Objective: The aim was to investigate the white matter abnormalities of drug‐naïve patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) using diffusion tensor‐imaging and the white matter changes in ...the patients after pharmacotherapy.
Method: Thirteen drug‐naïve OCD patients and 13 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy comparison subjects were examined using diffusion tensor‐imaging and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Measurements were made in OCD patients before and after 12 weeks of citalopram treatment.
Results: Compared with controls, the drug‐naïve OCD patients showed significant increases in fractional anisotropy (FA) in the corpus callosum, the internal capsule and white matter in the area superolateral to the right caudate. The increases in FA were mostly no longer observed in patients after 12 weeks of treatment compared with controls.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that white matter alterations are associated with the pathophysiology of OCD, and the abnormalities may be partly reversible with pharmacotherapy.
Background
Alopecia areata (AA) is an organ‐specific autoimmune disease with T‐cell‐mediated attack of hair follicle autoantigens. As T helper 17 (Th17) cells and T regulatory (Treg) cells are ...crucially involved in the pathogenesis, the role of Th17 and Treg cytokines has not been studied yet.
Objective
To determine whether AA is associated with alterations in lesional and serum Th17 and Treg cytokines and studied whether they were associated with clinical type.
Methods
Scalp skin samples from 45 patients and eight normal controls were obtained for PCR specific for IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, TGF‐β, IL‐1, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐12A, IL‐13, IL‐17, IL‐22 and IL‐23. Serum cytokines were measured from 55 patients and 15 normal controls using ELISA.
Results
Lesional IL‐17 and IL‐22 were significantly increased in patient group. Moreover, positive correlations were shown between lesional IL‐17, IL‐22 and disease severity. Serum IL‐1, IL‐17, TNF‐α and TGF‐β were significantly increased, and positive correlation was shown between serum IL‐17 and disease severity.
Conclusion
These results showed significantly high Th17 cytokines in both lesion and serum in AA patients, which may highlight a functional role of these cytokines in the pathogenesis of AA.
An open-label, randomized trial was conducted to examine the effects of risedronate versus menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in postmenopausal women with recent hip fracture.
Among 1165 eligible ...women, 281 were recruited and randomly assigned to receive oral risedronate (35 mg/week) or percutaneous estradiol gel (1.5 mg/day) plus oral micronized progesterone (100 mg/day) for 4 years. The primary end point was recurrent fracture and the secondary end points were mortality and bone mineral density (BMD).
Kaplan-Meier analyses showed no significant differences in fracture recurrence and mortality between the two groups. The incidence of any new fracture per 100 person-years (PY) was 8.63 in the risedronate group and 12.86 in the MHT group (p = 0.180); that of clinical fracture was 4.75 and 6.99, respectively (p = 0.265); and that of asymptomatic vertebral fracture was 4.87 and 5.58, respectively (p = 0.764). The respective incidence of death per 100 PY was 3.58 and 4.40 (p = 0.503). BMD increased comparably at the lumbar spine in both groups. BMD at the total hip did not change in the risedronate group, but increased significantly by 2.8% in the MHT group.
MHT might not differ from risedronate in the prevention of secondary fractures and death among postmenopausal women with recent hip fracture.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Lung cancer is the number one cancer killer, and metastasis is the main cause of high mortality in lung cancer patients. However, mechanisms underlying the development of lung cancer metastasis ...remain unknown. Using genome-wide transcriptional analysis in an experimental metastasis model, we identified laminin γ2 (LAMC2), an epithelial basement membrane protein, to be significantly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma metastatic cells. Elevated LAMC2 increased traction force, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells accompanied by the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). LAMC2 knockdown decreased traction force, migration, and invasion accompanied by EMT reduction in vitro, and attenuated metastasis in mice. LAMC2 promoted migration and invasion via EMT that was integrin β1- and ZEB1-dependent. High LAMC2 was significantly correlated with the mesenchymal marker vimentin expression in lung adenocarcinomas, and with higher risk of recurrence or death in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. We suggest that LAMC2 promotes metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma via EMT and may be a potential therapeutic target.
We assessed the 24‐week efficacy and safety of teneligliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that was inadequately controlled with ...diet and exercise. The present study was designed as a multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group, phase III study. Patients (n = 142) were randomized 2 : 1 into two different treatment groups as follows: 99 received teneligliptin (20 mg) and 43 received placebo. The primary endpoint was change in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level from baseline to week 24. Teneligliptin significantly reduced the HbA1c level from baseline compared with placebo after 24 weeks. At week 24, the differences between changes in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FBG) in the teneligliptin and placebo groups were −0.94% least‐squares (LS) mean −1.22, −0.65 and −1.21 mmol/l (−1.72, −0.70), respectively (all p < 0.001). The incidence of hypoglycaemia and adverse events were not significantly different between the two groups. This phase III, randomized, placebo‐controlled study provides evidence of the safety and efficacy of 24 weeks of treatment with teneligliptin as a monotherapy in Korean patients with T2DM.
We investigated the relationship between the prognostic importance of anatomic tumour burden and subtypes of breast cancer using data from the Korean Breast Cancer Registry Database. In HR+/HER2+ and ...HR-/HER2-tumours, an increase in T stage profoundly increased the hazard of death, while the presence of lymph node metastasis was more important in HR+/HER2+ and HR-/HER2+ tumours among 131,178 patients with stage I-III breast cancer. The patterns of increasing mortality risk and tumour growth (per centimetre) and metastatic nodes (per node) were examined in 67,038 patients with a tumour diameter ≤ 7 cm and < 8 metastatic nodes. HR+/HER2- and HR-/HER2- tumours showed a persistent increase in mortality risk with an increase in tumour diameter, while the effect was modest in HER2+ tumours. Conversely, an increased number of metastatic nodes was accompanied by a persistently increased risk in HR-/HER2+ tumours, while the effect was minimal for HR-/HER2- tumours with > 3 or 4 nodes. The interactions between the prognostic significance of anatomic tumour burden and subtypes were significant. The prognostic relevance of the anatomic tumour burden was non-linear and highly dependent on the subtypes of breast cancer.
Gene Ontology (GO) analysis can provide a comprehensive function analysis for investigating genes, allowing us to identify the potential biological roles of genes. The present study conducted GO ...analysis to explore the biological function of IRAK2 and performed a case analysis to define its clinical role in disease progression and mediating tumor response to RT. Methods: We performed a GO enrichment analysis on the RNA-seq data to validate radiation-induced gene expression. A total of 172 I-IVB specimens from oral squamous cell carcinoma patients were collected for clinical analysis, from which IRAK2 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. This was a retrospective study conducted between IRAK2 expression and the outcomes of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients after radiotherapy treatment. We conducted Gene Ontology (GO) analysis to explore the biological function of IRAK2 and performed a case analysis to define its clinical role in mediating tumor response to radiotherapy. GO enrichment analysis to validate radiation-induced gene expression was performed. Clinically, 172 stage I-IVB resected oral cancer patients were used to validate IRAK2 expression in predicting clinical outcomes. GO enrichment analysis showed that IRAK2 is involved in 10 of the 14 most enriched GO categories for post-irradiation biological processes, focusing on stress response and immune modulation. Clinically, high IRAK2 expression was correlated with adverse disease features, including pT3-4 status (
= 0.01), advanced overall stage (
= 0.02), and positive bone invasion (
= 0.01). In patients who underwent radiotherapy, the IRAK2-high group was associated with reduced post-irradiation local recurrence (
= 0.025) compared to the IRAK2-low group. IRAK2 plays a crucial role in the radiation-induced response. Patients with high IRAK2 expression demonstrated more advanced disease features but predicted higher post-irradiation local control in a clinical setting. These findings support IRAK2 as a potential predictive biomarker for radiotherapy response in non-metastatic and resected oral cancer patients.
The Green Building concept is very popular worldwide. The adverse impact of construction on the environment significantly promotes the development of the green building concept worldwide. Green ...buildings are generally termed as environmentally friendly buildings. Therefore, over the past several decades, there have been many green building rating tools developed by institutions to evaluate these buildings. However, a majority of the green buildings certified with these rating tools are assessed primarily on their design and construction. The life-cycle of a green building extends beyond these initial phases, with its full benefits becoming more apparent during the operational stages of the building. However, there is a clear lack of green building projects obtaining green certificates that evaluate the operational stages of the building. Therefore, this research aims to identify the barriers preventing the certification of green buildings in their operational stages. Initially, commonly used international green building rating tools were identified and analysed on the evaluation criteria. Following this analysis, Chinese standards on green building evaluation were also discussed in detail. Furthermore, a case study building with three-star certification for the operational stage was incorporated into the analysis. This case study building was analysed with the Chinese standards, namely Chinese evaluation standard green building (ESGB) 2014, along with other international standards such as the Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design Leadership (LEED), the Building Research Establishment's Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), and Green Star. Structured interviews were also carried out to identify the barriers, while measures to overcome these barriers were also discussed. The inconsistency of government regulations, the inability of the market to protect developers' interests, and the inability to meet technical requirements were identified as the three main barriers.
•Majority of green buildings are certified during the design stage.•Green building certification within the operational stage is to a significant minimum.•Identifying barriers to certify green buildings in operational stage is essential.•Inability of the market to protect developers' interests is one of the main barriers.
The most recent version of the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with endometrial cancer was published ...in 2022. It was therefore decided, by both the ESMO and the Indian Society of Medical and Paediatric Oncology (ISMPO), to convene a virtual meeting in July 2022 to adapt the ESMO 2022 guidelines to take into account the variations in the management of endometrial cancer in Asia. These guidelines represent the consensus opinion of a panel of Asian experts representing the oncological societies of China (CSCO), India (ISMPO), Indonesia (ISHMO), Japan (JSMO), Korea (KSMO), Malaysia (MOS), the Philippines (PSMO), Singapore (SSO), Taiwan (TOS) and Thailand (TSCO). Voting was based on scientific evidence and was conducted independently of the current treatment practices and treatment access constraints in the different Asian countries, which were discussed when appropriate. The aim of this guideline manuscript is to provide guidance for the optimisation and harmonisation of the management of patients with endometrial cancer across the different regions of Asia, drawing on the evidence provided by Western and Asian trials whilst respecting the variations in clinical presentation, diagnostic practices including molecular profiling and disparities in access to therapeutic options, including drug approvals and reimbursement strategies.
•This article provides the ESMO recommendations for the treatment of endometrial cancer adapted for patients in Asian countries.•The lack of availability of certain tests and treatments in some Asian countries is discussed for few recommendations.•The aim is to encourage evidence-based practices in the management of endometrial cancer in the different regions of Asia.
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