According to the social heuristics hypothesis, people intuitively cooperate or defect depending on which behavior is beneficial in their interactions. If cooperation is beneficial, people intuitively ...cooperate, but if defection is beneficial, they intuitively defect. However, deliberation promotes defection. Here, we tested two novel predictions regarding the role of trust in the social heuristics hypothesis. First, whether trust promotes intuitive cooperation. Second, whether preferring to think intuitively or deliberatively moderates the effect of trust on cooperation. In addition, we examined whether deciding intuitively promotes cooperation, compared to deciding deliberatively. To evaluate these predictions, we conducted a lab study in Colombia and an online study in the United Kingdom (N = 1,066; one study was pre-registered). Unexpectedly, higher trust failed to promote intuitive cooperation, though higher trust promoted cooperation. In addition, preferring to think intuitively or deliberatively failed to moderate the effect of trust on cooperation, although preferring to think intuitively increased cooperation. Moreover, deciding intuitively failed to promote cooperation, and equivalence testing confirmed that this null result was explained by the absence of an effect, rather than a lack of statistical power (equivalence bounds: d = -0.26 and 0.26). An intuitive cooperation effect emerged when non-compliant participants were excluded, but this effect could be due to selection biases. Taken together, most results failed to support the social heuristics hypothesis. We conclude by discussing implications, future directions, and limitations. The materials, data, and code are available on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/939jv/).
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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•A differential variation in the rate of rearrangement by gene and by taxonomic order.•Crustacea and Chelicerata mitogenomes tend to be more rearranged compared to Myriapoda.•A high ...number of different gene orders are reported in the arthropod mitochondrial genome.•Ancestral gene order in each Subphylum and taxonomic order were postulate.
In the species-rich Phylum Arthropoda, the mitochondrial genome is relatively well conserved both in terms of number and order of genes. However, specific clades have a ‘typical’ gene order that differs from the putative arthropod ancestral arrangement. The aim of this work was to compare the rate of mitochondrial gene rearrangements at inter- and intra-taxonomic levels in the Arthropoda and to postulate the most parsimonious ancestral orders representing the four major arthropod lineages. For this purpose, we performed a comparative genomic analysis of arthropod mitochondrial genomes available in the NCBI database. Using a combination of bioinformatics methods that examined mitochondrial gene rearrangements in 464 species of arthropods from three subphyla (Chelicerata, Myriapoda, and Crustacea except Hexapoda, previously analyzed), we observed differences in the rate of rearrangement within major lineages. A higher rate of mitochondrial genome rearrangement was observed in Crustacea and Chelicerata compared to Myriapoda. Likewise, early branching clades exhibit less variability in mitochondrial genome order than late branching clades, within each subphylum. We identified ‘hot regions’ in the mitochondrial genome of each studied subphylum, and postulated the most likely ancestral gene order in each subphylum and taxonomic order. Our work provides new evidence on the evolutionary dynamics of mitochondrial genome gene order in arthropods and new mitochondrial genome architectures in different taxonomic divisions within each major lineage of arthropods.
Leukemia and lymphomas are the 2 most frequent malignancies among children in Cali, Colombia, although survival information for these malignancies remains limited in both Cali and throughout all of ...Colombia.
To estimate the 5-year survival rate in children diagnosed with leukemia and lymphomas in the University Hospital of Valle, at Cali, Colombia.
Three hundred and twenty-four patients younger than 15 years of age were included, diagnosed with either leukemia or lymphomas from 1998 to 2006. Active follow-up was conducted by clinical records reviewing and phone contacting. The cumulative survival rate was estimated to be from 1 to 5 years from diagnosis using the actuarial method. The Cox regression model was used to determine some of the factors associated with the prognosis.
Of all cases, 61.8% were male patients, 75.3% corresponded to leukemia, and the rest to lymphomas. The global cumulated survival rate at 1 and 5 years were 71% and 50%, respectively. The risk of death from lymphomas was lower compared with leukemia, hazard ratio=0.36 (P<0.01). The highest cumulated survival rate was found in the group 5 to 9 years old (61%), followed by the group 0 to 4 years old (48%) and the group 10 to 14 years old (41%), all results reaching statistical significance (P<0.01), and showing lower survival rates than the data from international literature.
The survival rates for leukemia and lymphomas in Cali are lower compared with the data of developed countries, suggesting that there are deficiencies in early diagnosis and in access to medication and opportune treatment.
Fronto-Orbital Advance in a Patient With Roberts Syndrome Alvarez, Jaime Andres Jimenez; Chacon, Leonardo Andres; Montealegre, Jesus Andres Duque ...
The Journal of craniofacial surgery,
09/2020, Letnik:
31, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Roberts Syndrome is an extremely rare syndrome reporting about 150 cases in the literature, with a very low survival rate. The authors present a case of a female patient with Roberts Syndrome who ...also had a coronal craniosynostosis. The aim of this case report is to present a case of a patient with Roberts Syndrome with a brachycephaly that required management of fronto-orbital advancement. In conclusion Roberts Syndrome is a rare disease, which can have different skeletal variations. This syndrome can manifest itself with craniosynostosis, with the requirement of a comprehensive management to correct it and avoid compression of the brain with endocranial hypertension.
As part of the Many Labs 5 project, we ran a replication of van Dijk, van Kleef, Steinel, and van Beest’s (2008) study examining the effect of emotions in negotiations. They reported that when the ...consequences of rejection were low, subjects offered fewer chips to angry bargaining partners than to happy partners. We ran this replication under three protocols: the protocol used in the Reproducibility Project: Psychology, a revised protocol, and an online protocol. The effect averaged one ninth the size of the originally reported effect and was significant only for the revised protocol. However, the difference between the original and revised protocols was not significant.
Estudio descriptivo de los pacientes pediátricos llevados a cirugía de Timpanoplastia tipo I entre Ene/2009 a Jun/2016. Se logro recopilar la información de 89 pacientes, con un total de 117 oídos ...operados. La población fue distribuida en tres grupos de acuerdo con la edad al momento del procedimiento quirúrgico así; entre 2 y 5 años (23,08%), entre 6 y 8 años (50,43%) y entre 9 y 11 años (26,50%). El tamaño de la perforación fue; <25% en 17.9% (22), entre 26-50% en el 29,1% (34 ), entre el 51 al 75% fue del 23,9% (27) y >76% de 29,1% (34). Los resultados audiológicos evaluados que se obtuvieron después de comparar los promedios de GAP aéreo óseo y PTA pre y postoperatorios de cada grupo mostraron mejoría esta solo fue estadísticamente significativa en los grupos de entre 6 y 11 años. Los resultados anatómicos medidos por cierre del neotimpano fue exitoso en el 88,9% (24) de los niños entre 2-5 años, del 83,1% (49) de los niños entre 6 y 8 años y del 80,7% (25) de los niños entre 9 y 11 años, sin diferencias entre los grupos.
Introducción: La hipoacusia neurosensorial congénita afecta a 1 de cada 1000 recién nacidos vivos, el 50% de estos casos tienen causas genéticas y de estas, entre 1-5% está asociado a alteraciones en ...el cromosoma X, como lo es la partición incompleta tipo III.Objetivo: Describir la técnica quirúrgica empleada, los resultados funcionales y las complicaciones presentadas durante el periodo pre y post operatorio en un grupo de pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico radiológico de malformación del oído interno tipo partición incompleta tipo III con seguimiento de 06 meses.Diseño: reporte de casos.Materiales y métodos:Análisis descriptivo de pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico radiológico de malformación del oído interno tipo partición incompleta tipo III, llevados a cirugía de implante coclear entre Enero de 2015 a Enero de 2017.Resultados: Encontramos 03 pacientes de sexo masculino con edad promedio de 3 años al momento de la cirugía (04 oídos). 01 paciente fue llevado a cirugía de implante coclear bilateral secuencial y dos recibieron implante coclear unilateral. El diagnóstico preoperatorio se realizó apoyado en los hallazgos de Tomografía Computarizada de Alta Resolución y evaluación audiológica preimplante coclear. En 02 pacientes hubo estabilización de la pérdida auditiva en el oído contralateral y recibieron rehabilitación auditiva con audífono convencional. 01 paciente presentó empeoramiento del oído contralateral y requirió cirugía de implante coclear secuencial.Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia los resultados audiológicos de la cirugía de implante coclear en pacientes con partición incompleta tipo III han sido muy satisfactorios.
Introducción: Los pacientes mayores de 65 años con hipoacusia neurosensorial unilateral e implante coclear hacen parte de una población especial que requiere estudios mas profundos sobre el ...rendimiento audiológico con este dispositivo.Diseño: Estudio observacional de corte transversal.Métodos: Se analizaron datos de la historia clínica electrónica a partir del año 2006 hasta el año 2016 en 33 pacientes adultos (>65 años) con diagnóstico de hipoacusia neurosensorial severa/profunda unilateral manejados con implante coclear.Resultados: Se reclutaron 33 pacientes con una mediana de edad de 68 años (RIQ 5 años). La mediana para el promedio de tonos puros del habla pre-quirúrgicos fue de 90 con un RIQ de 13dB, mientras que a los 6 meses fue de 31dB con un RIQ de 9 y a los 6 meses de 30db con un RIQ de 5. El porcentaje de discriminación del lenguaje pre-quirúrgico tuvo una mediana de 20 % con un RIQ de 20, a los 6 meses de 85.13 % con un RIQ de 4.07, y a los 12 meses de 90.9 % con un RIQ de 2.65. La correlación de Pearson mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores del promedio de tonos puros del habla pre-quirúrgicos y a los 6 y 12 meses (p=0.004 y 0.028 respectivamente) y entre los valores del porcentaje de discriminación del lenguaje pre-quirúrgico y a los 6 y 12 meses (p=0.000).Conclusiones: Concluimos que el implante coclear mejora los resultados de las pruebas audiológicas en pacientes mayores de 65 años con hipoacusia neurosensorial unilateral.
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