Most developing countries do not comprehensively address chronic diseases as part of their health agendas because of lack of resources, limited capacity within the health system, and the threat that ...the institution of national-level programs will weaken local health systems and compete with other health issues. An integrated partnership-based approach, however, could obviate some of these obstacles. In Pakistan, a tripartite public-private partnership was developed among the Ministry of Health, the nongovernmental organization (NGO) Heartfile, and World Health Organization. This was the first time an NGO participated in a national health program; NGOs typically assume a contractual role. The partnership developed a national integrated plan for health promotion and the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), which as of January 2006 is in the first stage of implementation. This plan, called the National Action Plan on NCD Prevention, Control, and Health Promotion (NAP-NCD), was released on May 12, 2004, and attempts to obviate the challenges associated with addressing chronic diseases in countries with limited resources. By developing an integrated approach to chronic diseases at several levels, capitalizing on the strengths of partnerships, building on existing efforts, and focusing primary health care on chronic disease prevention, the NAP-NCD aims to mitigate the effects of national-level programs on local resources. The impact of the NAP-NCD on population outcomes can only be assessed over time. However, this article details the plan's process, its perceived merits, and its limitations in addition to discussing challenges with its implementation, highlighting the value of such partnerships in facilitating the missions and mandates of participating agencies, and suggesting options for generalizability.
Construction initiatives are one of the most essential tools available to nations and organizations for bringing strategic aspirations and objectives to fruition. The Somali government, the Turkish ...government, and private companies are collaborating on numerous construction initiatives. Regrettably, many of these initiatives have been delayed. Construction project delays can have a significant impact on all stakeholders involved, leading to cost overruns, legal disputes, and reputational damage. The purpose of this study was to identify major causes of the delayed construction in Mogadishu, Somalia, to assess the effects of delay on the completion Time of construction projects, and to find and suggest ways to reduce the delay of construction projects in Mogadishu, Somalia using a questionnaire; this research was conducted. A survey questionnaire was administered to 385 respondents to collect data. Using SPSS, descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the collected data. According to the primary findings, changes in project design, inadequate project management, material delivery delays, and unreliable security issues were the most significant causes of delays. The study also found that delays can significantly affect project social problems, particularly in the case of housing, Personal conflicts among laborers, and the tying up of client capital due to project non-completion. These findings suggest that efFor Ts to reduce delays should concentrate on enhancing project management practices, enhancing communication and collaboration among project stakeholders, and addressing material procurement issues. Overall, the study emphasizes the significance of meticulous 1 y planning and administering construction projects to minimize delays and guarantee success.
The National Action Plan for Non-communicable Disease Prevention, Control and Health Promotion in Pakistan (NAP-NCD) incorporates prevention of injuries into a comprehensive NCD prevention effort. ...This encompasses the prevention of road traffic crashes (RTC)s, occupational injuries, falls, burns and other injuries. In this programme, surveillance of injuries--as part of comprehensive population-based NCD surveillance system, supplemented by multiple data sources--has been stipulated as an entry point, to injury prevention and control efforts. Actions areas for preventing RTCs include interventions to improve road safety education, identification and implementation of safety measures for traffic black-spots, enforcement of seatbelt and helmet laws and the development and implementation of highway ordinances. Recommendations have also been made to establish a road safety committee and to facilitate inter-sectoral action. It has also been deemed essential to enact and enforce legislation on locally manufactured vehicles, regulate drivers' training and licensing and evaluation of Highway Police Force from a performance and fiscal perspective. To prevent worksite injuries, a national consensus has been achieved to develop a comprehensive policy and to enact and enforce legislation for occupational health and safety; to include preventive health in the mandate of organizations dealing with worksite safety and to study patterns of occupational injuries and their determinants with a view to defining precise targets for preventive interventions. In addition NAP-NCD makes a strong case for the establishment of a National Safety Commission, the development of product safety standards for household usage, enforcement of legislation on building safety, and efforts to improve trauma care to the extent that a credible, cost-effective analysis suggests. It also calls for the need to formally evaluate interventions to reduce all forms of violence in Pakistan. Building capacity in the health system for injury prevention and building partnerships for sustainable outcomes in injury prevention have also been defined as priority areas.
