We demonstrate the use of a ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate as a rotation sensor by measuring the interference between two counter-propagating phonon modes imprinted azimuthally around the ring. ...We observe rapid decay of the excitations, quantified by quality factors of at most Q ≈ 27. We numerically model our experiment using the c-field methodology, allowing us to estimate the parameters that maximise the performance of our sensor. We explore the damping mechanisms underlying the observed phonon decay, and identify two distinct Landau scattering processes that each dominate at different driving amplitudes and temperatures. Our simulations reveal that Q is limited by strong damping of phonons even in the zero temperature limit. We perform an experimental proof-of-principle rotation measurement using persistent currents imprinted around the ring. We demonstrate a rotation sensitivity of up to
\Delta \Omega ≈ 0.3 rad s^{-1}
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from a single image, with a theoretically achievable value of
\Delta \Omega ≈ 0.04 rad s^{-1}
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in the atomic shot-noise limit. This is a significant improvement over the shot-noise-limited
\Delta \Omega ≈ 1 rad s^{-1}
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sensitivity obtained by Marti et al. Phys. Rev. A 91, 013602 (2015) for a similar setup.
Les pertes de substance maxillo-faciales souvent pluritissulaires relèvent d’une reconstruction par lambeaux composites. Le lambeau ostéo-fascio-cutané antébrachial radial (LOFCAR) est l’un des moins ...utilisé. Nous présentons nos résultats de reconstruction maxillo-faciale avec ce lambeau.
Nous avons repris les dossiers des patients reconstruits par LOFCAR entre 2009 et 2011. Les pertes de substance mandibulaires ont été classées selon la classification HCL, les maxillaires selon celle de Cordeiro-Santamaria. Les résultats fonctionnels (déglutition et élocution) ont été analysés à partir du sixième mois.
L’âge moyen des dix patients était de 60,2ans. La perte de substance osseuse moyenne était de 8cm, la cutanée de 36,8cm2. La perte de substance mandibulaire était classée LCL dans six cas, L dans un cas et C dans un cas. Les deux pertes de substance maxillaires étaient de type IIIa. Six anastomoses vasculaires sur dix ont été controlatérales à la lésion. Il n’y a pas eu d’échec de reconstruction. Trois patients avaient des troubles minimes de l’élocution, cinq des troubles modérés et deux des troubles majeurs. Quatre patients s’alimentaient normalement, trois avec une alimentation mixée et trois avec une alimentation liquide. Après 12,5mois, un patient était décédé, et un autre présentait une ostéo-radionécrose.
Les indications de LOFCAR dans les reconstructions complexes maxillo-faciales devraient être plus larges. Sa vascularisation est moins altérée par l’artérite. Son pédicule peut être très long et s’adapter à une anastomose controlatérale. Il est fiable et facile à prélever. Mais sa composante osseuse est de moins bonne qualité que celle d’un lambeau de fibula.
Maxillofacial defects often affect various type of tissues and require reconstruction using composite flaps. The radial forearm osteofasciocutaneous free flap is one of the least used. We present the preliminary results of maxillofacial reconstruction using this free flap.
We reviewed the records of patients having undergone a radial forearm osteofasciocutaneous flap procedure between 2009 and 2011. Mandibular defect were staged according to HCL classification. Maxillary defects were staged according to Cordeiro and Santamaria's classification. Functional results (swallowing and speech) were assessed at the sixth month.
The mean age of the 10 patients was 60.2years. The average length of bone defect was 8cm. The average cutaneous defect area was 36.8cm2. The mandibular defect was LCL in six cases, L in one case, and C in one case. The two cases of maxillary bone loss were classified IIIa. Six of the 10 microsurgical anastomoses were contralateral to the lesion. There was no reconstruction failure. Three patients had mild speech disorders, five had moderate speech disorders, and two major speech disorders. Four patients had a normal food intake, three patients needed mixed food, and three patients liquid food.
The indications of radial forearm osteofasciocutaneous free flap for complex maxillofacial reconstructions should be extended. Its vascularization is less compromised by arteritis. Its pedicle may be long and adequate for a contralateral anastomosis. It is reliable and easy to harvest. But the bone quality is not as good as fibula.
We study rare three-body decays of the omega baryon using SU(3) chiral perturbation theory, the successful effective field theory of quantum chromodynamics at low energies. At leading order, we ...calculate the branching fractions of the decay omega- -> Xi pi pi for all possible combinations of pions. For one channel, we find an order-of-magnitude discrepancy between theory and experiment. This tension is known to exist in the nonrelativistic limit, and we confirm that it remains in the relativistic calculation. Fairly independent of the values of the low-energy constants, we establish lower limits for the branching fractions of these three -body omega decays, which reaffirm the gap between theory and experiment. We point out that this discrepancy is closely tied to the Delta I = 1=2 selection rule. In turn, this means that the three-body decays constitute an interesting tool to scrutinize the selection rule. Using next-to-leading-order calculations, we also provide predictions for the decay omega- -> Xi 0 mu-nu over bar mu. We show that fully differential distributions will provide access to low-energy constants needed in the axial-vector transitions from a decuplet to octet baryon. Since data for all of these rare three-body omega decays are scarce (fully differential data are nonexistent), we recommend that they be remeasured at running and upcoming experiments, such as BESIII, LHCb, Belle-II, and PANDA.
Introduction
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the best currently available evidence from randomized controlled trials comparing pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) ...or low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) bone growth stimulation with placebo for acute fractures.
Materials and methods
We performed a systematic literature search of the medical literature from 1980 to 2013 for randomized clinical trials concerning acute fractures in adults treated with PEMF or LIPUS. Two reviewers independently determined the strength of the included studies by assessing the risk of bias according to the criteria in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.
Results
Seven hundred and thirty-seven patients from 13 trials were included. Pooled results from 13 trials reporting proportion of nonunion showed no significant difference between PEMF or LIPUS and control. With regard to time to radiological union, we found heterogeneous results that significantly favoured PEMF or LIPUS bone growth stimulation only in non-operatively treated fractures or fractures of the upper limb. Furthermore, we found significant results that suggest that the use of PEMF or LIPUS in acute diaphyseal fractures may accelerate the time to clinical union.
Conclusions
Current evidence from randomized trials is insufficient to conclude a benefit of PEMF or LIPUS bone growth stimulation in reducing the incidence of nonunions when used for treatment in acute fractures. However, our systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that PEMF or LIPUS can be beneficial in the treatment of acute fractures regarding time to radiological and clinical union. PEMF and LIPUS significantly shorten time to radiological union for acute fractures undergoing non-operative treatment and acute fractures of the upper limb. Furthermore, PEMF or LIPUS bone growth stimulation accelerates the time to clinical union for acute diaphyseal fractures.
Recent years have seen much activity in searches for dark-sector messenger particles in the 10–100 MeV mass range, especially in view of a potential new light boson conjectured by the ATOMKI ...Collaboration, X17. Under the assumption that the messenger particle has definite parity and either zero or unit spin, quite stringent bounds already exist on its coupling to electrons and protons. Equally stringent bounds on the neutron coupling do not exist yet, but are nonetheless desirable. We explore how measurements of deuteron photodisintegration with a quasifree neutron can yield bounds on the neutron coupling, and compute projections for a potential measurement at the low-energy high-intensity electron scattering experiment MAGIX@MESA. The projected bounds are found to be competitive for an axial-vector or pseudoscalar scenario, but not for a vector or scalar scenario. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
SummaryBackgroundTrastuzumab duocarmazine is a novel HER2-targeting antibody–drug conjugate comprised of trastuzumab covalently bound to a linker drug containing duocarmycin. Preclinical studies ...showed promising antitumour activity in various models. In this first-in-human study, we assessed the safety and activity of trastuzumab duocarmazine in patients with advanced solid tumours. MethodsWe did a phase 1 dose-escalation and dose-expansion study. The dose-escalation cohort comprised patients aged 18 years or older enrolled from three academic hospitals in Belgium, the Netherlands, and the UK with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumours with variable HER2 status who were refractory to standard cancer treatment. A separate cohort of patients were enrolled to the dose-expansion phase from 15 hospitals in Belgium, the Netherlands, Spain, and the UK. Dose-expansion cohorts included patients aged 18 years or older with breast, gastric, urothelial, or endometrial cancer with at least HER2 immunohistochemistry 1+ expression and measurable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Trastuzumab duocarmazine was administered intravenously on day 1 of each 3-week cycle. In the dose-escalation phase, trastuzumab duocarmazine was given at doses of 0·3 mg/kg to 2·4 mg/kg (3 + 3 design) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint of the dose-escalation phase was to assess safety and ascertain the recommended phase 2 dose, which would be the dose used in the dose-expansion phase. The primary endpoint of the dose-expansion phase was the proportion of patients achieving an objective response (complete response or partial response), as assessed by the investigator using RECIST version 1.1. This ongoing study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02277717, and is fully recruited. FindingsBetween Oct 30, 2014, and April 2, 2018, 39 patients were enrolled and treated in the dose-escalation phase and 146 patients were enrolled and treated in the dose-expansion phase. One dose-limiting toxic effect (death from pneumonitis) occurred at the highest administered dose (2·4 mg/kg) in the dose-escalation phase. One further death occurred in the dose-escalation phase (1·5 mg/kg cohort) due to disease progression, which was attributed to general physical health decline. Grade 3–4 treatment-related adverse events reported more than once in the dose-escalation phase were keratitis (n=3) and fatigue (n=2). Based on all available data, the recommended phase 2 dose was set at 1·2 mg/kg. In the dose-expansion phase, treatment-related serious adverse events were reported in 16 (11%) of 146 patients, most commonly infusion-related reactions (two 1%) and dyspnoea (two 1%). The most common treatment-related adverse events (grades 1–4) were fatigue (48 33% of 146 patients), conjunctivitis (45 31%), and dry eye (45 31%). Most patients (104 71% of 146) had at least one ocular adverse event, with grade 3 events reported in ten (7%) of 146 patients. No patients died from treatment-related adverse events and four patients died due to disease progression, which were attributed to hepatic failure (n=1), upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage (n=1), neurological decompensation (n=1), and renal failure (n=1). In the breast cancer dose-expansion cohorts, 16 (33%, 95% CI 20·4–48·4) of 48 assessable patients with HER2-positive breast cancer achieved an objective response (all partial responses) according to RECIST. Nine (28%, 95% CI 13·8–46·8) of 32 patients with HER2-low, hormone receptor-positive breast cancer and six (40%, 16·3–67·6) of 15 patients with HER2-low, hormone receptor-negative breast cancer achieved an objective response (all partial responses). Partial responses were also observed in one (6%, 95% CI 0·2–30·2) of 16 patients with gastric cancer, four (25%, 7·3–52·4) of 16 patients with urothelial cancer, and five (39%, 13·9–68·4) of 13 patients with endometrial cancer. InterpretationTrastuzumab duocarmazine shows notable clinical activity in heavily pretreated patients with HER2-expressing metastatic cancer, including HER2-positive trastuzumab emtansine-resistant and HER2-low breast cancer, with a manageable safety profile. Further investigation of trastuzumab duocarmazine for HER2-positive breast cancer is ongoing and trials for HER2-low breast cancer and other HER2-expressing cancers are in preparation. FundingSynthon Biopharmaceuticals.
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