Estudios locales sobre sustentabilidad del cultivo de vid en la provincia de San Juan, Argentina, han demostrado que el manejo tradicional del cultivo presenta un alto grado de insustentabilidad. ...Esto se debe a un inadecuado manejo de suelo, pérdida de biodiversidad y una dependencia del 100 % de insumos externos. Bajo este escenario, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el manejo tradicional de suelo que realizan los productores locales, en comparación con manejos agroecológicos y su impacto sobre la composición química de suelo, rendimiento y calidad de la cv Malbec
Vitis vinífera L.
Los tratamientos fueron,
Control: manejo tradicional
(fertilizante sintético N 46, 100 kg ha
-1
),
Compost
(subproductos agroindustriales, CE 8980, pH 7.1, N 1.61, P 1.08, K 0.34, MO 27.8, 32000 kg ha
-1
),
Guano de gallina
(CE 9080, pH 7.3, N 2.00, P 1.5, K 0.29, MO 30.5, 32000 kg ha
-1
). Los tratamientos se llevaron a cabo durante tres temporadas 2019, 2020 y 2021. En el control se eliminaron las malezas con glifosato 36 %, (eliminación del 100% de la vegetación), mientras que en los tratamientos compost y guano, se mantuvo la vegetación espontánea con desbrozadora cada 20 días. Todos los tratamientos tuvieron efecto sobre la composición química del suelo, siendo el compost quien obtuvo los mayores valores, logrando incrementos del 40% N, 50% P, 19% K y 14% MO comparados con el control. Adicionalmente, el compost mantuvo el rendimiento y calidad de racimos. Sumado a los beneficios mencionados, el tratamiento a base de compost permite disminuir el uso de agroquímicos, la contaminación y la degradación del suelo e incrementar la biodiversidad mediante el mantenimiento de la vegetación espontánea.
Local studies on the sustainability of grapevine cultivation in the province of San Juan, Argentina, have shown that the traditional management of the crop is highly unsustainable. This is due to inadequate soil management, biodiversity loss and a 100% dependence on external inputs. Under this scenario, the objective of this study was to evaluate the traditional soil management carried out by local producers, in comparison with agroecological management and its impact on the chemical composition of the soil, yield and quality of the cv Malbec
Vitis vinifera
L. The treatments were, Control: traditional management (synthetic fertilizer N 46, 100 kg ha
-1
), Compost (agroindustrial byproducts, CE 8980, pH 7.1, N 1.61, P1.08, K 0.34, MO 27.8, 32000 kg ha
-1
), chicken manure (CE 9080, pH 7.3, N 2.00, P 1.5, K 0.29, MO 30.5, 32000 kg ha
-1
). The treatments were carried out during three seasons 2019, 2020 and 2021. Weed control was carried out with 36% glyphosate, (elimination of 100% of the vegetation) in the control, while in the compost and chicken manure treatments, spontaneous vegetation was maintained with a brush cutter every 20 days. All treatments had an effect on the chemical composition of the soil, with compost obtaining the highest values, achieving increases of 40% N, 50% P, 19% K and 14% MO compared to the control. Furthermore, the compost maintained the yield and bunches quality. In addition to the aforementioned benefits, the compost-based treatment makes it possible to reduce the use of agrochemicals, contamination and soil degradation, and increase biodiversity by maintaining spontaneous vegetation.
Olive oil is one of the main products from the Central-Western Region of Argentine Republic, which is mostly obtained by continuous two-phase centrifugation systems. Two-phase-olive-mill-waste ...(TPOMW) or Alperujo is the main waste generated by this process. This research was conducted in order to give value to this waste by producing hydrochar and phenolic antioxidant compounds, products of great interest today.
For this, the hydrothermal carbonization process was applied, an effective technique to synthesize a broad range of carbon-rich materials. In this study the extraction of typical phenolic compounds of the olive from the liquid phase generated in this process was also analyzed.
Box Benhken response surface method was applied to obtain the optimal values of the operating conditions of the process and the selected response variables: higher heating value of the hydrochar (HHV) and content of total phenol concentration (TPC) in the liquors. Values of 31.70 MJ.kg-1 and 4429 mL.g-1 were obtained, respectively.
Effectiveness of hydrothermal carbonization for hydrochar was evidenced, achieving 70% increases in the value of HHV and 40% of carbon concentration, compared to raw alperujo. In addition, values of 1.36 and 0.17 were obtained for the H/C and O/C ratios, respectively, and energy yield of 85%. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, showed their potential application as adsorbent precursor.
In the liquid fraction obtained, phenols could be extracted in attractive concentrations, increasing the content of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol 3 and 9 times with respect to the untreated alperujo, respectively.
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•Two phase olive mill waste have great potential to obtain products with high value.•Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is suitable for treating wet materials as alperujo.•Hydrochars from alperujo have excellent energy properties and potential applications.•Liquids from HTC contain phenolic compounds with excellent antioxidant properties.•Hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol could be extracted in attractive concentrations.
Olive oil production using the two-phase extraction system generates large amounts of biomass named alperujo, which has high percentage of water, slightly acidic pH, and high concentration of salts, ...organic matter, and phenolic compounds. Due to the presence of these components, alperujo is a significant source of environmental pollution, hindering the disposal of this waste. Nevertheless, some phenolic compounds such as tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, have high nutraceutical and antioxidant power and could have potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. This work aimed to evaluate the ability of different alperujo-derived media, with different levels of phenolic compounds, to sustain the growth and carotenoid production by yeasts from Rhodotorula genera (R. mucilaginosa LPSC 638, R. glutinis Y54, and R. graminis Y52), as well as to prospect the biotechnological production of carotenoids in these media. The yeasts grew and produced carotenoids in all media, although growth was better in dephenolized media. The highest amount of carotenoids (43.0 ± 3.1 mg/g dry yeast) was obtained with R. glutinis Y54 grown in a thermally treated and dephenolized medium. Our study represents a novel approach to valorize alperujo with a dual benefit, the recovery of valuable compounds, i. e. phenolic compounds, and the bioproduction of new ones, i.e. carotenoids.
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•Alperujo-derived mediums are suitable for bioprocess.•Dephenolization improves Rhodotorula growth and carotenoid production.•Rhodothorula growth reduces alperujo-derived mediums phytotoxicity.•Using Rhodotorula strains isolated from olive brines improves the whole process.•Dephenolization and use of endogenous strains gave higher carotenoid production.
Assembly of the cytosolic coat protein I (COPI) complex at the ER-Golgi interface is directed by the ADP ribosylation factor1 (Arf1) and its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GBF1). Rab1b GTPase ...modulates COPI recruitment, but the molecular mechanism underlying this action remains unclear. Our data reveal that in vivo expression of the GTP-restricted Rab1b mutant (Rab1Q67L) increased the association of GBF1 and COPI to peripheral structures localized at the ER exit sites (ERES) interface. Active Rab1b also stabilized Arf1 on Golgi membranes. Furthermore, we characterized GBF1 as a new Rab1b effector, and showed that its N-terminal domain was involved in this interaction. Rab1b small interfering RNA oligonucleotide assays suggested that Rab1b was required for GBF1 membrane association. To further understand how Rab1b functions in ER-to-Golgi transport, we analyzed GFP-Rab1b dynamics in HeLa cells. Time-lapse microscopy indicated that the majority of the Rab1b-labeled punctuated structures are relatively short-lived with limited-range movements. FRAP of Golgi GFP-Rab1bwt showed rapid recovery (t(1/2) 120 s) with minimal dependence on microtubules. Our data support a model where Rab1b-GTP induces GBF1 recruitment at the ERES interface and at the Golgi complex where it is required for COPII/COPI exchange or COPI vesicle formation, respectively.
Rab1b belongs to the Rab-GTPase family that regulates membrane trafficking and signal transduction systems able to control diverse cellular activities, including gene expression. Rab1b is essential ...for endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport. Although it is ubiquitously expressed, its mRNA levels vary among different tissues. This work aims to characterize the role of the high Rab1b levels detected in some secretory tissues. We report that, in HeLa cells, an increase in Rab1b levels induces changes in Golgi size and gene expression. Significantly, analyses applied to selected genes, KDELR3, GM130 (involved in membrane transport), and the proto-oncogene JUN, indicate that the Rab1b increase acts as a molecular switch to control the expression of these genes at the transcriptional level, resulting in changes at the protein level. These Rab1b-dependent changes require the activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein consensus binding site in those target promoter regions. Moreover, our results reveal that, in a secretory thyroid cell line (FRTL5), Rab1b expression increases in response to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Additionally, changes in Rab1b expression in FRTL5 cells modify the specific TSH response. Our results show, for the first time, that changes in Rab1b levels modulate gene transcription and strongly suggest that a Rab1b increase is required to elicit a secretory response.
Role of Rab1b in COPII dynamics and function Slavin, Ileana; García, Iris A.; Monetta, Pablo ...
European journal of cell biology,
04/2011, Letnik:
90, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In eukaryotic cells, proteins destined for secretion are translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and packaged into so-called COPII-coated vesicles. In the ER exit sites (ERES), COPII has the ...capacity of deforming the lipid bilayer, where it modulates the selective sorting and concentration of cargo proteins. In this study, we analyze the involvement of Rab1b in COPII dynamics and function by expressing either the Rab1b negative-mutant (Rab1N121I) or the Rab1b GTP restricted mutant (Rab1Q67L), or performing short interference RNA-based knockdown. We show that Rab1b interacts with the COPII components Sec23, Sec24 and Sec31 and that Rab1b inhibition changes the COPII phenotype. FRAP assays reveal that Rab1b modulates COPII association/dissociation kinetics at the ERES interface. Furthermore, Rab1b inhibition delays cargo sorting at the ER exit sites. We postulate that Rab1b is a key regulatory component of COPII dynamics and function.
Two-phase olive oil mills generate a semi-solid waste made of olive pulp, olive stone, and vegetation water commonly called ‘alperujo’. Lack of disposal alternatives drives many Argentinean olive oil ...producers to apply it directly as soil amendment to the olive orchards. Even though this practice has been widely evaluated in Mediterranean countries, there is little agreement on the environmental impact that it may produce. In this work a surface layer of alperujo was applied to a high-density, drip-irrigated olive orchard, and different parameters were monitored. This report summarises the dynamics of soil chemical properties during the first 200 days after application. The results obtained showed that soil amended with alperujo increased total organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N) and available potassium (K), without affecting soil electrical conductivity (EC), pH and C/N ratio. The results suggest that surface application of alperujo may represent an attractive alternative to disposal under conservationist management. Further research evaluating long term effects on chemical and biological indicators must be performed to ensure the sustainability of alperujo as soil amendment.
El arroz es un cultivo que requiere gran cantidad de agua a lo largo de todo su ciclo productivo para garantizar un buen rendimiento, lo que lleva a un gasto de agua mayor en comparación con otros ...cultivos. Uruguay siembra alrededor de 160.000 ha/año, lo que demanda unos 1.760 hm3/año de agua, obteniendo valores promedio de productividad muy altos a nivel internacional de 9.000 kg/ha. El riego por lo general se hace por inundación, conduciendo el agua a través de canales excavados donde se utilizan compuertas para la regulación del agua y, en algunos pocos casos, se instalan dispositivos para su medición. La creciente presión que existe sobre el recurso agua genera la necesidad de ampliar el conocimiento de los consumos de agua a nivel de chacras. Los canales aforadores son una oportunidad en este sentido, pero, sin embargo, requieren calibración y ajuste con mediciones, lo que generalmente es omitido por su alto costo y complejidad. Este trabajo propone una metodología económica para la calibración de canales aforadores mediante el procesamiento de imágenes de video. La metodología utiliza el software RIveR (https://riverdischarge.blogspot.com/) para procesar las imágenes de video, y el software BaRatinAGE para construir la relación nivel-caudal mediante la inferencia bayesiana. Como sensores de referencia se utiliza un radar de velocidad superficial y un velocímetro de efecto acústico doppler. La metodología se prueba en un canal aforador de garganta cortada. El experimento se realizó en un establecimiento arrocero en el norte de Uruguay. Los resultados sugieren que los canales aforadores se pueden calibrar mediante procesamiento de imágenes de video y que la incertidumbre puede ser cuantificada mediante inferencia bayesiana. Un beneficio del método propuesto es que utiliza software libre que puede ser aplicado de forma sencilla en pequeños establecimientos agrícolas.
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