To determine Vitamin D status of mother-newborn diads at birth and of their exclusively breastfed (EBF) infants at 3 months.
Longitudinal study.
Exclusively breastfed infants born at term with birth ...weight > 2.5 kg to normal, healthy mothers followed till 3 months. Serum calcium, phosphorous, heat labile alkaline phosphatase (HLAP) and 25(OH)D estimated in 42 mother / cord blood diads and in 35 (EBF) infants followed up at 3 months. Twenty five (OH)D < 15 ng/mL was considered low and 15 to 25 ng/mL low to normal.
Ca, P, HLAP were significantly higher in cord blood (P < 0.001) but mean 25 (OH)D, 19.36 ng/mL was comparable to maternal level of 22.9 ng/mL (r = 0.82, P < 0.001). At 3 months only HLAP was significantly higher compared to cord blood. Higher 25 (OH)D at 3 months correlated with higher 25 (OH)D values in cord blood (r = +0.616, P < 0.001) as well as higher antenatal maternal levels (r = + 0.552, P < 0.001). Serum 25 (OH)D values < 25 ng/mL was observed in 50 % mothers, 62 % cord blood specimens and 80 % infants at 3 months.
Subnormal maternal vitamin D status is associated with vitamin D deficiency in newborns and persists in exclusively breastfed infants.
The MUon Scattering Experiment, MUSE, at the Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland, investigates the proton charge radius puzzle, lepton universality, and two-photon exchange, via simultaneous ...measurements of elastic muon-proton and electron-proton scattering. The experiment uses the PiM1 secondary beam channel, which was designed for high precision pion scattering measurements. We review the properties of the beam line established for pions. We discuss the production processes that generate the electron and muon beams, and the simulations of these processes. Simulations of the π/μ/e beams through the channel using TURTLE and G4beamline are compared. The G4beamline simulation is then compared to several experimental measurements of the channel, including the momentum dispersion at the intermediate focal plane and target, the shape of the beam spot at the target, and timing measurements that allow the beam momenta to be determined. Finally, we conclude that the PiM1 channel can be used for high precision π, μ, and e scattering.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). 5A allele of -1612 5A/6A polymorphism of MMP-3 is associated with two fold higher activity ...than 6A allele. Present study was designed to analyse the association of this polymorphism with CAD in Indian population. Subjects included in the study were patients with stable angina (n=35), unstable angina (n=53), patients with recent event of myocardial infarction (MI) (MI Group-1, n=56) and patients at presentation of the acute MI (MI Group-2, n=49). Controls were healthy individuals (n=99). Genotyping of MMP-3 5A/6A polymorphism was carried out by PCR-based restriction digestion method. The genotype distribution of patient groups did not deviate from controls. Serum MMP-3 levels were significantly elevated at presentation of the acute MI by 36.8% (P=0.031) as compared to controls and more associated with 6A genotype suggesting discrepancy between in vitro transfection experiment and peripheral MMP-3 levels.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). 5A allele of -1612 5A/6A polymorphism of MMP-3 is associated with two fold higher activity ...than 6A allele. Present study was designed to analyse the association of this polymorphism with CAD in Indian population. Subjects included in the study were patients with stable angina (n=35), unstable angina (n=53), patients with recent event of myocardial infarction (MI) (MI Group-1, n=56) and patients at presentation of the acute MI (MI Group-2, n=49). Controls were healthy individuals (n=99). Genotyping of MMP-3 5A/6A polymorphism was carried out by PCR-based restriction digestion method. The genotype distribution of patient groups did not deviate from controls. Serum MMP-3 levels were significantly elevated at presentation of the acute MI by 36.8% (P=0.031) as compared to controls and more associated with 6A genotype suggesting discrepancy between in vitro transfection experiment and peripheral MMP-3 levels.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). 5A allele of -1612 5A/6A polymorphism of MMP-3 is associated with two fold higher activity ...than 6A allele. Present study was designed to analyse the association of this polymorphism with CAD in Indian population. Subjects included in the study were patients with stable angina (n=35), unstable angina (n=53), patients with recent event of myocardial infarction (MI) (MI Group-1, n=56) and patients at presentation of the acute MI (MI Group-2, n=49). Controls were healthy individuals (n=99). Genotyping of MMP-3 5A/6A polymorphism was carried out by PCR-based restriction digestion method. The genotype distribution of patient groups did not deviate from controls. Serum MMP-3 levels were significantly elevated at presentation of the acute MI by 36.8% (P=0.031) as compared to controls and more associated with 6A genotype suggesting discrepancy between in vitro transfection experiment and peripheral MMP-3 levels. KEY WORDS Matrix metalloproteinase-3, Single nucleotide polymorphism, Stable angina, Unstable angina, Myocardial infarction, Coronary artery disease.
The study aimed to analyze the circulating levels of thrombotic and haemostatic components; tissue factor, tissue factor pathway inhibitor, tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator ...inhibitor-1 in patients with acute myocardial infarction at presentation (Group 1, n=49), unstable angina and Non-ST elevated MI after treatment (Group 2, n=22), stable angina (Group 3, n=18) and healthy individuals (Group 4, n=31). Significant finding was increase in tissue factor not only in Group 1 (2.0 fold, P=0.001), Group 2 (2.2 fold, P=0.015) but also in Group 3 (1.8 fold, P=0.018) as compared to controls. In Group 1 Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 increased significantly (35.8%, P=0.02). Tissue factor pathway inhibitor and tissue plasminogen activator demonstrated increase in Group 1 of age<40 years while insignificant changes in elder patients. Increased thrombotic and decreased fibrinolytic conditions in acute myocardial infarction patients were observed. Increase TF in stable angina demonstrates procoagulant status in these patients as well.
The priority of secured credit has repeatedly and famously been attacked for allowing the exploitation of certain types of unsecured creditor. It has also been blamed for creating inefficiencies. ...This paper examines these arguments specifically as applied to this jurisdiction, and using both theoretical analysis and recent empirical data, suggests none of them can be sustained. It is argued that security is unlikely to lead to the exploitation of involuntary, ‘uninformed’, or ‘unsophisticated’ creditors, since the perverse incentives it allegedly creates for the debtor's management are likely to be outweighed by the managers' liquidation‐related costs. It is then pointed out that both exploitation‐based and inefficiency‐based attacks on the priority of secured credit depend on the assumption that secured credit is generally cheaper than unsecured credit, and further, that this is why debtors prefer to borrow on a secured rather than unsecured basis. Recent evidence from this jurisdiction is used to challenge this assumption. This has dramatic implications for the attacks on security, which are discussed. The paper concludes with the demonstration that secured credit, by inducing creditors to lend when they would not do so without being offered priority, is mutually value‐enhancing for all types of creditor, including unsecured ones.
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