Drug provocation tests (DPT) are considered the gold standard procedure to ascertain the diagnosis of beta-lactam (BL) allergy. Regarding route of administration, current recommendations prioritize ...oral challenges, considering them safer, and reserving the intravenous route for drugs for which this is the only formulation.
To compare in terms of tolerance and safety two protocols of BL DPT, using an oral protocol (OR-DPT) and an intravenous protocol (IV-DPT).
A descriptive, retrospective study was performed, including adult patients who underwent IV-DPT or OR-DPT for suspected immediate or delayed hypersensitivity to BL antibiotics, over a period of 4 years (between January 2018 and December 2021). Demographical data, index hypersensivity reactions’ characteristics and tolerance to DPT were reviewed.
A total of 1036 patients underwent DPT, mean age of 56.8 (standard deviation, SD, 17.8) years, 655 were women (63.2%). Immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) had occurred in 564 of patients (54.4%). OR-DPT were performed in 439 (42.4%) and IV-DPT in 597 (57.6%). The frequency of reactions during DPT, regardless of the route used, was low (3.6%): only 16 (3.6%) in OR-DPT and 21 (3.5%) in IV-DPT. From IV-DPT, 16 out 21 DHR during DPT were immediate compared with 4 out of 16 in OR-DPT. Adjusted relative risk of developing a hypersensitivity reaction during IV-DPT versus OR-DPT was 1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI)0.57–2.22).
The results suggest that OR-DPT and IV-DPT are both safe procedures when adequately performed. However, IV-DPT protocols showed a higher rate of immediate DHR during DPT probably due to the selection of basal high-risk patients to undergo IV-DPT. In conclusion, IV-DPT may be considered as an option for challenges in drug-allergy studies, entailing a precise administration.
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•Green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles in a one-step using leaf extract of Kalanchoe Daigremontiana was performed.•Formation of Ag nanoflowers with different solvents was obtained.•Ag ...nanoflowers showed a high photocatalytic activity in the removal of methylene blue.•Ag nanoflowers showed high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
The synthesis and applications of anisotropic nanostructures have attracted much attention in the last decade. The nanoflower-type structures are one of the nanomaterials with anisotropic structures most investigated because of owing to high densities of edges, corners, and stepped atoms present on their nano-petals. Here, silver nanoparticles obtained by a one-step green synthesis method using extract from Kalanchoe Daigremontiana´s leaves are reported. To identify the compounds responsible for reduction of silver ions, the functional groups present in plant extract were investigated by UV–vis and FTIR. Ag nanoparticles were characterized by UV–vis, XPS, ζ-potential, XRD, and SEM-EDS. Different solvents were used to eliminate agglomeration of the silver nanoparticles. These solvents produced nanoflower-like morphology with abundant nano-petals. This is the first report of the synthesis of Ag nanoflowers formed by green synthesis method using Kalanchoe Daigremontiana extract. The synthesized Ag nanoflowers are faced center cubic structure in nature with a petal thickness approximately of 25 nm. Photocatalytic activity of the different Ag nanostructures was evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue, where the degradation time as low as 1 min is reported. Furthermore these green synthesized Ag nanoflowers were found to show high antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus.
•The properties CS, MH, AE and FR were consensually used to rank restorative GICs.•GICs that met the ISO cut-off or panel of experts was suitable as long-term proposals.•Eleven of the 18 brands ...tested achieved the thresholds for the selected properties.•GICs that met the thresholds were ranked from the best to the worst position.•Seven brands were below the thresholds for long-term restorative indications.
The aim of this paper is to present the results of a consensus meeting on the threshold property requirements for the clinical use of conventional glass-ionomer cements (GICs) for restorative indications.
Twenty-one experts on GICs evaluated the results of tests on mechanical and optical properties of 18 different brands of restorative GICs: Bioglass R B, Chemfil Rock CR, Equia Forte EF, Gold Label 2 GL2, Gold Label 9 GL9, Glass Ionomer Cement II GI, Ionglass IG, Ion Z IZ, Ionomaster IM, Ionofil Plus IP, Ionostar Plus IS, Ketac Molar Easymix KM, Magic Glass MG, Maxxion R MA, Riva Self Cure R, Vidrion R V, Vitro Fil VF and Vitro Molar VM. All experiments were carried out by a team of researchers from Brazil and England following strict protocols, under the same laboratory conditions throughout, and maintaining data integrity.
There was consensus on: determining as primary properties of the material: compressive strength, microhardness, acid erosion and fluoride release, and as secondary properties: contrast ratio and translucency parameter, in order to rank the materials. Seven brands were below the thresholds for restorative indications: IZ, IM, IG, MA, VF, B and MG.
Based on the primary properties adopted as being essential for restorative indications, the conventional restorative GICs that met the thresholds and could be considered suitable as long-term restorative materials were: EF, GI, GL9, KM, IP, GL2, IS, CR, V, VM and R. A decision-making process to select the best GIC must also include results from clinical trials.
This study provides a ranking of GICs that could be considered suitable as long-term restorative materials based on their main properties.
WHF IASC Roadmap on Chagas Disease Echeverría, Luis Eduardo; Marcus, Rachel; Novick, Gabriel ...
Global heart,
03/2020, Letnik:
15, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Chagas Disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan
, with some of the most serious manifestations affecting the cardiovascular system. It is a chronic, stigmatizing condition, ...closely associated with poverty and affecting close to 6 million people globally. Although historically the disease was limited to endemic areas of Latin America recent years have seen an increasing global spread. In addition to the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease, the social and economic burdens on individuals and society are substantial. Often called the 'silent killer', Chagas disease is characterized by a long, asymptomatic phase in affected individuals. Approximately 30% then go on develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy and other serious cardiac complications such as stroke, rhythm disturbances and severe heart failure.
In a collaboration of the World Hearth Federation (WHF) and the Inter-American Society of Cardiology (IASC) a writing group consisting of 20 diverse experts on Chagas disease (CD) was convened. The group provided up to date expert knowledge based on their area of expertise. An extensive review of the literature describing obstacles to diagnosis and treatment of CD along with proposed solutions was conducted. A survey was sent to all WHF Members and, using snowball sampling to widen the consultation, to a variety of health care professionals working in the CD global health community. The results were analyzed, open comments were reviewed and consolidated, and the findings were incorporated into this document, thus ensuring a consensus representation.
The WHF IASC Roadmap on Chagas Disease offers a comprehensive summary of current knowledge on prevention, diagnosis and management of the disease. In providing an analysis of 'roadblocks' in access to comprehensive care for Chagas disease patients, the document serves as a framework from which strategies for implementation such as national plans can be formulated. Several dimensions are considered in the analysis: healthcare system capabilities, governance, financing, community awareness and advocacy.
The WHF IASC Roadmap proposes strategies and evidence-based solutions for healthcare professionals, health authorities and governments to help overcome the barriers to comprehensive care for Chagas disease patients. This roadmap describes an ideal patient care pathway, and explores the roadblocks along the way, offering potential solutions based on available research and examples in practice. It represents a call to action to decision-makers and health care professionals to step up efforts to eradicate Chagas disease.
Presents the many recent innovations and advancements in the field of biotechnological processes This book tackles the challenges and potential of biotechnological processes for the production of new ...industrial ingredients, bioactive compounds, biopolymers, energy sources, and compounds with commercial/industrial and economic interest by performing an interface between the developments achieved in the recent worldwide research and its many challenges to the upscale process until the adoption of commercial as well as industrial scale. Bioprocessing for Biomolecules Production examines the current status of the use and limitation of biotechnology in different industrial sectors, prospects for development combined with advances in technology and investment, and intellectual and technical production around worldwide research. It also covers new regulatory bodies, laws and regulations, and more. Chapters look at biological and biotechnological processes in the food, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries; research and production of microbial PUFAs; organic acids and their potential for industry; second and third generation biofuels; the fermentative production of beta-glucan; and extremophiles for hydrolytic enzymes productions. The book also looks at bioethanol production from fruit and vegetable wastes; bioprocessing of cassava stem to bioethanol using soaking in aqueous ammonia pretreatment; bioprospecting of microbes for bio- hydrogen production; and more. * Provides up to date information about the advancements made on the production of important biotechnological ingredients * Complete visualization of the general developments of world research around diverse products and ingredients of technological, economic, commercial and social importance * Investigates the use and recovery of agro-industrial wastes in biotechnological processes * Includes the latest updates from regulatory bodies for commercialization feasibility Offering new products and techniques for the industrial development and diversification of commercial products, Bioprocessing for Biomolecules Production is an important book for graduate students, professionals, and researchers involved in food technology, biotechnology; microbiology, bioengineering, biochemistry, and enzymology.
Biosurfactants are natural compounds with surface activity and emulsifying properties produced by several types of microorganisms and have been considered an interesting alternative to synthetic ...surfactants. Glycolipids are promising biosurfactants, due to low toxicity, biodegradability, and chemical stability in different conditions and also because they have many biological activities, allowing wide applications in different fields. In this review, we addressed general information about families of glycolipids, rhamnolipids, sophorolipids, mannosylerythritol lipids, and trehalose lipids, describing their chemical and surface characteristics, recent studies using alternative substrates, and new strategies to improve of production, beyond their specificities. We focus in providing recent developments and trends in biotechnological process and medical and industrial applications.
Enzyme therapies are attracting significant attention as thrombolytic drugs during the current scenario owing to their great affinity, specificity, catalytic activity, and stability. Among various ...sources, the application of microbial-derived thrombolytic and fibrinolytic enzymes to prevent and treat vascular occlusion is promising due to their advantageous cost–benefit ratio and large-scale production. Thrombotic complications such as stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and peripheral occlusive diseases resulting from blood vessel blockage are the major cause of poor prognosis and mortality. Given the ability of microbial thrombolytic enzymes to dissolve blood clots and prevent any adverse effects, their use as a potential thrombolytic therapy has attracted great interest. A better understanding of the hemostasis and fibrinolytic system may aid in improving the efficacy and safety of this treatment approach over classical thrombolytic agents. Here, we concisely discuss the physiological mechanism of thrombus formation, thrombo-, and fibrinolysis, thrombolytic and fibrinolytic agents isolated from bacteria, fungi, and algae along with their mode of action and the potential application of microbial enzymes in thrombosis therapy.
•Shock wave application for metabolite extraction is demonstrated for the first time.•Shock wave-assisted extraction is fast, easy-to-use, reliable, and non-destructive.•Shock wave-assisted ...extraction from E. polystachya is superior to ultrasound.•Shock wave-assisted extraction is more compound selective than Soxhlet extraction.•Antioxidant capacity of compounds in E. polystachya is reported for the first time.
Phenolic compounds, obtained from plants are important in the food, biomaterial and pharmaceutical industries; however current extraction methods, such as Soxhlet (solid-liquid) extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and ultrasonic extraction (USE), have the disadvantages of large processing times, contamination by solvents, and degradation of analytes. This study demonstrates that shock wave-assisted extraction can be used as a more efficient, eco-friendly and rapid method. Extraction of powdered samples of Eysenhardtia polystachia heartwood, a plant with high concentration of phenolic compounds, exposed to different doses of underwater shock waves, was compared with the conventional methods. Our results revealed that shock wave-assisted extraction (1500 shock waves with a peak positive pressure of approximately 88 MPa) produced 34.54% and 31.95% higher contents than Soxhlet and USE, respectively. Extraction times using shock waves were much shorter than with all other methods tested, proving that it is an attractive method to obtain both phenolic acids and flavonoids without the need for organic solvents. Furthermore, shock waves produced a significantly higher content of total reducing sugars than Soxhlet extraction and less phenolic acids which gives the insight of a more selective extraction of components.
Este artículo es una aproximación al estado del arte de dos campos heterogéneos del saber que se actualizan en la escuela del siglo XXI: la filosofía escolar y el enfoque educativo STEM. Ambos campos ...se encuentran en tensión, pues la educación STEM agencia la transformación de la escuela para la cuarta revolución industrial (educación 4.0) y la filosofía escolar se perfila como un saber sometido por la proliferación de discursos que centran su atención en saberes técnico-científicos. Los documentos revisados se presentan inicialmente con el fin de establecer las temáticas de mayor recurrencia y localizar allí las intensidades que relacionan un documento con otro. Todo esto, atendiendo a la “pragmática de la multiplicidad” propuesta por Deleuze y Guattari (2015). Al estabilizar las intensidades en un plano de consistencia se presentan dos ejes de tensión, el primero va de la transposición didáctica de la filosofía como saber escolar a las competencias del siglo XXI, el segundo tensiona los enfoques educativos de la filosofía escolar con las prácticas educativas en ingeniería. Se concluye que en el campo investigativo de la educación en Colombia existe un vacío teórico sobre la relación entre educación STEM y filosofía escolar, vacío que puede llenarse con investigaciones que amplifiquen las tensiones expuestas en este artículo.
In this work, the influence of the
alga extract on the morphological characteristics of synthesized ZnO nanostructures, with potential biological and environmental applications, was evaluated. For ...this purpose, different ZnO geometries were synthesized by the co-precipitation method, using
alga extract as stabilizing agent. Four extract volumes (5, 10, 20, and 50 mL) were evaluated to obtain the different nanostructures. Moreover, a sample by chemical synthesis, without the addition of extract, was prepared. The characterization of the ZnO samples was carried out by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the
alga extract has a fundamental role in the stabilization process of the ZnO nanoparticles. In addition, it was shown that the increase in the
alga extract leads to preferential growth and arrangement, obtaining well-defined shaped particles. ZnO nanostructures demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory response by the in vitro egg albumin protein denaturation for biological purposes. Additionally, quantitative antibacterial analysis (AA) showed that the ZnO nanostructures synthesized with 10 and 20 mL of extract demonstrated high AA against Gram (+)
and moderate AA behavior against Gram (-)
, depending on the ZnO arrangement induced by the
alga extract and the nanoparticles' concentration (ca. 3200 µg/mL). Additionally, ZnO samples were evaluated as photocatalytic materials through the degradation of organic dyes. Complete degradation of both methyl violet and malachite green were achieved using the ZnO sample synthesized with 50 mL of extract. In all cases, the well-defined morphology of ZnO induced by the
alga extract played a key role in the combined biological/environmental performance.
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