Air quality time series consists of complex linear and non-linear patterns and are difficult to forecast. Box–Jenkins Time Series (ARIMA) and multilinear regression (MLR) models have been applied to ...air quality forecasting in urban areas, but they have limited accuracy owing to their inability to predict extreme events. Artificial neural networks (ANN) can recognize non-linear patterns that include extremes. A novel hybrid model combining ARIMA and ANN to improve forecast accuracy for an area with limited air quality and meteorological data was applied to Temuco, Chile, where residential wood burning is a major pollution source during cold winters, using surface meteorological and PM
10 measurements. Experimental results indicated that the hybrid model can be an effective tool to improve the PM
10 forecasting accuracy obtained by either of the models used separately, and compared with a deterministic MLR. The hybrid model was able to capture 100% and 80% of alert and pre-emergency episodes, respectively. This approach demonstrates the potential to be applied to air quality forecasting in other cities and countries.
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities that include central obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance and atherogenic dyslipidemia. It is considered a public ...health problem and its early diagnosis is essential. Currently, the potential usefulness of novel composite measures such as body shape index (ABSI), visceral adiposity index (VAI) and body roundness index (BRI) has been reported. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the database of a private clinic in Lima, Peru. The study population consisted of adults with BMI>30kg/m2 who underwent bariatric surgery between 2017-2020. The outcome was MetS, defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria for Latin population. ABSI, VAI and BRI values were calculated according to formulas reported in the literature. To evaluate diagnostic performance, areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were constructed and cut-off points were estimated using Youden's method. Subsequently, we assessed the association between each of the three dichotomized measures (according to the cut-off point) with MetS using generalized linear models with Poisson family, log link function and robust variances. Analyses were presented stratified by sex. Results: Data from 262 participants were analyzed. The prevalence of MetS was 54.2%. Overall, the AUC for ABSI, VAI and BRI were 0.57, 0.91 and 0.57, respectively. The VAI cutoff points for males and females were 1.97 and 2.76, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, elevated VAI, in the whole sample, was associated with an increased likelihood of MetS (PRa: 3.2; 95% CI: 2.51 - 4.08; p<0.001). Similar results were obtained in the female (PRa: 4.08; 95% CI: 2.80 - 5.95; p<0.001) and male (PRa: 2.38; 95% CI: 1.76 - 3.22; p<0.001) populations. Conclusions: The Visceral Adiposity Index has a good diagnostic performance for metabolic syndrome. It is recommended for use as a rapid screening method in adults with obesity.
Fuzzy model-based observers for fault detection in CSTR Ballesteros-Moncada, Hazael; Herrera-López, Enrique J.; Anzurez-Marín, Juan
ISA transactions,
November 2015, 2015-Nov, 2015-11-00, 20151101, Letnik:
59
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Under the vast variety of fuzzy model-based observers reported in the literature, what would be the properone to be used for fault detection in a class of chemical reactor? In this study four fuzzy ...model-based observers for sensor fault detection of a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor were designed and compared. The designs include (i) a Luenberger fuzzy observer, (ii) a Luenberger fuzzy observer with sliding modes, (iii) a Walcott–Zak fuzzy observer, and (iv) an Utkin fuzzy observer. A negative, an oscillating fault signal, and a bounded random noise signal with a maximum value of ±0.4 were used to evaluate and compare the performance of the fuzzy observers. The Utkin fuzzy observer showed the best performance under the tested conditions.
•Four fuzzy model-based observers were designed for fault detection in a CSTR.•Diverse faults and a noise signal were induced in the CSTR system.•All the fuzzy observers were able to detect the faults.•The Walcott–Zak fuzzy observer had the best performance when no fault was induced.•The Utkin fuzzy observer had the best performance when the faults were induced.
Autism and Paediatric Dentistry: A Scoping Review Herrera-Moncada, Mónica; Campos-Lara, Phenélope; Hernández-Cabanillas, Juan Carlos ...
Oral health & preventive dentistry,
2019, Letnik:
17, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The objectives of this scoping review were: first, to pose a research question; second, to identify relevant studies to answer the research question; third, to select and retrieve the studies; ...fourth, to chart the critical data; and finally, to collate, summarise, and report the results from selected articles on the dental management of children affected with autism.
Relevant articles (randomised controlled trials, reviews, observational studies, and clinical case reports) published over an 11-year period were identified and retrieved from five internet databases: PubMed, Embase/Ovid, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and EBSCO.
By title and abstract screening and after removing duplicates, 25 articles were finally included in the present scoping review. According to the extracted data, the following four clinical issues were found to be most important: patient behavioural control, prevalence/incidence of dental caries, adverse effects and interactions with medications, and orthodontic management. Additionally, several useful clinical recommendations are provided.
Paediatric dentists should bear in mind that early diagnosis and treatment, effective communication skills, and a long-term follow-up of children with autism continue to be the best approaches for achieving enhanced patient psychological well-being and consequently a better quality of life.
To study a new series of 1,2,3triazolo1,5-αpyridine derivatives as trypanocidal agents because current antichagasic pharmacologic therapy is only partially effective.
The effect of the series upon
...epimastigotes and murine macrophages viability, cell cycle, cell death and on the metabolites of the sterol biosynthesis pathway was measured; also, docking in 14α-demethylase was analyzed.
Compound
inhibits 14α-demethylase producing an imbalance in the cholesterol/ergosterol synthesis pathway, as suggested by a metabolic control and theoretical docking analysis. Consequently, it prevented cell proliferation, stopping the cellular cycle at the G2/M phase, inducing cell death.
Although the exact cell death mechanism remained elusive, this series can be used for the further rational design of novel antiparasitic molecules.
Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a type of diabetes mellitus showing overlapping characteristics between type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), and autoimmunity ...against insulin-producing pancreatic cells. For its diagnosis, at least one type of anti-pancreatic islet antibody (GADAb is the most common) is required. Many authors recommend performing this measure in all newly diagnosed patients with DM, but it is not possible in Primary Health Care (PHC) due to its high cost. Currently, a relevant proportion of patients diagnosed as T2DM could be LADA. Confusing LADA with T2DM has clinical and safety implications, given its different therapeutic approach. The main objective of the study is to develop and validate a clinical score for identifying adult patients with DM at high risk of LADA in PHC.
This is an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in Primary Care Health Centers with a centralized laboratory. All people over 30 years of age diagnosed with diabetes within a minimum of 6 months and a maximum of 4 years before the start of the study will be recruited. Individuals will be recruited by consecutive sampling. The study variables will be obtained through clinical interviews, physical examinations, and electronic medical records. The following variables will be recorded: those related to Diabetes Mellitus, sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle habits, laboratory parameters, presence of comorbidities, additional treatments, personal or family autoimmune disorders, self-perceived health status, Fourlanos criteria, and LADA diagnosis (as main variable) according to current criteria.
The study will provide an effective method for identifying patients at increased risk of LADA and, therefore, candidates for antibody testing. However, a slight participation bias is to be expected. Differences between participants and non-participants will be studied to quantify this potential bias.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The presence of fetal megacystis in a renal ultrasound may suggest a mechanical or functional bladder outlet obstruction, an uncommon condition with a poor outcome.
To determine prog nostic factors ...in fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of megacystis.
Retrospective study carried out between 2003 and 2018 in the Orient Perinatal Reference Center (CERPO), Uni versity of Chile. Prenatal and postnatal data were analyzed, as well as etiology, pulmonary hypoplasia, medical and surgical treatment, mortality, renal function, and need for renal replacement therapy. The primary variable analyzed was survival at one year, and the secondary ones were renal function and predictors of survival. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U tests or Fisher test, and a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Twenty-five fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of megacystis were included. 52% of them presented oligohydramnios and 84% showed renal anomalies. Vesicocentesis was performed in 15 fetuses and vesicoamniotic shunt was performed in 5 cases. There were 6 intrauterine fetal deaths (24%) and, among the 19 live births, 9 died soon after birth (36%) and 1 died in the post-neonatal period due to a non-nephron-urological cause. Nine newborns survived by one year of age (36%), seven of them with associated nephron- urological anomaly, and two were healthy patients. Two patients developed chronic kidney disease. The presence of pulmonary hypoplasia was the only factor associated with increased perinatal mor tality (p<0.05) secondary to oligohydramnios in all cases. Oligohydramnios was not identified as a prognostic factor in this study.
The prenatal diagnosis of megacystis comprises a wide spectrum of pathologies including conditions with a high perinatal mortality rate to healthy fetuses with transient enlarged bladder without nephron-urological pathology. The only factor associated with increased perinatal mortality was pulmonary hypoplasia.
The presence of fetal megacystis in a renal ultrasound may suggest a mechanical or functional bladder outlet obstruction, an uncommon condition with a poor outcome.
To determine prog nostic factors ...in fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of megacystis.
Retrospective study carried out between 2003 and 2018 in the Orient Perinatal Reference Center (CERPO), Uni versity of Chile. Prenatal and postnatal data were analyzed, as well as etiology, pulmonary hypoplasia, medical and surgical treatment, mortality, renal function, and need for renal replacement therapy. The primary variable analyzed was survival at one year, and the secondary ones were renal function and predictors of survival. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U tests or Fisher test, and a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Twenty-five fetuses with prenatal diagnosis of megacystis were included. 52% of them presented oligohydramnios and 84% showed renal anomalies. Vesicocentesis was performed in 15 fetuses and vesicoamniotic shunt was performed in 5 cases. There were 6 intrauterine fetal deaths (24%) and, among the 19 live births, 9 died soon after birth (36%) and 1 died in the post-neonatal period due to a non-nephron-urological cause. Nine newborns survived by one year of age (36%), seven of them with associated nephron- urological anomaly, and two were healthy patients. Two patients developed chronic kidney disease. The presence of pulmonary hypoplasia was the only factor associated with increased perinatal mor tality (p<0.05) secondary to oligohydramnios in all cases. Oligohydramnios was not identified as a prognostic factor in this study.
The prenatal diagnosis of megacystis comprises a wide spectrum of pathologies including conditions with a high perinatal mortality rate to healthy fetuses with transient enlarged bladder without nephron-urological pathology. The only factor associated with increased perinatal mortality was pulmonary hypoplasia.
Resumen: El hallazgo de megavejiga en una ecografía prenatal sugiere una obstrucción mecánica o funcional al vaciamiento vesical, condición infrecuente y habitualmente de mal pronóstico. Objetivo: ...determinar factores asociados a sobrevida en pacientes con diagnóstico prenatal de megavejiga. Pacientes y Méto do: Estudio retrospectivo de fetos con diagnóstico prenatal de megavejiga, entre los años 2003 y 2018 en Centro de Referencia Perinatal Oriente (CERPO), Universidad de Chile. Se analizaron variables prenatales y postnatales, diagnóstico etiológico, hipoplasia pulmonar, tratamiento médico quirúrgico, mortalidad, función renal y terapia de reemplazo renal. La variable principal analizada fue la sobrevida al año, y las variables secundarias fueron la función renal y los factores predictores de sobrevida. Se rea lizó un análisis univariado con Test de U Mann Whitney y Fisher, y se definió como estadísticamente significativo un p < 0,05. Resultados: Se incluyeron 25 fetos con diagnóstico prenatal de megavejiga. El 52% presentó oligohidroamnios y un 84% alteraciones renales. Se realizó vesicocentesis diagnóstica en 15 fetos, con instalación de shunt derivativo vesicoamniótico en 5 casos. Hubo 6 mortinatos (24%), y de los 19 nacidos vivos 9 fallecieron en el período neonatal precoz (36%) y uno a los 8 meses de edad de causa no nefrourológica. Nueve pacientes sobrevivieron al año de vida (36%), 2 pacientes sanos sin alteración nefrourológica y 7 pacientes presentaron patología nefrourológica. Dos pacientes evolucio naron con enfermedad renal crónica terminal. Sólo la presencia de hipoplasia pulmonar se relacionó con mayor mortalidad perinatal (p < 0,05) asociada en todos los casos a oligohidroamnios. El oligo-hidroamnios no fue un factor de mal pronóstico en esta serie. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico prenatal de megavejiga comprende un amplio espectro de patologías, desde condiciones con alta mortalidad perinatal a pacientes sanos con dilatación vesical transitoria sin patología nefrourológica. Se identificó como único factor asociado a mayor mortalidad la presencia de hipoplasia pulmonar.
Purpose
The aim of the present study was to analyse current surgical treatment preferences for anal fistula (AF) and its subtypes and nationwide results in terms of success and complications.
Methods
...A retrospective multicentre observational cohort study was conducted. The study period was 1 year (2019), with a follow-up period of at least 1 year. A descriptive analysis of patient characteristics and trends regarding technical options was performed. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to analyse factors associated with healing and faecal incontinence (FI).
Results
Fifty-one hospitals were involved, providing data on 1628 patients with AF. At a median follow-up of 18.3 (9.9–28.3) months, 1231 (75.9%) patients achieved healing, while 390 (24.1%) did not; failure was catalogued as persistence in 279 (17.2.0%) patients and as recurrence in 111 (6.8%). On multivariate analysis, factors associated with healing were fistulotomy (OR 5.5; 95% CI 3.8–7.9;
p
< 0.001), simple fistula (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.5–2.8;
p
< 0.001), single tract (HR 1.9; 95% CI 1.3–2.8;
p
< 0.001) and number of preparatory surgeries (none vs. 3; HR 1.8; 95% CI 1.2–2.8;
p
= 0.006). Regarding de novo FI, in the multivariate analysis previous anal surgery (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0–2.4,
p
= 0.037), age (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.04,
p
= 0.002) and being female (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.5,
p
= 0.008) were statistically related.
Conclusions
Anal fistulotomy is the most used procedure for AF, especially for simple AF, with a favourable overall balance between healing and continence impairment. Sphincter-sparing or minimally invasive sphincter-sparing techniques resulted in lower rates of healing. In spite of their intended sphincter-sparing design, a certain degree of FI was observed for several of these techniques.
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