Through the last years consumers have shown a growing interest in minimally processed foods with clean labels that not only satisfy basic nutrition but also provides health-benefits. This has ...motivated scientists and technologists to find optimal combination of ingredients and novel technologies to produce functional products with attractive sensory properties. Red prickly pears (RPP) and soymilk (SM) have been recognized as rich sources of antioxidant compounds with health properties. Moderate intensity pulsed electric fields (MIPEF) application in plant-based foods increases phytochemicals content through stress induction or improved extraction yields. Hence, the aim of this work was to enhance the bioactive compounds content of RPP and SM by MIPEF and use them for the development of a plant-based beverage with potential health-benefits. Results indicated that MIPEF-processing increased the bioactive compounds content of RPP and SM, resulting in a plant-based beverage with higher concentration of total phenolic compounds (16%), betalains (7.2%) and isoflavones (7.4%) than the control-beverage. Furthermore, MIPEF application to the ingredients did not affect physicochemical attributes of the beverage, obtaining an appealing product with potential health-attributes.
Pulsed electric fields processing at moderate intensities (<5 kV/cm) might be a potential way to enhance the phytochemicals concentration of plant-based ingredients used for the development of beverages with clean-labels, minimally processed and potential health benefits. This kind of products could satisfy current consumers' demand in special situations of health. However, further research must continue to better understand the mechanisms occurred during processing and to find the best processing parameters for different raw materials.
•MIPEF process of red prickly pears or soymilk enhance bioactive compounds content.•MIPEF-ingredients can be used in plant-based beverages formulation with clean labels.•Plant-based bevearges represent a potential way to include health compounds in diets.
Abstract Background Both breastfeeding and the moment at which introduction to solid food occurs have been associated with food allergy. Objective To evaluate whether prolonged breastfeeding and the ...delayed introduction of whole cow's milk into an infant's diet are factors that can be associated with egg sensitization. Methods This was a hospital-based case–control study, matched by age and sex: each study group comprised 97 atopic children. Additionally, logistic regression was used to identify the factors associated with egg protein sensitization. Results The most common type of allergic disease among both groups was allergic rhinitis. After adjusting for possible confounding variables, a delayed introduction to whole cow's milk decreased the odds of egg protein sensitization; OR = 0.16 (95% CI: 0.07–0.36, p < 0.0001). Notably, breastfeeding during the first six months of life, regardless of whether it was the only milk an infant drank, increased the risk for sensitization to chicken eggs; OR = 5.54 (95% CI: 2.41–12.7, p < 0.0001). Conclusion Prolonged breastfeeding, regardless of whether it was the only milk an infant drank, greatly increased the risk of egg sensitization. Interestingly, a delayed introduction to whole cow's milk was associated with a reduced possibility of becoming sensitized to eggs. Further studies are required to elucidate these findings.
White Shark watching tourism at natural aggregation sites is an increasingly popular activity globally among marine wildlife enthusiasts. This wildlife tourism activity promotes conservation and ...economic development but information on the design of adequate and sustainable management practices is missing. Management of the White Shark Observation Activity (WSOA) at Guadalupe Island, Mexico, in an international context was explored. The actors involved in the WSOA as well as the power relationships among them were investigated. Actors helped to elucidate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the WSOA. Tourist Operators, Tourists, a Fishing Cooperative, Non-Governmental Organizations, Academia, and Federal Government institutions were identified as the main groups of actors. All the actors agreed that they have an interest in the use of resources and their conservation but their needs and some perspectives of management differed. An imbalance of power among actors was found, with Federal Governmental institutions holding most power, possibly hindering collective management actions. It is necessary to adapt a management plan that promotes a vision for the future and the integration of the concerns and perspectives of the stakeholders to ensure the sustainability of the WSOA.
•Prospective analysis as a tool for White shark tourism management.•Actors involved in the activity have contrasting perspectives and needs.•Location is a key factor prompting weaknesses strengths and opportunities.•Unbalanced level of power among actors hinders collective management actions.•Huge potential exist to promote outreach and environmental awareness.
Non-cell-autonomous mechanisms contribute to neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), in which astrocytes release unidentified factors ...that are toxic to motoneurons (MNs). We report here that mouse and patient iPSC-derived astrocytes with diverse ALS/FTD-linked mutations (SOD1, TARDBP, and C9ORF72) display elevated levels of intracellular inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), a ubiquitous, negatively charged biopolymer. PolyP levels are also increased in astrocyte-conditioned media (ACM) from ALS/FTD astrocytes. ACM-mediated MN death is prevented by degrading or neutralizing polyP in ALS/FTD astrocytes or ACM. Studies further reveal that postmortem familial and sporadic ALS spinal cord sections display enriched polyP staining signals and that ALS cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exhibits increased polyP concentrations. Our in vitro results establish excessive astrocyte-derived polyP as a critical factor in non-cell-autonomous MN degeneration and a potential therapeutic target for ALS/FTD. The CSF data indicate that polyP might serve as a new biomarker for ALS/FTD.
Display omitted
•PolyP is enriched in human and mouse ALS/FTD astrocytes in vitro and in vivo•Excessive polyP released by ALS/FTD astrocytes is toxic to primary MNs•In vitro studies indicate that polyP is a new therapeutic target of ALS/FTD•Study of human samples indicate that polyP is new hallmark and biomarker of ALS/FTD
Arredondo et al. demonstrate that inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) levels are increased in human and mouse ALS/FTD astrocytes in culture and in tissue as well as in astrocyte-conditioned media (ACM) and cerebrospinal fluid. Targeting polyP in ALS/FTD astrocytes or in derived ACM prevents motoneuron (MN) death. These findings reveal that polyP released by ALS/FTD astrocytes is a critical factor in non-cell-autonomous MN degeneration and a potential therapeutic target for ALS/FTD.
Display omitted
•Stress resistance increases allometrically with size.•An allometric approach can be used to take into account sexual size dimorphism.•Females and males have a common allometric ...exponent but different intercepts.•Females are bigger but males are more resistant.•Sexes differed in quantity of teneral resources and resource utilization.
Water availability is recognized as one of the most important factors in the distribution and activity of terrestrial organisms. In the case of insects, hydric stress imposes a major challenge for survival because of the small surface-area-to-volume ratio they exhibit. In general, stress resistance is expected to co-vary positively with size; however, this pattern can become obscured in insects that exhibit sexual size dimorphism, as sexes differ in size and/or shape and have dissimilar resource allocations. In the present study, we use an allometric-based approach to (i) assess the desiccation and starvation stress resistance of teneral Anastrepha ludens flies, (ii) disentangle the relationships between resistance, size and sex and (iii) examine the adult fly body differences in water and lipid contents before and after exposure to stress. After controlling for sexual size dimorphism, an allometric increase of resistance with overall size was observed for all stress-based treatments. The scaling exponents that define the proportion of increase resistance varied with size traits and with type and degree of hydric stress. In this allometric relationship, and also in the relationships between mass and wing length and between size and teneral resources, the sexes maintained similar scaling exponents but differed in the intercepts. Males were more resistant to stress than females; this competitive advantage is probably linked to greater amounts of teneral lipids and more water use during stress.
We documented the nearshore ray-finned fishes in Puerto Morelos Reef National Park (PMRNP) by sampling 57 localities, including rocky intertidal pools, sandy bottoms,
Thalassia
beds, coral reefs, ...artificial reefs, karstic-slab bottoms, demersal-pelagic areas, and sessile-
Sargassum
patches. We recorded seven species new to Caribbean Mexican waters and one hundred and six species new to the PMRNP, most of which are small cryptobenthic reef fish. The resultant checklist includes 349 species, and specimens of 285 of which (81.7%) have been deposited in an ichthyological museum collection. These include both voucher organisms and with tissue samples for genetic analysis. A comparison with inventories at other localities of the Greater Caribbean indicates that more targeted sampling for cryptobenthic and deep-reef fishes is needed to provide a complete inventory. We also comment on the local use of some species as fishery resources.
To establish the current situation of antimicrobial resistance and antibiotic consumption in Mexican hospitals.
Antimicrobial susceptibility data from blood and urine isolates were collected. Defined ...daily dose (DDD) of antibiotic consumption/100 occupied beds (OBD) was calculated.
Study period: 2016 and 2017. Of 4 382 blood isolates, E. coli and K. pneumoniae were most frequently reported, with antimicrobial resistance >30% for most drugs tested, only for carbapenems and amikacin resistance were <20%. A. baumannii had antimicrobial resistance >20% to all drugs. Resistance to oxacillin in S. aureus was 20%. From 12 151 urine isolates, 90% corresponded to E. coli; resistance to ciprofloxacin, cephalosporins and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was >50%, with good susceptibility to nitrofurantoin, amikacin and carbapenems. Global median antimicrobial consumption was 57.2 DDD/100 OB.
s. This report shows a high antimicrobial resistance level in Gram-negative bacilli and provides an insight into the seriousness of the problem of antibiotic consumption.
We explored applications (including limitations) of Gauss's theorem to the study of silicic calderas. First it enables us to determine the mass deficiency from calderas. Mass deficiency itself has ...also other potential applications. It enables to make qualitative comparisons between calderas. We can use the mass deficiency to test, in a quick way and as a preliminary step to a formal gravity inversion, for the feasibility of caldera types of simple geometry (i.e., piston subsidence and funnel models). This application can be done in a straightforward way, once the mass deficiency has been determined. For this purpose the mass deficiency is converted to the volume of material missing at the caldera. Subsequently, for example, this volume and the respective caldera diameter enable us to estimate the height of the cylinder fitting the piston subsidence model. If the obtained parameters are congruent with the known geology and geophysical information then the model may be considered further in the inversion of the gravity data for the detailed structure. Other simple models (i.e., the funnel model) can also be analyzed in this way. In particular, when working with a piston subsidence caldera type, the Gauss theorem enables us to estimate the caldera collapse (very difficult to obtain based on geologic information alone). These possible uses of Gauss's theorem are illustrated with the calderas of La Primavera, Los Azufres, and Los Humeros caldera (Mexico). The obtained mass deficiency from these calderas follow the linear mass deficiency–diameter trend observed for other calderas. In particular, because of their diameters and mass deficiencies, La Primavera and Krakatau calderas can be considered equiparable. This comparison is of the most importance considering that La Primavera is located in the neighbourhood of a metropolis (Guadalajara City). Since geophysical studies have already established a piston subsidence model for these calderas, we assessed Gauss's theorem used to estimate their collapses. The respective estimated subsidences for La Primavera (600 m), Los Humeros (500 m), and Los Azufres calderas (800 and 1200 m, respectively) are supported by borehole data. These relatively small subsidences, in relation to many calderas in western US, can be explained by the presence of cylindrical to sub-spherical magma chambers (of smaller size than those underlying the western US calderas—of Yellowstone, Valles, and Long Valley for example) in an epicontinental setting of young Quaternary rocks (against Precambrian cratonic basement in western US). A reassessment of all the available geological and geophysical information was also done. In particular, the caldera limits were checked and corrected when necessary based on available 2-D gravity modeling, gravity gradients, and the location of the volcanic vents. Regional tectonic lineaments might explain many of the particular details of their structures. La Primavera caldera might have formed through a piecemeal subsidence (controlled by the pre-caldera tectonics); Los Humeros caldera is an example of a caldera that evolved by incremental growth (as the Vulsiniani calderas in Italy). The Los Azufres caldera comprises two contiguous calderas emplaced in a regional tectonic depression.
New records of ray-finned fishes Martínez-Servín, Francisco; López-Arroyo, Yareli Margarita; Moreno-Vázquez, Aurora Lizeth ...
Acta ichthyologica et piscatoria,
06/2023
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We documented the nearshore ray-finned fishes in Puerto Morelos Reef National Park (PMRNP) by sampling 57 localities, including rocky intertidal pools, sandy bottoms, Thalassia beds, coral reefs, ...artificial reefs, karstic-slab bottoms, demersal-pelagic areas, and sessile-Sargassum patches. We recorded seven species new to Caribbean Mexican waters and one hundred and six species new to the PMRNP, most of which are small cryptobenthic reef fish. The resultant checklist includes 349 species, and specimens of 285 of which (81.7%) have been deposited in an ichthyological museum collection. These include both voucher organisms and with tissue samples for genetic analysis. A comparison with inventories at other localities of the Greater Caribbean indicates that more targeted sampling for cryptobenthic and deep-reef fishes is needed to provide a complete inventory. We also comment on the local use of some species as fishery resources. Keywords: cryptobenthic, marine fish, Mexican Caribbean, new records
SUMMARY
Background
Mexican children are characterized by a high‐starch intake diet and high prevalence of obesity.
Objectives
To investigate the association of AMY1A/AMY2A copy numbers (CNs) and ...AMY1/AMY2 serum enzymatic activity with childhood obesity in up to 427 and 337 Mexican cases and controls.
Methods
Anthropometric and dietary starch intake data were collected. CN of AMY1A/AMY2A and AMY1/AMY2 serum enzymatic activity were determined using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and enzymatic colorimetry, respectively. An individual participant level data meta‐analysis of association between AMY1A CNVs and obesity was also performed.
Results
A positive association between AMY1A/AMY2A CNs and their corresponding AMY1/AMY2 serum enzyme activity was observed in children with normal weight and obesity. The serum enzyme activity of AMY1 and AMY2 was negatively associated with childhood obesity risk, and the association was restricted to kids eating medium/high amount of starch (Pinteraction = .004). While no association between AMY1A and AMY2A CNs and childhood obesity was observed in our sample, we confirmed a significant association between AMY1A CN and obesity in a meta‐analysis of 3100 Mexican children.
Conclusions
Our data suggest that genetically determined salivary and pancreatic amylase activity can increase/decrease the risk of obesity in Mexican children, this effect being blunted by a low‐starch diet.
PDF
