further, in depth discussion have been done about the microbial digestion of food wastes to produce biofertilizer along with discussions about the possible mechanisms involved therein. Plant growth promoting microorganisms and their mechanisms have been also analyzed in the present review along with the existing limitations and sustainable future prospective.
•Review presents food wastes to value addition.•Food wastes and microbial interaction has been reviewed to produce bio-fertilizer.•Significance of bio-fertilizer has been reviewed.•Mechanisms to promote plants growth using bio-fertilizer has been discussed.•Recent advancement and existing roadblock has been also presented.
Applications of thermostable enzymes in various industries are highly demanding, and considered as one of the most feasible solutions to gain the high productivity of the related bio-processing. ...Nevertheless, cost-intensive production of enzymes with low reactivity and stability make them non-suitable for different sustainable industrial applications. Focusing on this aspect, the present study deals with the sustainable and low-cost green synthesis of Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) using rice straw extract as the food waste which function as the natural reducing reagent and investigates the utility of IONPs to improve the thermo-stability of enzyme. Herein, physiochemical properties of newly synthesized IONPs have been analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Moreover, impact of green route synthesized IONPs is studied to improve the thermal stability of commercially available endo-glucanase (EG) enzyme as a model system. It is noticed that IONPs significantly supported to enhance the thermal stability of EG enzyme, wherein enzyme exhibited thermal stability at 70 °C up to 15 h, and suggesting high potential of thermally stable enzyme for numerous industrial applications.
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•Rice straw extract mediated green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs).•A facile and rapid synthesize of IONPs has been explored.•IONPs assisted improved thermal stability of endoglucanase (EG) enzyme.•IONPs enhanced ~39% thermal stability of EG enzyme at 70 °C as compared to control.•IONPs mediated EG enzyme exhibited thermal stability at 70 °C up to 15 h.
The present review explores fruit wastes as potential and low-cost substrates for economical production of cellulase enzymes. Being renewable, vast availability and having rich organic nutrient, ...these fruit wastes can be exploited to produce cellulase enzyme for various industrial applications. This review aimed to explore recent insight in sustainable production of microbial cellulolytic enzymes following solid state fermentation (SSF) wherein different types of fruit wastes as a potentially viable and alternative form of substrates have been utilized. In addition, detailed about the characteristics, mechanisms and market scenario of cellulase enzymes produced through a range of microbial species have been discussed. Further, impacts of different physicochemical parameters on solid-state fermentation based enzyme production and scale up issues have also analyzed. Moreover, applications of cellulases to produce different types of biofuels have been evaluated while emphases are made on existing hindrances and the possible strategies to improve the enzyme production process using fruit wastes.
•Cellulase enzyme production using fruit wastes as substrate is reviewed.•Approach to explore fruit wastes as substrate for industrial production of cellulase•Targeted to economical application of cellulase in biofuels production•Low-cost cellulase production may improve bioenergy production technology.•Cellulase production using fruit wastes may help to resolve the environmental issues.
Signal Image separation is a significant processing task for accurate image reconstruction, which is increasingly applied to several medical imaging applications and communication areas. Most of ...classical separation approaches exploit frequency and time domains. These approaches, however are sensitive to noise, and thus often lead to undesirable results. In this paper, we propose a novel method of image separation. It incorporates the property of reflectance component extracted from the image and a Finite Ridgelet Transform (FRT) to obtain precise analysis of the images and thus correctly separate the images even in hardly noisy environment. We obtain the reflectance components of the target images by employing a homomorphic processing, which operates in the log domain, and thus can decompose the image into illumination and reflectance components. In addition, the homomorphic decomposition in the proposed method reduces information redundancy in the target image, and thus substantially improve the quality of image separation. We carried out extensive simulations, which demonstrate that the proposed homomorphic technique outperforms the conventional methods based on time domain and trigonometric transforms.
Zinc oxide (ZnO) has several industrial applications due to its versatile properties, which lead to its continuously increasing demand in different industrial sectors. Additionally, ZnO ...nanostructures possess unique photocatalytic activity, and because of this, they are being applied to degrade organic dyes through photocatalysis for wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, chemical synthesis methods to develop ZnO nanostructures have raised concerns related to environmental issues, furthermore, these methods are found to be costly and tedious. As a result, the synthesis of ZnO nanostructures using green methods is gaining popularity due to its low cost and eco‐friendly mode, while avoiding the use of toxic chemicals. Green synthesis of ZnO nanostructures using different biological approaches involving plants, algae, and different microorganism‐derived bioactive compounds has been well reported for diverse applications. Among different applications, ZnO nanostructures that enable photocatalysis to degrade dye have been found to be imperative for wastewater treatments. Therefore, the current review explores recent studies on green synthesis approaches to prepare ZnO nanostructures via adopting different biological methods that rely on plants, algae, and bacterial microorganisms. The properties of ZnO nanostructures, along with their green synthesis routes and feasible mechanisms, have also been discussed in this review. This review focuses on the use and efficiency of green route synthesized ZnO nanostructures as nanophotocatalysts for the degradation of organic dyes in wastewater treatment. Additionally, existing challenges in green synthesis methods and the efficiency of ZnO nanostructures to degrade organic dyes following photocatalysis has been discussed.
Advantages of green synthesis: biological synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanomaterials and its application in photocatalysis mediated dye degradation for wastewater treatment.
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are acquiring increasing interest as ionic liquid analogues because of their wide application, low-cost characteristics and environmentally friendly. In this study, ...choline chloride-based (ChCl) as a type of DESs were synthesized using polyethylene glycol (PEG), and applied to reduce sulfur content of actual heavy crude oil with sulfur content 37900 ppm (3.79 wt%). The synthesized DESs were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as viscosity and density measurements. The DESs were evaluated for extractive ultrasound-assisted oxidative desulfurization (EUAODS), with 30 wt% H2O2 as the oxidant and formic acid as the catalyst. This study looked at the effects of oxidative desulfurization (ODS) and single ODS under ultrasonic treatment. Different systems for DESs were tested to find the desulfurization selectivity of the better reaction system; and it was found that extractive desulfurization (EDS) removed 24.57% of the sulfur, followed by extractive and ultrasonic-assisted desulfurization (EUADS) at 26.78%, then ODS at 37.28%, with ultrasonic-assisted oxidative desulfurization (EUAODS) providing the best result of 62%. According to the comparison trials, combining DESs with ultrasonic treatment improved processing. This study contributes to the body of information on the use of ultrasonic treatment in heavy crude oil desulfurization.
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•Employing commercial ionic liquid in extractive desulfurization of actual heavy crude oil.•Oxidative desulfurization process was carried out for actual heavy crude oil with sulfur content 3.79wt.%.•A maximum of 62 % sulfur reduction was achieved using Deep Eutectic Solvents with Ultrasonic-assisted.•The characterization of actual heavy crude oil was not affected in this process.•The Choline Chloride (ChCl) has a high extraction efficiency and good reusability up to three cycles.
The accurate classification of road surface conditions plays a vital role in ensuring road safety and effective maintenance. Vibration-based techniques have shown promise in this domain, leveraging ...the unique vibration signatures generated by vehicles to identify different road conditions. In this study, we focus on utilizing vehicle-mounted vibration sensors to collect road surface vibrations and comparing various data representation techniques for classifying road surface conditions into four classes: normal road surface, potholes, bad road surface, and speedbumps. Our experimental results reveal that the combination of multiple data representation techniques results in higher performance, with an average accuracy of 93.4%. This suggests that the integration of deep neural networks and signal processing techniques can produce a high-level representation better suited for challenging multivariate time series classification issues.
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