MicroRNAs Bhaskaran, M.; Mohan, M.
Veterinary pathology,
07/2014, Letnik:
51, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993 followed by developments and discoveries in small RNA biology have redefined the biological landscape by significantly altering the longstanding dogmas ...that defined gene regulation. These small RNAs play a significant role in modulation of an array of physiological and pathological processes ranging from embryonic development to neoplastic progression. Unique miRNA signatures of various inherited, metabolic, infectious, and neoplastic diseases have added a new dimension to the studies that look at their pathogenesis and highlight their potential to be reliable biomarkers. Also, altering miRNA functionality and the development of novel in vivo delivery systems to achieve targeted modulation of specific miRNA function are being actively pursued as novel approaches for therapeutic intervention in many diseases. Here we review the current body of knowledge on the role of miRNAs in development and disease and discuss future implications.
Ocimum tenuiflorum is a sacred medicinal plant bestowed with multiple health benefits. This plant is traditionally considered an adaptogen. Many scientific studies have indicated the anti-stress ...potential of Ocimum tenuiflorum but with higher doses. The present study investigated the effects of HolixerTM (a clinically studied standardized Ocimum tenuiflorum extract) on modulating stress using two in vivo models, namely the swim endurance study in mice and forced swim test in rats. In addition, we explored the mechanism of action of HolixerTM on the HPA axis using two in vitro cell-based assays to check for its inhibitory effect on cortisol release and CRF1 receptor antagonistic activity. Ocimum tenuiflorum extract enhanced the swimming time in mice, reduced the stress-induced increase in immobility time, and prevented the increase in corticosterone in rats subjected to the forced swim test. Further, Ocimum tenuiflorum extract inhibited cortisol release and exhibited a significant CRF1 receptor antagonist activity. Thus, Ocimum tenuiflorum extract was found effective in managing stress, and the effect could be due to the inhibition of cortisol release and the antagonistic effect on the CRF1 receptors.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Neurogenic Heterotopic ossification (NHO) is a potential sequalae and a detrimental complication following neurological insult. It is characterized by formation of localized gradually progressive, ...peri-articular lamellar bone formation in extra-skeletal tissues. We would like to report a rare case of heterotopic ossification involving all 4 limbs, in which we tried to restore joint mobility to improve his functional status so that he could perform his daily tasks.
We present a case of a 33-year-old bed ridden male, diagnosed with NHO involving all 4 limbs (bilateral hip, right knee, right shoulder, left elbow). The patient had a crippled posture, significant pain and impaired range of motion hampering movement of all four limbs which prevented him from lying down supine, sitting, walking and performing activities of daily living. After three surgeries, the patient achieved wheelchair mobilization and upright posture with the assistance of calipers.
The management of NHO requires a multidisciplinary approach involving orthopaedic surgeons, neurologists & rehabilitation specialists. Prognosis of NHO depends on factors such as extent of ossification, underlying neurological condition & patients overall health.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Reliable prediction of surround vehicle motion is a critical requirement for path planning for autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we propose a unified framework for surround vehicle maneuver ...classification and motion prediction that exploits multiple cues, namely, the estimated motion of vehicles, an understanding of typical motion patterns of freeway traffic and intervehicle interaction. We report our results in terms of maneuver classification accuracy and mean and median absolute error of predicted trajectories against the ground truth for real traffic data collected using vehicle mounted sensors on freeways. An ablative analysis is performed to analyze the relative importance of each cue for trajectory prediction. Additionally, an analysis of execution time for the components of the framework is presented. Finally, we present multiple case studies analyzing the outputs of our model for complex traffic scenarios.
The present work describes an attractive skin-worn microneedle sensing device for the minimally invasive electrochemical monitoring of subcutaneous alcohol. The device consists of an assembly of ...pyramidal microneedle structures integrated with Pt and Ag wires, each with a microcavity opening. The microneedle aperture was modified by electropolymerizing o-phenylene diamine onto the Pt wire microtransducer, followed by the immobilization of alcohol oxidase (AOx) in an intermediate chitosan layer, along with an outer Nafion layer. The resulting microneedle-based enzyme electrode displays an interference-free ethanol detection in artificial interstitial fluid without compromising its sensitivity, stability and response time. The skin penetration ability and the efficaciousness of the biosensor performance towards subcutaneous alcohol monitoring was substantiated by the ex vivo mice skin model analysis. Our results reveal that the new microneedle sensor holds considerable promise for continuous non-invasive alcohol monitoring in real-life situations.
•Microneedle-based enzymatic sensor for continuous monitoring of alcohol.•Hollow microneedle containing Pt wire transducer coated with a PPD/AlOx-Chit/Nafion multilayer.•Minimally-invasive alcohol biosensor displaying selectivity, stability and wide range of detection•Ex vivo mice skin model analysis validated the efficiency of subcutaneous alcohol ISF detection.
A microneedle electrochemical biosensor for the minimally invasive detection of organophosphate (OP) chemical agents is described. The new sensor relies on the coupling of the effective biocatalytic ...action of organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) with a hollow-microneedle modified carbon-paste array electrode transducer, and involves rapid square-wave voltammetric (SWV) measurements of the
p
-nitrophenol product of the OPH enzymatic reaction in the presence of the OP substrate. The scanning-potential SWV transduction mode offers an additional dimension of selectivity compared to common fixed-potential OPH-amperometric biosensors. The microneedle device offers a highly linear response for methyl paraoxon (MPOx) over the range of 20-180 μM, high selectivity in the presence of excess co-existing ascorbic acid and uric acid and a high stability sensor upon exposure to the interstitial fluid (ISF). The OPH microneedle sensor was successfully tested
ex vivo
using mice skin samples exposed to MPOx, demonstrating its promise for minimally-invasive monitoring of OP agents and pesticides and as a wearable sensor for detecting toxic compounds, in general.
A microneedle array based biosensor for minimally invasive electrochemical monitoring of organophosphate (OP) nerve agents under the skin.
Flexible, wearable sensing devices can yield important information about the underlying physiology of a human subject for applications in real-time health and fitness monitoring. Despite significant ...progress in the fabrication of flexible biosensors that naturally comply with the epidermis, most designs measure only a small number of physical or electrophysiological parameters, and neglect the rich chemical information available from biomarkers. Here, we introduce a skin-worn wearable hybrid sensing system that offers simultaneous real-time monitoring of a biochemical (lactate) and an electrophysiological signal (electrocardiogram), for more comprehensive fitness monitoring than from physical or electrophysiological sensors alone. The two sensing modalities, comprising a three-electrode amperometric lactate biosensor and a bipolar electrocardiogram sensor, are co-fabricated on a flexible substrate and mounted on the skin. Human experiments reveal that physiochemistry and electrophysiology can be measured simultaneously with negligible cross-talk, enabling a new class of hybrid sensing devices.
Room temperature rapid detection of toxic gases is still ambitious for real-time application. Recently, molybdenum disulfide transition dichalcogenides (MoS2 TMDCs) have been considered as a ...promising material for gas sensing application, owing to their high surface-to-volume ratio. However low response and incomplete recovery hinder their performance. In this work, we demonstrate MoS2 and cobalt incorporated MoS2 to enhance the sensing response and rapid recovery. Co-incorporated (7 at%) MoS2 showed 546.6% enhancement in response compared to pristine MoS2 for 100 ppm of NO2 gas at room temperature. The enhanced edge site presents in the Co-incorporated samples was the reason for excellent gas adsorption and increased response towards NO2 gas molecules. The stability analysis showed 70% of stability of a fabricated device. These results address a new pathway for an ideal gas sensor for room temperature application.
•The pristine MoS2 and co-incorporated MoS2 was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method.•Studying the effect of cobalt incorporation in MoS2 and their gas sensing properties via home-made gas sensing unit.•The 7 at% of Co-incorporated MoS2 sample showed enhanced response of 51.08% in 10 s for 100 ppm of NO2 gas.•The uniqueness of our work is to fabricate room temperature gas sensor with enhanced sensitivity of 546.6%.
A thermotropic hydrogen bond liquid crystal ClBAO + 6BAO is synthesized by mixing in equimolar ratios of chlorobenzoic acid and hexyloxybenzoic acid. FTIR studies conform the formation of hydrogen ...bond between the precursors. This mesogen exhibits nematic phase with long thermal range. DSC thermogram specified the transition temperatures and their respective enthalpy values. Dielectric spectroscopy is performed in the range between 5 Hz and 13 MHz; two types of relaxations, namely type 1 and types 2, are identified and studied extensively. Both of these relaxation are observed to follow Debye relaxation behavior. Type 1 relaxation process, referred as soft mode, is examined at 1 kHz; a mild shift in the relaxation frequency is noticed as temperature decreased. Type 2 relaxation is observed at 9.4 MHz, and the relaxation frequency magnitude shifted to 10.61 MHz with decrement in the temperature. Cole–Cole plots are constructed for both of these relaxation, and the corresponding activation energy is experimentally deduced from the Arrhenius plots. Another interesting observation is the temperature response of this mesogen to resistance. Both positive and negative slopes are identified in thermos-resistive plots thus by modulating the liquid crystal temperature. Perhaps, this is the first report to notice both behaviors in a mono-mesogen segregated by few degrees of temperature. Features of dielectric studies and thermistor applications are discussed in detail.
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