Pričujoče besedilo je povzemanje in analiza javne razprave, do katere je prišlo po sprejetju 41. sklepa Senata Filozofske fakultete Univerze v Ljubljani z dne 25. aprila 2018 o novi spolni dikciji v ...fakultetnih pravilnikih in ki je nato ob zanimanju medijev potekala več mesecev, vrhunec pa dosegla pred približno enim letom, 23. oktobra 2018, na Okrogli mizi Jezik in spol na Filozofski fakulteti UL. Obenem je ob ponovnem vrednotenju izraženih stališč z nekoliko časovne distance prispevek poskus nadaljevanja razprave o spolnih kategorijah in ospoljenih identitetah ter androcentričnosti v jeziku. Poleg osvetlitve teoretskega ozadja, ki je (ali bi moralo biti) gonilo razprave, smo opravili tudi preprosto statistično analizo odzivov glede na zastopanost v medijih in zastopanost po spolu. V kvalitativnem delu analize nas je zanimalo predvsem, katere strokovne in ideološke (navidezne) opozicije so napajale posamezne retorike in diskurze, ki so obarvali razpravo.
The article begins with a presentation of a selection of electronic monolingual and bi/multilingual lexicographic resources and corpora available today to contemporary users of Slovene. The focus is ...on works combined with English and designed for translation purposes which provide information on the meaning of words and wider lexical units, i.e., e-dictionaries, lexical databases, web translation tools and various corpora. In a separate sub-section the most common translation technologies are presented, together with an evaluation of their role in the modern translation process. Sections 2 and 3 provide a brief outline of the changes that have affected classical dictionary planning, compilation and use in the new digital environment, as well as of the relationship between dictionaries and related resources, such as lexical databases. Some stereotypes regarding dictionary use are identified and, in conclusion, the existing corpus-based databases for the Slovenian-English pair are presented, with a view to determining priorities for the future interlingual infrastructure action plans in Slovenia.
The present paper focuses on ways in which the pragmatic (functional) meaning that arises from various contextual features, known in corpus linguistics as semantic prosody, can become an integral ...part of lexicographical descriptions as they are represented in the Slovene Lexical Database (SLD). This is particularly important for the treatment of phraseology and idiomatics. First, the theoretical background is provided, with the focus on the prototype theory and its practical implications for monolingual lexicography. A parallel is drawn with the model of meaning analysis in the SLD. The second part begins with a brief introduction to semantic prosody and continues with an analysis of monolingual meaning descriptions in the SLD against a number of authentic corpus examples, investigating how their pragmatic components have been identified. The analysis of corpus data shows that pragmatics is an important contributor to the process of sense discrimination in works of lexical and lexicographic relevance.
Razprava o jeziku in spolu v slovenskem prostoru načenja problematiko spolno občutljive rabe jezika (SORJ), ki daleč presega zgolj enakopravnost in inkluzivnost v jezikovni rabi. Vzpostavljanje ...(spolne) identitete v jeziku se navezuje tudi na teoretsko vprašanje družbene konstrukcije spola, obenem pa je zagotavljanje enakosti spolov v jeziku povsem operativno vprašanje, ki terja ukrepe na številnih poljih družbenega delovanja, tudi in še posebej v različnih segmentih izobraževanja. Kot je pokazala prva institucionalno organizirana javna razprava dne 23. oktobra 2018 na FF UL, ki je sledila sprejetju strategije za zmanjševanje nesorazmerij po spolu na Filozofski fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani, bo pristop k vprašanjem jezika in spola nujno interdisciplinaren. V jezikoslovnih razmislekih je potreben preskok z osredinjenosti na leksiko in poimenovalnost (sredstva, ki že obstajajo) na argumente oblikoskladenjske ter zlasti simbolne moškosrediščne strukturiranosti jezikovnih znakov, pri čemer se ne bo mogoče povsem izogniti sodobnim spoznanjem družboslovnih ved in tudi delu naravoslovja (npr. Fausto-Sterling, 2014) o tem, da je pripis spola družbena odločitev (npr. Butler, 2001 /1990/, 1993). Na tem mestu, kjer nas zanimajo zlasti učinki SORJ na diskurzivni ravni, zagovarjamo stališče, da bistvo prizadevanj za bolj vključevalen jezik - s poudarkom na diskurzu v izobraževalnem okolju - ni v licitaciji, avtorizaciji in institucionalizaciji posameznih rešitev in strategij s strani jeziko(slo)vnih avtoritet, temveč v razumevanju SORJ kot množice mikropolitik in kontinuiranega procesa, v katerem nenehno preizprašujemo jezikovne samoumevnosti glede na dani družbeni kontekst.
The monograph focuses on corpus analysis of texts, exploring the interface between lexical and discursive aspects of pragmatic meaning. As the concept of evaluation is key to understanding how ...language works, our aim is to shed light on semantic prosody – a traditionally neglected evaluation-related phenomenon in Slovenian linguistics – as shown in some specific areas of applied linguistics, especially lexicography and translation. The locus of this phenomenon, which determines the pragmatic function of a unit of meaning, is in the textual, not the lexical meaning. This poses a challenge to modern lexicography. The introduction is followed by a brief outline of the history of pragmatic research and an analysis of selected lexical units, while in the second part of the book pragmatic aspects of textual and discursive analysis, including evaluation and metaphor, are presented. The importance of semantic prosody for linguistics is confirmed by tradition, as well as by insights in many areas closely related to language and interpretation of meaning, such as digitization and (language) technology, media discourse and policy, or law.
This paper is a follow-up and elaboration of the paper published in the JTDH 2022 Conference Proceedings on manual semantic annotation of named entities based on a proposed set of annotations for a ...corpus of modernist literary texts. We first briefly describe the corpus and introduce the annotation scheme, then focus on the results of additional analyses, and conclude with further challenges and issues we identified with respect to established NER systems and practices of related projects. Overall, we identify several categories of proper names, foreign language elements, and bibliographic citations, but focus here on the challenges of annotating names of literary characters and place names, and provide examples of the results of preliminary analyses of these entities in the corpus.
Filozofska fakulteta Univerze v Ljubljani in Komisija za slovenski jezik v javnosti pri Slovenski akademiji znanosti in umetnosti sta v torek, 23. oktobra 2018, organizirali okroglo mizo »Jezik in ...spol«, ki je potekala na Filozofski fakulteti v Ljubljani. Izhodišče razprave je bil sklep Senata Filozofske fakultete o izmenični rabi moške in ženske slovnične oblike za vse spole v pravilnikih Filozofske fakultete, s sogovornicami in sogovorniki pa sta organizatorja želela razpravo razširiti na vprašanja, kakšne možnosti ponuja slovenski jezik za uporabo spolno občutljivega jezika in kako v slovenskem jeziku zagotavljati vključujoč jezik v različnih družbenih situacijah. Objavljamo zapis je po posnetku dogodka, ki je na voljo na YouTubu.
Abstract – The present paper focuses on ways in which the pragmatic (functional) meaning that arises from various contextual features, known in corpus linguistics as semantic prosody (Sinclair 1996, ...2004; Louw 1993, etc.) can become an integral part of lexicographic descriptions. This is especially important for the treatment of phraseology and idiomatics. The workings of semantic prosody are a good example of the ways pragmatic meaning exploits linguistic means to be codified in the text. We thus investigate the meaning that can only be studied in context, as it is completely dependent on collocation, i.e., syntagmatic relations, and therefore cannot be attributed solely to a concrete word form. Corpus analysis has yielded significant results in areas such as the lexicographic treatment of semantic prosody. We believe that in order to improve teaching pragmatics in all its complexity, it is necessary to recognise and assess various aspects of pragmatic meaning both in written and spoken language. Second/foreign language teaching/learning in particular has been strongly dependent on the inclusion of relevant information in dictionaries, in which, traditionally, pragmatic aspects of meaning have been largely neglected. Language technologies have enabled us both to study the subtleties of pragmatic meaning and to design accurate and more user-friendly (pedagogical) dictionaries. We will attempt to demonstrate the value of explicit description of functional pragmatic meaning, i.e. semantic prosody, as implemented in the Slovene Lexical Database (2008-2012). A brief overview of the theoretical background is first provided, after which we describe the definition strategies employed to include pragmatics, as well as presenting a case study and arguing that explicating semantic prosody is crucial in developing pragmatic competence in (young/foreign) language learners.
Keywords: semantic prosody; pragmatics; lexicographic description; dictionary; lexical database
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