Abstract
Illegal wildlife trade is one of the major threats to Neotropical psittacids, with nearly 28% of species targeted for the illegal pet trade. We analysed the most comprehensive data set on ...illegal wildlife trade currently available for Venezuela, from various sources, to provide a quantitative assessment of the magnitude, scope and detectability of the trade in psittacids at the national level. We calculated a specific offer index (SO) based on the frequency of which each species was offered for sale. Forty-seven species of psittacids were traded in Venezuela during 1981–2015, of which 17 were non-native. At least 641,675 individuals were traded, with an overall extraction rate of 18,334 individuals per year (35 years of accumulated reports).
Amazona ochrocephala
was the most frequently detected species (SO = 3.603), with the highest extraction rate (10,544 individuals per year), followed by
Eupsittula pertinax
(SO = 1.357) and
Amazona amazonica
(SO = 1.073).
Amazona barbadensis
,
Ara ararauna
and
Ara chloropterus
were the fourth most frequently detected species (SO = 0.564–0.615). Eleven species were involved principally in domestic trade (> 60% of records). Our approach could be the first step in developing a national monitoring programme to inform national policy on the trade in psittacids. Patterns and numbers provided may be used to update the official list of threatened species, and could also be used in planning conservation actions.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of nutrient solutions in an NFT hydroponic
system to improve yield and increase crop quality, which involves electronic components for
...monitoring the environmental and nutritional conditions of the crop. For the study, an IoT prototype
was used that allowed controlling and regulating the temperature through the servomotor that is
responsible for raising or lowering the gate so that the environment where the lettuces are located
is conducive to growing and developing; The ultrasonic sensor provides information for the correct
filling of the tanks with the previously prepared nutrient solution mixtures, the pump with a flow
rate of 1400 liters per hour whose operation requires 110v alternating current was responsible for
propelling the nutrient solution towards the NFT system. A design (DCA) was carried out with 2
treatments plus a control and 4 repetitions with respect to the variables evaluated, which were:
plant height, root length, leaf length, leaf quantity, diameter between rosette and plant weight. In
the results through the comparison analysis of means, the nutrient solution showed a better response
in the variables taken, standing out better than humic acid. In the lettuce varieties, the one that
responded best to the two treatments was the Lollo rosso, surpassing the Green salad bowl variety.
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de las soluciones nutritivas en un sistema hidropónico NFT para mejorar el rendimiento e incrementar la calidad del cultivo, el cual involucra componentes electrónicos para la supervisión de las condiciones ambientales y nutricionales del cultivo. Para el estudio se utilizó un prototipo de IoT que permitió controlar y regular la temperatura mediante el servomotor que es el encargado de subir o bajar la compuerta para que el ambiente donde están las lechugas sea propicio para crecer y desarrollarse; el sensor ultrasónico proporciona información para el correcto llenado de los tanques con las mezclas de solución nutritiva previamente preparadas, la bomba con un caudal de 1400 litros por hora cuyo funcionamiento requiere 110v de corriente alterna se encargó de impulsar la solución nutritiva hacia el sistema NFT. Se realizó un diseño (DCA) con 2 tratamientos más un testigo y 4 repeticiones con respecto a las variables evaluadas que fueron: altura de planta, largo de raíz, largo de hoja, cantidad de hoja, diámetro entre roseta y peso de planta. En los resultados por medio del análisis de comparación de medias, la solución nutritiva mostró mejor respuesta en las variables tomadas destacándose mejor que el ácido húmico. En las variedades de lechuga, la que mejor respondió a los dos tratamientos fue la Lollo rosso superando a la variedad Green salad bowl.
Mediterranean and low-fat diets are effective in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. We did a long-term randomised trial to compare the effects of these two diets in secondary ...prevention of cardiovascular disease.
The CORDIOPREV study was a single-centre, randomised clinical trial done at the Reina Sofia University Hospital in Córdoba, Spain. Patients with established coronary heart disease (aged 20–75 years) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio by the Andalusian School of Public Health to receive a Mediterranean diet or a low-fat diet intervention, with a follow-up of 7 years. Clinical investigators (physicians, investigators, and clinical endpoint committee members) were masked to treatment assignment; participants were not. A team of dietitians did the dietary interventions. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was a composite of major cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, revascularisation, ischaemic stroke, peripheral artery disease, and cardiovascular death. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00924937.
From Oct 1, 2009, to Feb 28, 2012, a total of 1002 patients were enrolled, 500 (49·9%) in the low-fat diet group and 502 (50·1%) in the Mediterranean diet group. The mean age was 59·5 years (SD 8·7) and 827 (82·5%) of 1002 patients were men. The primary endpoint occurred in 198 participants: 87 in the Mediterranean diet group and 111 in the low-fat group (crude rate per 1000 person-years: 28·1 95% CI 27·9–28·3 in the Mediterranean diet group vs 37·7 37·5–37·9 in the low-fat group, log-rank p=0·039). Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of the different models ranged from 0·719 (95% CI 0·541–0·957) to 0·753 (0·568–0·998) in favour of the Mediterranean diet. These effects were more evident in men, with primary endpoints occurring in 67 (16·2%) of 414 men in the Mediterranean diet group versus 94 (22·8%) of 413 men in the low-fat diet group (multiadjusted HR 0·669 95% CI 0·489–0·915, log-rank p=0·013), than in 175 women for whom no difference was found between groups.
In secondary prevention, the Mediterranean diet was superior to the low-fat diet in preventing major cardiovascular events. Our results are relevant to clinical practice, supporting the use of the Mediterranean diet in secondary prevention.
Fundacion Patrimonio Comunal Olivarero; Fundacion Centro para la Excelencia en Investigacion sobre Aceite de Oliva y Salud; local, regional, and national Spanish Governments; European Union.
Germline mutations in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes are identified in a significant proportion of patients with metastatic prostate cancer, but the clinical implications of these genes remain ...unclear. This prospective multicenter cohort study evaluated the prevalence and effect of germline DDR (gDDR) mutations on metastatic castration-resistance prostate cancer (mCRPC) outcomes.
Unselected patients were enrolled at diagnosis of mCRPC and were screened for gDDR mutations in 107 genes. The primary aim was to assess the impact of ATM/BRCA1/BRCA2/ PALB2 germline mutations on cause-specific survival (CSS) from diagnosis of mCRPC. Secondary aims included the association of gDDR subgroups with response outcomes for mCRPC treatments. Combined progression-free survival from the first systemic therapy (PFS) until progression on the second systemic therapy (PFS2) was also explored.
We identified 68 carriers (16.2%) of 419 eligible patients, including 14 with BRCA2, eight with ATM, four with BRCA1, and none with PALB2 mutations. The study did not reach its primary end point, because the difference in CSS between ATM/BRCA1/BRCA2/PALB2 carriers and noncarriers was not statistically significant (23.3 v 33.2 months; P = .264). CSS was halved in germline BRCA2 (g BRCA2) carriers (17.4 v 33.2 months; P = .027), and g BRCA2 mutations were identified as an independent prognostic factor for CCS (hazard ratio HR, 2.11; P = .033). Significant interactions between g BRCA2 status and treatment type (androgen signaling inhibitor v taxane therapy) were observed (CSS adjusted P = .014; PFS2 adjusted P = .005). CSS (24.0 v 17.0 months) and PFS2 (18.9 v 8.6 months) were greater in g BRCA2 carriers treated in first line with abiraterone or enzalutamide compared with taxanes. Clinical outcomes did not differ by treatment type in noncarriers.
g BRCA2 mutations have a deleterious impact on mCRPC outcomes that may be affected by the first line of treatment used. Determination of g BRCA2 status may be of assistance for the selection of the initial treatment in mCRPC. Nonetheless, confirmatory studies are required before these results can support a change in clinical practice.
Baricitinib and imatinib are considered therapies for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), but their ultimate clinical impact remains to be elucidated, so our objective is to determine whether these ...kinase inhibitors provide benefit when added to standard care in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. Phase‐2, open‐label, randomized trial with a pick‐the‐winner design conducted from September 2020 to June 2021 in a single Spanish center. Hospitalized adults with COVID‐19 pneumonia and a symptom duration ≤10 days were assigned to 3 arms: imatinib (400 mg qd, 7 days) plus standard‐care, baricitinib (4 mg qd, 7 days) plus standard‐care, or standard‐care alone. Primary outcome was time to clinical improvement (discharge alive or a reduction of 2 points in an ordinal scale of clinical status) compared on a day‐by‐day basis to identify differences ≥15% between the most and least favorable groups. Secondary outcomes included oxygenation and ventilatory support requirements, additional therapies administered, all‐cause mortality, and safety. One hundred and sixty‐five patients analyzed. Predefined criteria for selection of the most advantageous arm were met for baricitinib, but not for imatinib. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in formal analysis, but a trend toward better results in patients receiving baricitinib was found compared to standard care alone (hazard ratio HR for clinical improvement: 1.41, 95% confidence intervals CI: 0.96−2.06; HR for discontinuing oxygen: 1.46, 95% CI: 0.94−2.28). No differences were found regarding additional therapies administered or safety. Baricitinib plus standard care showed better results for hospitalized COVID‐19 patients, being the most advantageous therapeutic strategy among those proposed in this exploratory clinical trial.
El como objetivo general de la presente investigación fue describir los alimentos transgénicos y su contenido nutricional. Se desarrolló desde el paradigma positivista con enfoque cuantitativo, ...además un diseño documental-bibliográfico, a través de la exploración, recolección y análisis crítico mediante, la búsqueda, la reflexión y análisis, construyendo métodos relacionados al discernimiento del fenómeno y así evaluar o considerar nuevos contextos. Se revisaron y analizaron fuentes documentales a nivel teórico y trabajos arbitrados y tesis vinculadas con los aspectos centrales del trabajo. La técnica de interpretación de la indagación, se consideró el análisis de contenido de la información recopilada, lo que permitió la formulación de resultados. Se concluye que, el valor nutricional de los alimentos transgénicos contribuye al fortalecimiento de algunos productos que son mejorados por dicha técnica genética, lo que permite la modificación mediante la introducción de otros genes para lograr los rasgos deseados.
El objetivo general de la presente investigación fue describir los problemas ambientales, la minería ilegal y la contaminación en el oriente ecuatoriano. El desarrollo de la investigación, se realizó ...desde la perspectiva cuantitativa, y se complementó con un diseño documental-bibliográfico. Lo que permitió, la recogida de información extraída de los diferentes artículos arbitrados, trabajo de grado, entre otros. Además, se realizó una investigación descriptiva. Se concluye que, es preocupante que por los hechos de la minería ilegal y otros problemas ambientales exista la vulneración del ambiente en el oriente ecuatoriano y en otras zonas de la nación, a pesar de contar con la condiciones y normativas legales que contribuyen a la preservación y conservación de la naturaleza. Es necesario que las políticas públicas en materia medio-ambiental deben ser revisadas y adaptadas a los nuevos tiempos contribuyendo al buen vivir.
An Amerindian genetic background could play an important role in susceptibility to metabolic diseases, which have alarmingly increased in recent decades. Mexico has one of the highest prevalences of ...metabolic disease worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in a population with high Amerindian ancestry.
We performed a descriptive, quantitative, and analytical cross-sectional study of 2596 adult indigenous volunteers from 60 different ethnic groups. Metabolic syndrome and its components were evaluated using the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement criteria.
The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the indigenous Mexican population was 50.3%. Although females had a higher prevalence than males (55.6% vs. 38.2%), the males presented with combinations of metabolic syndrome components that confer a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. The most frequent metabolic syndrome component in both genders was low HDL-cholesterol levels (75.8%). Central obesity was the second most frequent component in females (61%), though it had a low prevalence in males (16.5%). The overall prevalence of elevated blood pressure was 42.7% and was higher in males than females (48.8 vs. 40%). We found no gender differences in the overall prevalence of elevated triglycerides (56.7%) or fasting glucose (27.9%).
We documented that individuals with Amerindian ancestry have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Health policies are needed to control the development of metabolic disorders in a population with high genetic risk.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
To assess the efficacy of abatacept (ABA) in RA patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) (RA-ILD).
This was an observational, multicentre study of RA-ILD patients treated with at least one dose ...of ABA. ILD was diagnosed by high-resolution CT (HRCT). We analysed the following variables at baseline (ABA initiation), 12 months and at the end of the follow-up: Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) scale (1-point change), forced vital capacity (FVC) or diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (improvement or worsening ≥10%), HRCT, DAS on 28 joints evaluated using the ESR (DAS28ESR) and CS-sparing effect.
We studied 263 RA-ILD patients 150 women/113 men; mean (s.d.) age 64.6 (10) years. At baseline, they had a median duration of ILD of 1 (interquartile range 0.25-3.44) years, moderate or severe degree of dyspnoea (MMRC grade 2, 3 or 4) (40.3%), FVC (% of the predicted) mean (s.d.) 85.9 (21.8)%, DLCO (% of the predicted) 65.7 (18.3) and DAS28ESR 4.5 (1.5). The ILD patterns were: usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (40.3%), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (31.9%) and others (27.8%). ABA was prescribed at standard dose, i.v. (25.5%) or s.c. (74.5%). After a median follow-up of 12 (6-36) months the following variables did not show worsening: dyspnoea (MMRC) (91.9%); FVC (87.7%); DLCO (90.6%); and chest HRCT (76.6%). A significant improvement of DAS28ESR from 4.5 (1.5) to 3.1 (1.3) at the end of follow-up (P < 0.001) and a CS-sparing effect from a median 7.5 (5-10) to 5 (2.5-7.5) mg/day at the end of follow-up (P < 0.001) was also observed. ABA was withdrawn in 62 (23.6%) patients due to adverse events (n = 30), articular inefficacy (n = 27), ILD worsening (n = 3) and other causes (n = 2).
ABA may be an effective and safe treatment for patients with RA-ILD.
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