Abstract
The Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) is the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope’s continuum imager, operating simultaneously at 450 and 850
μ
m. SCUBA-2 was commissioned in ...2009–2011, and since that time, regular observations of point-like standard sources have been performed whenever the instrument is in use. Expanding the calibrator observation sample by an order of magnitude compared to previous work, in this paper we derive updated opacity relations at each wavelength for a new atmospheric extinction correction, analyze the Flux Conversion Factors used to convert instrumental units to physical flux units as a function of date and observation time, present information on the beam profiles for each wavelength, and update secondary calibrator source fluxes. Between 07:00 and 17:00 UTC, the portion of the night that is most stable to temperature gradients that cause dish deformation, the total flux uncertainty and the peak flux uncertainty measured at 450
μ
m are found to be 14% and 17%, respectively. Measured at 850
μ
m, the total flux and peak flux uncertainties are 6% and 7%, respectively. The analysis presented in this work is applicable to all SCUBA-2 projects observed since 2011.
For students new to the subject of history there are many books on the "theory" of writing history but fewer on how history is actually "practised". This work by a team of historians from the ...University of Sussex fills this gap. The first half of the book examines a number of notable controversies that have been, and still are, the subject of historical debate - for example, race in South Africa, the legacy of the French Resistance, the origins of the Welfare State. These illustrate the issues involved in "doing" history. The second half of the book focuses upon the historians themselves - such as Tawney, Carr, Buckhardt, Weber, Thompson - and demonstrates how the historian puts his/her own spin on historical interpretation. Together the study of controversies and historians shows with clarity the practical issues of historical method. "Historical Controversies and Historians" should be a useful primer for any student embarking on a course in history.
The Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array 2 (SCUBA-2) is the James Clerk
Maxwell Telescope's continuum imager, operating simultaneously at 450 and
850~$\mu$m. SCUBA-2 was commissioned in ...2009--2011 and since that time, regular
observations of point-like standard sources have been performed whenever the
instrument is in use. Expanding the calibrator observation sample by an order
of magnitude compared to previous work, in this paper we derive updated opacity
relations at each wavelength for a new atmospheric-extinction correction,
analyze the Flux-Conversion Factors (FCFs) used to convert instrumental units
to physical flux units as a function of date and observation time, present
information on the beam profiles for each wavelength, and update
secondary-calibrator source fluxes. Between 07:00 and 17:00 UTC, the portion of
the night that is most stable to temperature gradients that cause dish
deformation, the total-flux uncertainty and the peak-flux uncertainty measured
at 450~$\mu$m are found to be 14\% and 17\%, respectively. Measured at
850~$\mu$m, the total-flux and peak-flux uncertainties are 6\%, and 7\%,
respectively. The analysis presented in this work is applicable to all SCUBA-2
projects observed since 2011.
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